Adhere to the foundation of grain safety of Chinese characteristics to build a large country of food security
Author:Guangming Daily Time:2022.06.20
Author: Pound (Professor of Northeast Asia Research Center of Jilin University)
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "food security is the big of the country '", "there must be no paralysis on the issue of grain safety", "we must plan ahead, and always tighten the string of food security." These important discussions provide us to fundamentally follow the current and future food safety work and effectively ensure national food security. Safe food security is a major issue that is related to the long -term stability of the country. It is necessary to adhere to the road of food security with Chinese characteristics and build a foundation for grain security.
deeply understand the severe situation and significance of grain security of great powers
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "protecting the supply of primary products is a major strategic issue, and the Chinese rice bowl must be firmly in their own hands." As a large country with more than 1.4 billion people, ensuring food security is a top priority for governing the country for governing the country. It must be in danger, adhere to the bottom line of thinking, and enhance the awareness of anxiety. It is necessary to realize that my country's food supply and demand is still in a "tight balance" state, the supply of grain varieties, the supply of structural supply, the self -innovation capabilities of the seed industry needs to be improved, and some agricultural products still exist on the high degree of existence. In recent times, in the face of complex and changing domestic and international environment, the internal and external situations facing my country's development have become increasingly complicated and severe. The more wind and rain, the more stormy, the more you need to tighten the string of food safety, and effectively improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and build the foundation of food security.
From the research and judgment of domestic demand, my country's grain has a structural contradiction between supply and demand. Since the reform and opening up, the demand for food consumption in my country has gradually changed from "eating" to "eating well", and it has also caused two pairs of structural contradictions in the relationship between food supply and demand. First, the contradiction between the overcapacity of the low -end output and the lack of high -end supply, and the second is the contradiction between the safety of ration and the improvement of improvement. By 2035, my country's per capita GDP will reach the level of medium -developed countries. The continuous growth of residents' income will inevitably lead to further upgrading of food consumption structure to high -quality improvement demand, and the structural contradictions between food supply and demand will become more prominent.
From the domestic supply and judgment, the room for increasing grain production is facing hard constraints. First, the area of cultivated land continues to decrease. The cultivated land is the foundation of ensuring food safety, and it is the bottom of our family to eat. The third national land survey data shows that my country's existing cultivated land area is getting closer and closer. The second is that the quality of cultivated land has declined significantly. Due to the high intensity, the basic land of my country's arable land has also declined. Northeast black land degradation, southern cultivated land acidification, and saline and alkaliization in the north are particularly prominent. Third, farmers are not enthusiastic about planting grain. Food is a special product, with high social benefits but relatively low economic benefits, and farmers' enthusiasm for planting grain. In some rural areas, cultivated land, "non -agricultural chemicals", and "non -graining" in cultivated land.
From the international supply and judgment, the stability of the international food supply chain is not optimistic. The spread of the new crown pneumonia's epidemic and the continuous tension of the international situation has greatly impact and influence the global food supply system. The international grain prices have fluctuated significantly, bringing uncertainty to the world's grain security. Some agricultural products in my country, such as soybeans, dependence on imports, and high concentrations of import objects. The changes in the international situation will inevitably have a greater impact on my country's grain imports, which will affect the stability and safety of my country's grain supply.
Multiple measures to build a large country of food security
In the face of reality, we must be based on domestic protection of food self -sufficiency and firmly maintain the bottom line of food safety. Food problems must not be relaxed. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "It is necessary to carry the heavy responsibility of stabilizing food safety. Ensure important agricultural products, especially food supply." From the perspective of implementation paths, it is necessary to take the road of grain in the ground, hiding grain, compact grain safety responsibilities, and strengthen policy support to take the road of grain security with Chinese characteristics and build a large foundation for grain security.
Implement the strategy of Tibetan food in the ground, and effectively improve the level of farming. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "it is necessary to prevent the red line of 1.8 billion acres of cultivated land, and adopt hard measures for long teeth to implement the strictest arable land protection system." The first is to strictly observe the red line of cultivated land. The red line of cultivated land is the dam that guarantees the grain. It is necessary to implement the strictest arable land protection system, preserve the quality of permanent basic farmland, and ensure that the area of permanent basic farmland is not reduced, quality improvement, and stable layout. The second is to improve the quality of cultivated land. Vigorously implement the project of cultivated land quality protection and improvement, and increase the protection of cultivated land protection and land to the "three earth and three systems" systematic projects with a single nutrition system to a nutritional system, pollution system, and ecosystem. The third is to expand the supply of effective arable land. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land red line must be kept, and 500 million mu of saline -alkali land must be fully developed and utilized." To implement the salt -alkali land renovation project, strengthen the comprehensive governance of saline -alkali land, it will have 200 million acres of cultivated land potential. " "Earth" transformed into high -standard cultivated land. The fourth is to establish a big food concept. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "realize the balance of supply and demand of various types of food and better meet the people's increasingly diversified food consumption needs." It is necessary to further actively promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, adapt to local conditions, and due to the potential to the restraint of the resources of the arable land. The source of grain space should be expanded from cultivated land resources to the entire land and resources, and from the land to land to the land to rivers and lakes.
The implementation of food hiding in the technical strategy and inserting "wings of technology" for food safety. To solve the problem of eating, the way out is in technology, and the first is the industry technology. Seeds are the "chip" of agriculture. Seed resources are strategic resources to ensure food safety and fundamental guarantee for agricultural scientific and technological innovation. The government should increase investment in funds and talents, and strengthen the development of high -yield, salt -resistant, cold -resistant, drought -resistant, and drought -resistant varieties by carried out basic cutting -edge research on the field of seed industry and the joint research of major technologies to narrow the gap with developed countries. The seed industry innovation system with agricultural technology enterprises as its main body has laid the foundation for independent innovation for the long -term sustainable development of the seed industry technology research and development. Responsibilities layer by layer and implementation of food safety work. Grain security is an important cornerstone for maintaining economic development, social stability, and national security. Grain security work is both an economic issue, but also strategic issues, development issues, and political issues. It must not fully push food security issues to the market, and let the market mechanism play a role. It is necessary to compact the main responsibility and play a role in the government. On the one hand, we must implement the same responsibility of the party and government of food security. Tighten the responsibilities of the main body, refine the implementation of the target tasks, and the responsibility of conducting pressure. On the other hand, we must strictly implement the priority of the use of arable land. Categorized the use of arable land. In principle, high -standard farmland must be used for grain production. For general arable land, the demand for rations and edible agricultural products must be met. Activity.
Strengthen policy support and increase the enthusiasm of farmers' grain planting. Grain has obvious attributes of quasi -public items, and has three national security functions of quantitative safety, quality and safety, and national and people's sovereignty. It must strengthen support for support from the national policy level. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Rural Working Conference: "Mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to plant grain is to make farmers grow money to earn money." my country has high cost production costs and low efficiency, and many places even lose money in the year. The enthusiasm of grain brings hidden dangers to the sustainability of national food security. To build a national food security system must be unified with improving farmers' grain income, comprehensively implement a package of policies and measures such as subsidies, rewards, and finance, innovate management methods, optimize the implementation of grain income subsidy policies, strengthen financial insurance policy support, realize agricultural development, grain production increasing food production increase Coordinated with farmers' income.
The people take food as the heaven, and the country is grain. The safety of food is connected to the national strategy and the people live in the people. We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping's thoughts of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, adhere to the road of food security with Chinese characteristics, build the foundation of grain security in large countries, always firmly stabilize Chinese rice bowls, and provide strong support for the high -quality development of the economy and society. Essence
【Edit: Tang Weini】
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