GDP countdown Gansu turned out to be a large chip province?

When the west played high -tech.

Wen | Chinese Shang Tao Zhang Jingbo

Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi ...

On the development of the industrial economy in the western region, you may not first think of industries such as high -tech, especially chips, but the facts are increasingly beyond the imagination of most people.

【01】

What if the chip output of chip production (packaging and testing) in mainland China is ranked, what will happen?

I believe most people think that it must be the eastern coastal areas. The fact is basically the same, but there are some exceptions, but more than the imagination of most people.

For example, Gansu is amazing.

Prior to 2020, Gansu became an important pole of the national chip industry with its advantages in the field of chip packaging testing, and its finished chip output continued to lead.

In the past two years, in the statistics of the relevant departments of Gansu Province and the National Bureau of Statistics, Gansu chip production has also been far ahead. In 2021, Gansu's integrated circuit output was 64.3 billion yuan, ranking second among mainland provinces and cities.

▲ Data source: National Bureau of Statistics

Gansu? Yes!

Most people's understanding of Gansu basically stays at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Mogao Grottoes, or Hexi Corridor.

In the long history of China, the Geographical Corridor, the Hexi Corridor to the Western Regions, carries too many empires and grievances.

From 138 BC, Emperor Hanwu summoned Zhang Jian in Ganquan Palace. By 609 AD, Emperor Sui Yang held the World Expo in Zhishan. The Hexi Corridor from depression to prosperity, and then from prosperity to depression ... constantly experienced reincarnation.

This several times has witnessed the geographical channel of China's historical rise and decline, and it is in Gansu Province.

But in modern times, with the withering of the Silk Road, the hustle and bustle of business has now been able to hear insects, as if telling the embarrassment of Gansu Province in the national economic map.

It was not until 2021 that GDP in Gansu Province only exceeded the 1 trillion yuan mark for the first time, ranking 29th in the country. The per capita GDP ranks first in the country.

It is such a GDP ranking in the western provinces, but in the field of integrated circuits in our most stuck neck, it has achieved the second place in mainland China. This has to be said to be a miracle.

This miracle began in 1969.

【02】

In 1969, Americans first boarded the moon. One of the power behind the human landing of the moon is an integrated circuit.

In the age of that semiconductor and integrated circuit, the technical gap between China and the United States was not too large. In order to accelerate the development of integrated circuits, the central ministries and commissions and the country have also set off a round of factories.

For example, the Fourth Ministry of Machinery Industry (referred to as the Four Machinery Department) has built a lot of integrated circuit professional factories.

At that time, it coincided with China's large -scale three -line construction, many factories moved from the coast to the Mainland. Gansu was selected by the Four Machine Ministry.

In the year the United States successfully landed on the moon, the Four Machinery Department established the Yonghong Equipment Factory (749) and Tianguang Integrated Circuit (871) in Qin'an, Gansu.

These integrated circuit factories actually produce various models of electronic components, circuit boards, etc., to support the Chinese aerospace industry such as Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

In the more than 20 years since its establishment, the 749 and 871 plants have been unhappy.

Until the reform and opening up, the two major integrated circuit companies in Gansu were pushed to the market, and in fierce competition, it fell into an unprecedented predicament.

By 1994, the Yonghong Factory had a cumulative loss of tens of millions of yuan, and wages could not be paid for three consecutive months. Everyone is asking: Where is the way out of the factory?

This is not only the confusion of Yonghong Factory, but also the confusion of many companies during the reform of state -owned enterprises in the 1990s.

At that time, a large number of state -owned enterprises were on the verge of bankruptcy, and the waves of laid -offs were here. However, many companies have traveled through the blood of corpses. They survived and continued to grow. They all have a common characteristic:

There is a strong helm.

For example, Gree's Zhu Jianghong, Weichai's Tan Xuguang, and so on.

Yonghong Factory also has such a strong helm. At the end of 1994, 48 -year -old Xiao Shengli was appointed director of Yonghong Factory. This appointment changed the Yonghong Factory.

At the beginning of his appointment, Xiao Shengli went deep into the front line, understood the current status of production, and finally made a bold decision: concentrate the only funds at the time and put into the development of integrated circuit packaging production lines.

In the age when most people did not know what chip was, Xiao Shengli's decision was a gambling.

But he was reckless. At an employee congress, he used a report of "Sailing Sailing, Backwriting, and Revisiting the" Eternal Red "report, sounding the horn of the battle.

In order to clear the obstacles on the road, Xiao Shengli announced eight measures such as laid -off diversion and reduction of employment and efficiency.

At the same time, he continued to run on the road while striving for policies and funding support from relevant provincial and municipal departments, while learning to introduce advanced integrated circuit production lines.

During this period, Yonghong Factory moved from Qin An to Tianshui, and after reorganization, it was renamed Huatian Technology and was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

The listing became Huatian's performance accelerator. Since 2007, Huatian has quickly jumped into a chip packaging test giant in mainland China and seventh in the world from a local enterprise.

At that time, the seeds of the four machines in Gansu, the seeds of the sour, have now become a towering tree.

In 2021, Huatian Technology achieved revenue of 12 billion yuan, which is the number one contributor to Gansu to become the big chip province. The revenue of 12 billion seems to be not much, but for the small city of Tianshui, it is equivalent to the 1/6.76 -year -old Xiao Shengli of its GDP. It is still struggling to fight on the front line. Create the first brand in the Chinese chip packaging industry.

In addition to Huatian Technology, there are many semiconductor companies in Gansu.

For example, there is the same background as Huatian Technology and has a history of more than 40 years of history.

They supported a day of Gansu semiconductor.

Although Gansu's chip production ranks second, it mainly relies on packaging and testing. Most of them are low -end chips, and the industrial chain needs to be improved urgently.

However, for the west that lacks high -tech industries in the past, the rise of the Gansu chip industry is undoubtedly a positive signal.

Especially, today, when Moore's law is approaching the limit, chip packaging is becoming more and more important. Including Apple, Huawei, and Intel are actively trying this new packaging method for chip stacking.

In this sense, chip packaging has laid a solid foundation for the development of Gansu's future in the semiconductor industry.

【03】

In western China, Huatian Technology is not the only integrated circuit plant.

Xi'an High -tech Industrial Development Zone, which is 350 kilometers away, is located in a modern chip factory -Xi'an Samsung Semiconductor Factory, which mainly produces storage chips.

▲ Source: Samsung Semiconductor

Samsung is the world's largest storage chip manufacturer, and the flash memory chips produced by Xi'an account for more than 15%of the world's capacity. It is the world's largest flash chip manufacturing base.

Interestingly, in order to compete for the Samsung semiconductor project, Chongqing and Xi'an had fierce competition.

Chongqing, which has the Yangtze River channel, was the first choice for Samsung. According to media reports, at the time, Samsung scored 95.5 points for Chongqing, while Xi'an was only 75 points, which was different.

However, a subsequent earthquake in Chongqing's officialdom affected Samsung's judgment to some extent. Xi'an's desire for the project has made Samsung move more.

On February 8, 2012, Xi'an in the cold wind was pierced.

When Samsung Electronic President Jin Zhongzhong walked into the courtyard of the Provincial Party Committee, he met the rain and came to meet his then Secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee Zhao Leji.

This scene made Samsung Electronics feel the sincerity of Shaanxi.

Everything is logical, signing, founding, and building factories ... Xi'an Semiconductor Factory became the largest project in Samsung Electronics at that time.

Xi'an, therefore became a pearl on the semiconductor territory of China. As of now, Samsung's investment in Xi'an has reached $ 15 billion.

Since Samsung's mobile phone is defeated in the Chinese market, many people think that Samsung has been in China in China, but in mainland China semiconductor industry, Samsung is still a powerful force.

If it is said that the western region is only an important force in mainland China in the production and packaging test of chip, then on the single crystal silicon, the western region has a world -class dominance.

In the past ten years, many companies headed by Longji have built Ningxia Yinchuan into the world's largest single crystal silicon manufacturing base.

These single crystal silicon, both photovoltaic -grade silicon tablets for solar cells and semiconductor -grade silicon tablets. For example, in Yinchuan in 2018, one of the country's largest integrated circuit large silicon wafer projects.

The Chinese semiconductor industry has long been subject to people, and the materials such as silicon wafers have long been imported from Japan. The Ningxia large silicon wafer project fills the gap in domestic large silicon wafers.

Although the transportation in the western region is inconvenient, the cheap power, land and other resources here are attracting more and more companies to settle in.

In 2006, when the eastern coastal area of ​​the photovoltaic industry, Longji led by Li Zhenguo took a different approach and laid the first pile on the remote Ningxia Gobi Beach to produce single crystal silicon.

For a long time, the western region is famous for its remote and poverty, and it seems to be a little bit of high technology.

But now, with the development of Huatian Technology, Samsung Semiconductor, Longji and other companies, from Gansu, Shaanxi to Ningxia ... a high -tech industrial cluster from the upstream silicon material of the chip to the bottom of the chip is formed.

【04】

The eyes turned from the northwest to the southwest, and the "core" tide was still surging.

In Chengdu, Sichuan, as the chip international giant Intel built the world's largest chip packaging test center here, a chip industry cluster with an increasingly complete industrial chain is also rising.

Intel's Chengdu plant is Intel's world's largest chip packaging test center, and one of its three major wafers and processing plants in the world. The chip that is transported from here is configured on a laptop computer in more than half of the world. According to customs data, the import and export value of Intel Products (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. in 2019 was US $ 29.799 billion, ranking fourth among China's Fortune 500.

It is not just the Intel family who settled in Chengdu.

In the field of wafer manufacturing, the Texas Instrument Chengdu Factory is the world's only world -class manufacturing base in the world's only wafer manufacturing, processing, and packaging test in Texas instruments.

In the field of IC design, Chengdu has cultivated Haiguang, Zhenxin, Thunderbolt, Huayi, Huayi, Yingnoda, etc., and introduced 23 companies such as Zhuo Shengwei and Huada. 100 million yuan.

In the field of equipment and materials, Chengdu gathered companies such as Changchuan Technology, Lepup Technology, Huaxingyuanchuang, Huafeng Surveying and Control, Aifa, ASM and other companies. Data show that in 2021, more than 160 integrated circuit companies in Chengdu High -tech Zone achieved an output value of 133.27 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5%year -on -year. The industrial scale ranked first in the country and ranked first in central western regions.

In Chongqing not far away, many international semiconductor manufacturers have also been assembled, including SK Hynix, Pingwei Industrial, Jia Lingxin and other sealing testing plants; NXP, Ziguang Zhanrui, Nakamoto Microelectronics, Weitsen, Zhongkexinxin, and China Kotichea IC design factories such as Yida, Yatli Technology, Southwest Chongqing, Xixinmai, Ferri Technology, Wuli Technology, etc.; as well as China Resources Microelectronics, Zhongke Yukin, AOS IWC semiconductor, Ziguang DRAM storage chip, Xinxin quantum, etc. Manufacturer.

On October 29, 2020, the signing of the strategic cooperation between the electronic information industry of the Shuangcheng Economic Circle in Chengdu -Chongqing area and the deepening cooperation summit was held in Yibin, Sichuan. Based on the principles of "overall planning, joint promotion, complementary advantages, mutual benefit and win -win", they will give full play to their advantages, industries, and resources to jointly cultivate the world -class industrial cluster of electronic information.

In the 1990s, Michael Potter, a professor of business school in Harvard University in the United States, put forward the theory of industrial cluster through observation of reality. Its meaning is:

In a specific area, a large number of related companies have gathered to reduce costs through specialized production and form a scale effect, external effects and competitiveness.

For example, 380 industrial clusters in the United States have contributed 60%of the national output value.

In China, there are similar industrial clusters, but it is mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas.

Although industrial clusters can greatly reduce costs and improve efficiency, excessive industrial clusters are not beneficial, and sometimes even endanger the security and stability of the industrial chain.

For example, the 311 earthquake in Japan in 2011 has severely damaged the global semiconductor industry because Japan monopolized many semiconductor materials.

In the past year, one of the global lack of cores, one of the sources, is also the weather in Texas in the United States.

If these are just foreign cases, then the impact of the Shanghai epidemic in the first half of 2022 on the national automotive and semiconductor industry can be described as painful.

One of the solutions is to relieve the industrial chain. Do not put all the eggs in a basket.

In the 1960s and 1970s, in the international situation, my country launched a three -line construction of large -scale industrial migration.

Despite many projects, in the process of reform and opening up and marketization, they fell into losses and bankruptcy, but they largely promoted the economic and social development of the western region of my country to a large extent.

Today, with Huatian Technology, Samsung Semiconductor, Longji, and more and more industry giants built new production capacity in the west, it is becoming a hot land here, and it is constantly brewing the second miracle of Gansu jumping in mainland chips.

For those companies in Southeast Asia and India, due to the surge in land and human costs, and are planning to migrate production capacity to Southeast Asia and India, China's vast western region undoubtedly provides another choice for them.

In this process, the west will not only obtain production capacity, but also play an increasingly important "spare tire" role in high -tech industries like chips.

When the west has played high -tech, the space and toughness of China's economic growth will be unprecedented.

【Reference Information】

[1] "In order to be better tomorrow -Xiao Shengli, Chairman of Tianshui Huatian Electronics Group" Gansu Daily

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