The industry explores the high value of straw under the background of "double carbon" -to retrieve the other half of agricultural production

In 1998, farmers in Shuangliu County, Sichuan, caused dozens of local airports to fail to take off and landing dozens of local airports, causing a widespread concern of the society for the agricultural waste of straw. At that time, my country had almost only one way to deal with straw. Whenever the harvest season, the thick white smoke covering the sky in various places has become a footnote for early agricultural development.

After more than 20 years of tackling, the use of straw in my country has handed over a gratifying transcript: in 2020, the number of straws in 2020 was 856 million tons, the collection volume was 722 million tons, and the utilization rate was 633 million tons. The annual increase of 7.5 percentage points, an increase of about 18 percentage points from 2008. Comprehensive utilization has become a keyword connection with straw.

Under the "double carbon" context held in Beijing on August 4th, the high -value use of the results of the results of straw is reported to the industry to put the attention of straw at high value.

Stalks are the other half of agriculture in the country's annual increase in more than 800 million tons

"In the lifetime of corn, wheat and other crops, the ears grow only about 1/4. The 40%of its biomass is converted to straw, and the phosphorus of 25%to 30%of nitrogen and 20%are stored in straw. It can be said that The products of agriculture are half of the seeds and half of the straw. Stalks are the real half of the agriculture. "Yao Zonglu, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the China Chemical News reporter.

According to Yin Chengjie, the former deputy director of the Ministry of Agriculture, in the period of accelerated development of modern agriculture, straw has also become an important agricultural product. Food, fruits, and straw are essentially agricultural creatures. The development of a comprehensive utilization industry mainly based on straw is to protect cultivated land, protect the blue sky, and protect the green mountains and green water. He believes that the comprehensive utilization of straw is the need to promote the green development of agricultural agricultural and strengthen the governance of rural ecological environment, the need to increase agricultural comparative benefits, increase farmers' income, and to effectively prevent and control the needs of crop diseases and pesticides in pesticide investment. Transform the agricultural production method and extend the needs of agricultural production chain, supply chain, and value chain.

"The annual amount of straw in our country exceeds 800 million tons. Comprehensive utilization of crop straws can largely change the inefficient agriculture. my country's agricultural quality and efficiency are not too high. The important reason is that we have lost half of it. If you pick up the other half of the agriculture, you can truly improve economic, social benefits, and ecological benefits. "Yin Chengjie said.

Ren Shuben, the former director of the China -San Assets Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, also believes that in the context of the "double carbon", focusing on intensive, industrialization, and high value, through technological innovation and typical leadership, it is important Reality.

Utilization quality urgently needs to improve the raw materialization and utilization rate is only 1%

Ren Shuben pointed out that the main paths of comprehensive use of straw at this stage include fertilizerization, feed, fuelization, base materials and raw materials. At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in my country has reached 87.6%, but from the perspective of the structure, direct return is its main use method, and the raw material utilization rate accounts for only 1%.

According to Yao Zonglu, since 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have arranged a total of 11.15 billion yuan in central financial funds to support more than 1,000 counties in more than 1,000 counties. At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in my country is no longer low, and some provinces and cities are more than 95%. For example, Beijing's comprehensive utilization rate exceeds 99%, and Hebei's comprehensive utilization rate exceeds 97%. However, from the perspective of the current status of the industry of straw, the use of straw away fields is still mainly based on small farmers. At present, there are 1,562 market entities with an annual utilization of 10,000 tons and above, accounting for 4.9%, mainly for feed and fuelization enterprises, distributed in Anhui, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places; There are 66 market entities with tons and above, accounting for only 0.2%. It is mainly based on fuelization and utilization enterprises, and is distributed in Anhui and Heilongjiang.

"At present, most straws are only used for returning fields, and the overall efficiency of the industrial chain is not high. It should be paid to the amount and quality of the use of straw, improve the scientific utilization level, and support high -value use." Yao Zonglu said.

High -value utilization pathway polystumin and anecroe acid fertilizer are hot spots

Before the "double carbon" background of the "double carbon" on August 4, before the report of the high -value utilization results report, Li Rongjie, chairman of Fengyuan Group, walked into the venue wearing a white shirt and blue pants. He pointed at the clothes on his body and said with a smile: "This body is made of polystumin."

The use of straw to produce clustering lactic acid is the long -term tackling direction of Fengyuan. "This is a degradable tableware supplied to the Beijing Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympic Games. The raw materials such as corn, straw and other biomass raw materials can be aggregated by fermentation. It is an environmentally friendly material; this pure polycyrrhiza board is made of straw, the result of carbon dioxide and water and light, without bacteria and patelin; this is the leather produced by us, a biological basal polyurethane. Both lactic acid polyol and lyylisocyanate are produced by biomass materials. The next step is to replace the chemical fiber base cloth. The entire leather can be made of straw, which can replace TDI and MDI ... "At the press conference, Li Rongjie was a treasure to reporters.

In addition to polystumin, straw can also be used to produce many high value -added products. Yao Zonglu pointed out that the path of high -value technology of straw is divided into three types: solid, liquid, and gaseous. Through biological carbon improvement, enzymatic glycation, fermentation and other channels, straw can produce biological base materials, including carbon -based fertilizer, energy storage material, polylactic acid, degradable ground membrane, and heastal fertilizer. Through sugar and sorted, ABE, carbon chain extension, and water -phase biological synthesis, straw can produce liquid fuel and chemicals such as ethanol, butanol, platform compounds, and high -quality fuel. Through dark fermentation, light fermentation, chemical catalytic and other channels, straw can produce clean energy such as natural gas and hydrogen. According to Liu Jialei, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, due to the re -use and light recycling, the linsea in some areas of the farmland in some areas in my country is serious, affecting soil permeability, crop growth and development, destroying the ecological environment, and becoming possible to restrict agricultural availability The bottleneck of continuous development. In this context, the development of biodegradable ground membrane is imminent. The polyal acid produced by straw can become a raw material for degraded membranes. "We found in Xinjiang Shizi cotton planting experiments that compared with traditional polyethylene galcoster, polymapilic acid degradation, the consensus rate, increased by 20%of the water retention, and the ability to control weeds can meet the basic requirements of cotton production. It provides a new direction for the development of agricultural membranes. "Liu Jialei said.

Yao Zonglu also stated that straw can be produced through steps such as crushing homogeneous quality, softening of acid -alkali, quality and oxygen/anaerobic fermentation, which are widely used in agricultural planting, especially fruits and vegetables and flower planting. The annual output of domestic anecology fertilizer is about 1.9 million tons, and demand is greater than supply. The main manufacturers are distributed in Shandong and Northwest, of which the annual output of companies such as Shandong Quanlin Jiayou, Shandong Wanrui Ecology, and Dacheng of Shaanxi exceeds 100,000 tons. In addition, it is also a future trend to develop high -value transformation of industrial by -products to develop a glycry from the production of straw process sugar processing processes. Fengyuan Group's 10,000 -ton industrial demonstration project adopted this technology is expected to be tried and put into production in mid -late August this year.

"In addition, we are still developing straw production fuel ethanol technology. my country currently has 800 million to 900 million tons of straw and 1 billion tons of agricultural and forestry waste. Based on Fengyuan's technical achievements It can produce 200 million tons of biological sources and 200 million tons of biomass materials. The full use of the value of straw can be supported, which can provide support for oil safety and "double carbon" goal. "Li Rongjie said.

Experts propose industrial development suggestions to expect cost reduction, process breakthrough, policy support

In response to the development of the high value of straw, the participating experts also made suggestions.

"We also have to see that the use of straw raw materialization industries is facing challenges." Ren Shuben said that one is that the production of straw raw materials is decentralized, and there is a large gap between the level and cost of straw collection and transportation in different regions. , Thus conducive to extensive copying applications. The second is that the efficiency of the raw materialization of straw is generally low, and the replacement cost compared with fossil -based products is high. It is urgent to break through new technological technical breakthroughs or solve the scale benefits. Third, in the boom of the development of biological economy, the rapid iteration of technology and increasingly fierce competition must be made to prevent scientific arguments to prevent a coax.

Yin Chengjie mentioned that it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of the comprehensive utilization of crop straw at all levels, especially to deepen the understanding of straw resources and its industrial positioning; take effective measures to reduce the cost of deep processing and utilization of straw, increase added value and economy Benefits; scientific and technological innovation of comprehensive utilization of straw, apply modern information technology and even digital technology to improve efficiency and quality; it is recommended to formulate policies and measures to support comprehensive use of straw, and provide support for fiscal and tax policies.

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