How can Sichuan and Chongqing solve the "dilemma" of high temperature electricity?

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Shi Qingchuan | Chongqing report

Beginning in August, the hot weather has burned Sichuan and Chongqing. In the top ten lists of the highest temperature in many days, Sichuan and Chongqing directly "slaughtered the list".

With the continuous "increase" of high temperature weather, the demand for electricity between the two places has also risen. On the one hand, it is due to the demand for people's livelihood with high temperatures, and on the other hand, the power company's power companies that are continuously evaporated by the water storage capacity are almost cut off, and the supply of power supply will usher in the "big test".

On August 18, a "requiring letter" of the Shanghai Economic and Information Commission pushed himself with Sichuan power supply to the forefront. This originated from August 15th, Sichuan Province decided to implement the production of all industrial power users (including the key guarantee enterprise including the white list) in the orderly power solution of the Sichuan power grid from now. Electricity Yu people. Under such circumstances, the five pillar industries in Sichuan include electronic information, equipment manufacturing, food and beverages, advanced materials and energy chemicals, which will inevitably affect the pressure of lack of raw materials in Shanghai related downstream industries.

Then on August 17, Chongqing launched a first -level plan for orderly power consumption to expand the scope of industrial enterprises to make electricity in the implementation scope of the people, for 7 days.

However, after August 20, Sichuan Province's electricity supply is still tight, and the suspension of industrial production enterprises has been postponed for 5 days. On August 21, the Chongqing Municipal Economic and Information Commission issued an emergency notice that starting from August 22, the business hours of various shopping malls were adjusted to 16: 00-21: 00 every day. There are 579 shopping malls involved in the full 20 -page emergency notice.

With the promotion of various "order -powered" schemes, the tight power supply is gradually relieved. However, the tension caused by high temperature weather has also exposed the problem of energy protection. How can we break the situation when facing the rising demand for electricity?

Almost all shopping malls in Chengdu turned off the lights and air conditioners, which seemed a little empty.

Almost all office buildings in Chengdu have stopped the central air conditioner, and the office can only rely on fans and ice.

2164 companies sign the peak peak response agreement

Although a large number of industrial enterprises in Sichuan have made electricity to the people to the maximum extent, Xiaoguang, who lives in Qingbaijiang District, Chengcheng City, has once again ushered in a 12 -hour power outage.

The information received by Xiaoguang showed that the starting time of the power outage was 16:25 on August 23, and the power delivery time was 4:25 on August 24. These 12 hours happened to be the most electricity after returning home. The reason for the power outage is "processing the heating defect of the 10kV switching station V9111 knife gate".

Since August, such power outages have occurred many times, and most of them have no power outages. The power -offs for a few hours are becoming part of life.

"It's so hot now, the line is definitely easy to be short -circuited." Xiaoguang, who worked in government departments, was the earliest batch of Chengdu to join the power saving. "Starting from the 15th, every day's aisle is black, except for all outdoor lights of the office. In fact, before that, the institutional unit was advocating power saving, and the temperature of the air conditioner has been tuned very high."

Wen Qi, who works in Wuhou District, Chengdu, is basically the same. "Our district is relatively good. This building has only stopped 3 times from July since July. Once it was stopped for a whole day in July, and the other twice was short. . Other office locations in the company have allowed employees to work at home because of saving electricity. "Despite this, the office building where Wen Qi is located also stops the lighting and air conditioning of the corridor. Six elevators in the building are going to get off work at work. At the peak, only 4 of them were opened, and even one of them was leisure.

Sichuan Province's "orderly power consumption" began in July. As early as July 7, the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on the Policy of the Sichuan Power Power Grid Trial Active Mistakes and Display Electricity Price Policy" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), encouraging and guiding industrial users to actively avoid peak electricity. The notice states that if the peak of electricity consumption is encountered from 10:00 to 22:00, the agreed response period will start after 23:00. At that time, the "Notice" issued a week, and the State Grid Chengdu Power Supply Company signed an active peak peak -to -load response agreement with 2164 companies. But now it seems that the peak production at that time did not alleviate the reduction of power generation and the high superposition of power consumption demand. The contradiction between power supply and demand seemed to be exceeded expectations.

The water level of the Jialing River has continued to decline, and some riverbeds can be seen.

How should Sichuan respond to the drought flood season?

So how much is the power supply and demand gap in Sichuan in the past two months?

From the perspective of the supply side, according to public information, Sichuan's power generation in 2021 was 453.033 billion kilowatt -hours, 327.5 billion kWh of self -use, 125.53 billion kWh of delivery, and 28%of the outlets.

Sichuan Province is also known as a large hydropower province. At the end of 2021, Sichuan Province's hydropower installed capacity reached 88.87 million kilowatts, accounting for 77.7%. Last year, the capacity of hydropower installed capacity and annual power generation ranked first in the country. Due to the continuous high temperature this year, the river basin was arid. As of August 15, the water storage capacity of the reservoir in Sichuan Province was 50%lower than the historical average, and the average daily rate continued to decline. The power generation situation in Sichuan Province caused a huge blow.

Judging from the demand side, because high temperature stimulated the use of air conditioners, the amount of residential power in July increased by 26.8%year -on -year, and the year -on -year increase in the first half of 2022 was 9.6%.

In other words, the growth rate of residents' electricity demand has doubled in the case of power supply. After removing the electricity of the delivery, the power supply is even more stretched.

On August 20, the Sichuan Economic and Information Department and the State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company once again issued the "Urgent Notice on Expanding Industrial Enterprises to Enable the People in the People's Republic of China". All industrial power users in the Sichuan Power Grid order By 24:00 on August 25.

And this has also triggered the external concerns. If the drought weather continues, the precipitation does not reach expectations. Will Sichuan, which is mainly hydropower, will stop production delay?

"The main cause of the extreme high temperature weather this year is the phenomenon of El Nino -La Nina." Li Yangbing, a professor at the School of Geography, Chongqing Normal University, told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly", "Due to the phenomenon of El Nino, accompanied by the emergence of extreme high -temperature weather, the rich water period of the river in previous years did not have no water period. Precipitation. In order to prevent the occurrence of drought and flood staggered weather and climate events under the phenomenon of El Nino, the relevant departments may have a small amount of floods before the high temperature, so as to leave room for subsequent possible precipitation. "

In June of this year, the Three Gorges Jinsha River Chuanyun Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. issued a flood discharge announcement that according to the "Approval of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee on the Golden Shajiang Wudongde, Baihe Beach, Xiludu, and Xiangjiaba Reservoir in 2022" Dispatching Plan for Dispatching Plan for Disposal Plan "in 2022" It is required that Xiluo and Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station will undertake the corresponding flood control tasks in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, and the flood discharge facilities will be used in the flood season.

The plants downstairs in a community in the South Bank District of Chongqing have become yellow due to high temperature.

How big is Chongqing's power supply and demand gap?

Sichuan's power supply has also spread to Chongqing, whose tight power supply has spread to high temperature weather.

On August 21, the Chongqing Economic and Information Commission issued an emergency notice that starting from August 22, the business hours of 579 shopping malls in Chongqing were adjusted to 16: 00-21: 00 per day. Announce the end time.

This also made Qiu Jinlong, who was going to find a cool place to eat lunch, ate a closed door. Qiu Jinlong is the head of the virtual power plant project of Caihongjin Industrial Group, and its target customer base is just a mall property. After seeing the adjustment of the shopping mall business time, Qiu Jinlong said with a mockery: "The money made during this time has to be reduced." Because Caihongjin Industrial Group's business model is to purchase electricity through the power trading market, and then sold to mall property, so Half of the business hours of shopping malls have a significant impact on its operating income.

In addition to malls, Chongqing also launched other order -based electricity solutions. The reporter saw that in Chongqing's rail transit line, many trains closed the lighting in the carriage, and the carriage was also divided into a strong cold area (normal air conditioning) and weak cold zone (no air conditioning or high temperature). At the same time, the elevators in the station are all one -way operation, and the elevators in the lower direction are shut down. The passengers need to take the stairs by themselves.

The elevator in the mall is only one -way

In terms of industrial enterprises, Chongqing also calls on some industrial enterprises to let electricity in the people and stop working on holidays. According to incomplete statistics, Pangang Group Chongqing Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., Yier Shuangfeng, Zhengxin Rubber Chongqing Factory, Changan Automobile Production Line, Hongxi Technology Chongqing Production Line, Chongqing Kangjia Optoelectronics and other production and processing enterprises have been suspended Have a holiday.

Unlike Sichuan Province, which is based on hydropower -based power supply patterns, Chongqing's power supply is mainly thermal power. Statistics show that in 2021, Chongqing thermal power generation accounts for 72.38%. The power supply gap is more from this year's strong electricity demand and the follow -up issues that Chongqing can invest in bankruptcy and reorganization.

Earlier, Chongqing Electric Power Company predicted at the beginning of the year that the maximum load of the section of Chongqing Power Grid this year was about 26 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.8%year -on -year. Chongqing coal energy expert Li Beiling also predicted to reporters earlier this year: "Even if the potential for issuing and out -of -purchase purchase in the inside, Chongqing will still have about 1.8 million kilowatts of electric power hard gaps. How to fill this gap is a big problem. It is a big problem. This may cause power limit during peak hours. "

Chongqing Electric Power Corporation also issued an early warning saying: "Chongqing's power supply pressure this year is unprecedented."

However, with the continuity of high temperature weather and the "chopping" of Sichuan power generation, although Chongqing, which has expected use of electricity, is prepared, was caught by surprise.

The darkness of the Chongqing Metro Station is dark

The initial results of "orderly power consumption" are promoted by all parties

"At present, we will take advantage of both sides of supply and demand to relieve the power gap and relieve the power gap." The relevant person in charge of the Chongqing Economic and Information Commission said that on the supply side, Chongqing strives to do coal storage, ensure natural gas, water storage and power generation, etc. While grasping the operation and scheduling scheduling of 89 power -adjustment plants, 135 power points such as small hydropower, local power grids, and self -reserved power plants in the city increase the potential for increasing the potential for supplying confession; To connect Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningjiang and other provinces and regions, national power grid companies, and the Three Gorges Group, etc., they do everything possible to strive for foreign purchase support; in strengthening the supply of electricity and coal insurance, Chongqing actively strives for support from relevant enterprises such as the National Development and Reform Commission, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Jiangjiang, and other provinces and regions. Fully coordinate the support of electric coal resources and capacity protection to achieve steady growth of electric coal inventory.

The reduction of shopping malls also saves a lot of electricity. Qiu Jinlong revealed to the reporter of "China Economic Weekly" that in general, a large shopping mall consumes a power consumption of 15 million degrees a year. If it is calculated on a day, the average of about 20,000 to 60,000 degrees per day. After Chongqing's 579 shopping malls are halved this time, it can save about 6 million yuan per day. Sichuan province is also working hard to advance. State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company staff told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly" that they are currently a 7 × 24 -hour working system. Because high temperature weather is more likely to have power equipment failures. Solve the problem immediately.

Tan Hongen, chairman of the State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, also said at the Energy Supply Confession Conference that the power -saving operation of the whole society has achieved certain results in the near future. The current actual power load has dropped from 59.1 million kilowatts of the highest peak to more than 4,700 Ten thousand kilowatts. He also revealed that the Yazhenjiang Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. delayed the third stage of water storage of Lianghekou Hydropower Station, and the amount of 580 million cubic meters of water that was stored in June and about 3 billion cubic meters of water from the cross section of the two rivers since July 1st all the water from the water. Used for electricity protection. During the most tense peak load period of electricity, the two river mouths and Yangfanggou hydropower stations in the middle reaches of the Yajie River were coordinated, and the downstream Jinguan Power Group and Erdan Hydropower Station were running.

In addition to hydropower, thermal power has also been quickly remedied. Chengdu's only large -scale thermal power plant Jintang Power Plant has been maintaining a full time for more than a month. Tan Hongen introduced that the outside world also entered Sichuan to support electricity to the greatest extent, and currently has achieved the largest and best support for foreign support. By the implementation of the flexible scheduling of the Debao regular DC, it has increased the power of 550 million kilowatt -hours of electricity in Shaanxi since July. Daily support for Sichuan has reached 130 million kilowatt -hours of electricity, and all electricity has entered the Sichuan channel to maximize the use. From Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu and other 13 provinces (cities) emergency departure tram emergency support to Sichuan to improve emergency power supply guarantee capabilities in special circumstances.

State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company staff completed the task of charging operations, and the power staff was soaked.

Electricity revelation in extreme weather

"The El Nino -Rana phenomenon sometimes comes up with each other. This year, there is a high probability that the" triple "Rana is likely." Li Yangbing analyzed that although the summer is very hot, the cold winter may occur this winter. In other words, how hot it is in summer, how cold it may be in winter.

Although the power consumption demand in summer has been relieved through "order use", the tension caused by the tension caused by extreme weather has to attract attention. If the cold winter occurs this year, the heating demand will skyrocket, and the power supply in winter will once again face the "big test". In today's rapid development of new energy sources, is there a chance to get rid of the weather conditions that have received excessive dependence on hydropower?

Xia Yuezhu, a co -director of the Asia -Pacific corporate rating of the Asia -Pacific region, believes unlikely. She analyzed that the power generation cost of the provinces and regions and municipalities in China is closely related to its fuel structure. The installation structure is determined by the endowment of the resource. Sichuan's resource advantages are good water resources, weak light and wind resources, and it is difficult to replace the current hydropower shoulders. The function of "West East" (send Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai).

Li Beiling also analyzed: "The large development of clean energy such as scenery and hydropower is due to the weather conditions, which will temporarily bring the security problems and unstable power supply of power grid, threatening the safety of the modern energy system centered on power. Increase the power and energy storage technology application of deep peak adjustment. "

Feng Yongsheng, an associate researcher at the Institute of Finance and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said: "It is necessary to understand the power market from a capacity perspective. In theory, orderly power consists of a market model, but the requirements for pricing policy levels are very high."

How to understand the power market from the perspective of capacity, Feng Yongsheng pointed out in an interview with the media that the capacity guarantee capacity is manifested in two aspects. One is the sufficientness of power capacity. The sufficient power capacity does not necessarily mean that there is sufficient capacity in the local area, but it can be provided by mutual benefit, that is, considering the power guarantee capabilities from the macro perspective of the power system. The second is the flexibility of power capacity. Many local resources are lacking, and it is difficult to ensure that there is sufficient adjustment capabilities to support changes in power loads. "From the perspective of power guarantee, the focus of the construction of the power market in Sichuan and Chongfeng should be considered as a consideration to improve the overall power capacity protection capacity."

Responsible editor | Guo Yiyao

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