On the Gongga Mountains, they pursue the impact traces of climate change

Scientific examination point: Observation test station of Gangga Mountain Ecosystem of Gongga Mountain at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Scientific test task: Following scientific researchers in different research directions into dense forests and exploring glaciers in order to capture the traces of global warming from different perspectives

In the summer season, the heat wave rolled. At the peak season of scientific examinations, science and technology workers were dispatched. At the observation test station of Gangga Mountain Ecosystem of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, researchers have worked for more than a week.

Gongga Mountain is the highest peak of Hengduan Mountain, and it is known as the "King of Shushan". Its canyon is rare. 6500 meters, which also created a variety of ecosystem landscapes: subtropical evergreen broad -leaved forest, needle wide mixed forests, coniferous forests, alpine shrubs, alpine meadows, alpine stream stone beach sparse vegetation zone, high mountain ice and snow belt step distribution distribution ... Make this here the "natural laboratory" of studying mountain animals and plants, soil, hydrology, climate, and glaciers.

Aerial Aerial 3,000 -meter -level Chinese Academy of Sciences Gongga Mountain Gaoshan Ecosystem Observation Test Station Sanying Wild Observation Station.

From July 10th to 14th, the Sichuan Guanke Examination Team came to the national -level field observation station that had been established for 35 years, and followed the scientific researchers in different research directions to enter the dense forest, go to the wild road, and explore the glacier. Capture the traces of global warming.

"It can have been avoided during the summer, and this year it has become hot." At the Western base of 1600 meters above sea level, Chang Ruiying, the agent of the observation station, said that climate change not only affects the adaptation strategy of land vegetation, but also profoundly affects the structure of the ecosystem system. And function, "Here is the most sensitive climate change 'indicator' in Hengduan Mountain."

Researchers at the Chengdu Institute of Chengdu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted research on glaciers. Interviewee confidence

Natural laboratory in dense forests

Climb up along the Scenic Highway from the Music Base. Along the way, the residential houses gradually retreated, and the deep river valleys, the rolling peaks, the mysterious virgin forest, and the strange glacier waterfall broke into the field of vision.

Outside the window of the off -road vehicle, the towering fir forest approached both sides of the road. The moss was densely covered on the trunk, and the branches were wrapped in and hanging down. "This is a sign of good air," said Chang Ruiying. When the off -road vehicle was driving to 3,000 meters above sea level, the scientific examination team got off.

Along a small trail, walking into the deep mountain forest, a natural laboratory appeared in front of the eyes: the surface network line was vertical and horizontal, and the white pipes surrounded the sample of 10 meters. Each tree inside was marked. "There are also instruments that record the growth of growth, and it is always recorded.

Chang Ruiying said that when the rainwater is sufficient from April to May each year, the diameter of the tree grows the fastest; after June to October, it is relatively uniform; after November, the weather turns cold, and the trees prepare for winter are removed. Water, the diameter will become smaller.

Wang Tao, a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of Chengdu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led doctoral students to sample in the vertical observation of the Yajiayu.

Looking around, there are a lot of hydrological observation equipment in this 0.6 hectares. Whether it is penetrating rain, trunk stem flow, or floor runoff, and soil flow, it is a monitoring object. The torque -style metering instrument hanging on the trunk is recorded once every time it is filled, and then the cover is automatically poured and re -collected. There is a small wooden house in the depths of the dense forest, and the computer screen inside continues to flash. This is a device that is measured by measuring soil-atmospheric carbon and nitrogen exchange.

"This is a forest observation field in the middle period." Chang Ruiying pointed at the uneven surface. In the 1930s, there were large -scale mudslides in the 1930s, forming a large rocky and uneven terrain. Lin Zi was formed on the ground of mudslides. It is estimated that Lin Ling has been more than 80 years.

It is here that scientists have built a full factor observation system covering hydrology, soil, climate and creatures.

Through the construction of 35 years, the observation stations have deployed facilities such as glaciers, hydrology, soil, alpine automatic meteorological stations, biological observation land, forest flux observation tower and other facilities. , Formed the two major mountains of the two mountains of the Hugargou of Gongga Shandong Pojiegou and the Yajiazhang Mountains in the north slope. These valuable data have been accumulated for scientific research and long -term analysis and research.

Wang Wenzhi, a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, analyzed the fir fir year sample collected in the laboratory of Chengdu.

The climate in the mountains changed, and it was raining in the forestry after a while. "Before you come, it has been sunny for a week in a row, which is rare in the rainy season." Chang Ruiying said that after more than 30 years of continuous observation, they discovered that the temperature in the mountains increased quickly. For the "warm drying" trend.

"Although the fog in the mountains is filled, from the remote sensing data, the fog is decreasing year by year." Chang Ruiying lamented, which will also bring a series of influence, such as moss on the tree. Its source of moisture is precipitation and mist. Essence The fog decreases, and it will also affect its growth.

"Global warming brings multi -level and comprehensive influence. Under this influence, whether the ecosystem can maintain health and stability, we also need to carry out long -term observation research. This is also one of the purpose of setting up an observation station."

Ran Fei, deputy station director of the Gongga Mountain Ecological System Observation Test Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led a team to observe the hydrological status of the Glacier River.

The "Director of the New Year" and "Mud Chemist" of the Forest Line

Exploring the trace of climate change, scientific researchers often enter the deeper part of the forest. The forest line is the upper limit of the forest distribution in the vertical vegetation spectrum of the mountain. On the forest line, the color blocks are clear. Exceeding this line, the coniferous forest is replaced by the alpine shy and alpine meadow that adapts to the high cold environment. The top of the snow and ice of the mountains has become the background of this landscape.

Temperature and precipitation are factor affecting the migration of the forest line. On July 11, the team of Wang Wenzhi and Wang Tao had to rush here. Under the climate change, the changes in vegetation and soil near Gongga Mountain Line. They are talents introduced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2020. The two "post -85s" researchers will collect their own samples near the forest line.

Starting from Moxi Town, winding along the S434 provincial highway to Kangding. One hour after the car dealer rose to 3,400 meters. This is the famous scenic area of ​​Yajiaya. The researchers could not care about the cards and began to move towards the forest line above 3700 meters above sea level.

The vertical distance is only 300 meters, but the travel in the dense forest is not easy. Under the guidance of the wizard, Wang Wenzhi and his students arrived at the forest line, stepping on soft moss, and they started homework.

Wang Wenzhi, a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, collects the annual sample of the fir.

After a postdoctoral laboratory in the United States, Wang Wenzhi, who returned to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2020, has been known as the "annual rotation director". For more than ten years, its research has been related to the annual round. The annual wheel is a trace left by time; for him, the annual wheel is a window to study how forests respond to climate change.

Wang Wenzhi found a low fir, and took out a tube -shaped blue growth cone -this is a common tool for samples of tree wheels. Without destroying the growth of trees, the age and growth rate of this tree can be analyzed by drilling the tree core of the tree.

Take out the sampling drill, and when the drill is inserted, the screw is tightened, and it becomes a T -shaped growth cone. Wang Wenzhi selected the point at the bottom of the tree, spin the drill of the growing cone towards the center of the trunk, and then inserted into the core of the core to remove the core of the cloak of the alternative vertebral body -the core of the fresh woody aroma, which looks like one Fine cigarettes. Due to the slow growth of trees in high altitudes, the width of the annual wheel is narrow, and a circle is tightly attached. "Preliminary judgment, this tree should be over 100 years old."

Here, Wang Wenzhi and the students must collect at least hundreds of fir tree wheel samples in order to bring back to Chengdu to conduct research on large samples after processing. Through research, they initially discovered that with the intensification of climate warming, the trees in high altitude areas are getting wider and wider, growing faster and faster, the low -altitude annual wheels are getting narrower, and growth is getting slower. And Wang Wenzhi's goal is to reveal the principle behind this phenomenon. Combining the model predicts how the future climate change will change down the mountain forest belt spectrum, and the alpine ecosystem will go under warning climate change. "I just took the first step."

Aerial Aerial 3,000 -meter -level Chinese Academy of Sciences Gongga Mountain Gaoshan Ecosystem Observation Test Station Sanying Wild Observation Station.

Wang Tao's trip is to collect soil samples. Wang Tao was ridiculed by the people as a "mud chemist". From the stage of the master's degree, he "planted into the soil."

Southwest region is the second largest forest area in the country, and it may be the country's largest terrestrial ecological carbon exchange in the future. Under the climate change, has the soil carbon ability changes, what is the mechanism behind? This is Wang Tao's recent topic.

Chang Ruiying's research laid the foundation for him. Drive to the altitude of 4,000 meters above sea level, climbing a mountain of chaos and wild flowers, and the open and flat is surrounded by the mountains. Temperature increase facilities. This hexagonal coverless glass cover, scientific name is "Open Top Tonghua Box". It reflects the long -wave radiating part of the ground -waved -wave radiation part of the plant and surface soil to achieve the temperature increase of the small ecosystem in the box. Such a device is suitable for moss and grass -free supply.

The temperature difference inside and outside the opening of the opening type is between 0.9 degrees Celsius and 1.5 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature difference between climate change in 2030. By comparing the internal and external soil carbon content, the effect of heating on soil carbon can be inferred.

In inside and outside the box, Wang Tao and doctoral student Liu Dong fixed the square of 10 cm to see the square, and dug out a depth of 20 cm downwards. Tags, bags, bring back the laboratory processing, and measure the carbon content in the soil.

Earlier studies have shown that the higher the altitude, the more obvious the temperature increase. Wang Tao stood up, under the snowy mountains across the mountain, at an altitude of 4,500 meters, the observation station also set up the same temperature increase facility. "We just have to figure out what impact will this temperature increase on the soil carbon library and what is the mechanism of influence."

Wang Tao, a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of Chengdu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led doctoral students to sample in the vertical observation of the Yajiayu.

Glacier shrinks more than 50 meters per year

The width of the river valley alternates, the slope is large, and the tributary of the Dadu River -the momentum of the Glacier River is definitely magnificent and spectacular. This glacier, which is derived from Hailugou 1, 2, and 3, with a flow of 15 cubic meters per second, and the maximum traffic in summer can reach 50 cubic meters per second.

Follow the roaring glacier rivers all the way up, and the sides of the river are crushed rocks that collapse and rolled down. On the one hand, there was a refreshing glacier, and on the other hand, it was the hot rolling stone under the sun. After a half -hour frightened roll, the reporter came to the end of the Glacier No. 1 of Hailuogou with the deputy station of the observation station. In front of it, glaciers are melting, the entrance of the ice hole passing through, and the dripping water, the top of the ice cliff has broken rocks from time to time ... The glaciers here are not the imaginary ice blue and white. Scientists refer to the glacier ablation area as "iced tongue". The uniqueness of Hailugou is that the ice tongue has penetrated below the forest line, forming a unique landscape of glacier and forest interaction. The surface of the icing tongue is basically covered by the ice -loaded and carried by the icing, and the appearance is gray.

Aerial Hailou No. 1 Glacier.

Glacier is familiar and unfamiliar to many people. The water resources, ecological environment, and climate change on the earth are closely related to glaciers.

The glaciers of Gongga Mountain are typical marine glaciers. The warm and wet East Asian monsoon met with the South Asian monsoon here. A large amount of water vapor left a large amount of water vapor in the Daxue Mountains that moved north and south, making Gongga Shandong slope humid and rainy, and the west slope was relatively dry and hot. In addition, the mountains here are high and majestic. There are 28 peaks of more than 6000 meters near the main peak. The area of ​​more mountains is highlighted on the snow line of 4800-5200 meters above sea level. Cube kilometers.

Over the years, Liu Qiao, a researcher at the observation station focusing on glacier observation research, said that marine glaciers are more sensitive to climate change. By compared with photos of the 1930s, the current conch glaciers have strongly retracted and reduced.

Take the cable car in the scenic area, we come to a platform at an altitude of 3600 meters. Here we can see the whole picture of the glacier more clearly. In the distance, the snow basin of the main peak of Gongga was connected to the snow basin. The magnificent glaciers followed the valley, and a famous big ice waterfall was formed on the steep wall. The vertical gap here is a huge 1080 meter, which is larger than the Huangguoshu Waterfall.

Aerospace is located at the West Base Station of the Gongga Mountain Ecosystem Observation Pilot Station at the Gongga Mountain Ecosystem of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at an altitude of 1600 meters.

Liu Qiao told reporters that due to the loss of the ice body and the acceleration of glacier material, the famous Bingbing Waterfall has gradually separated from the icing tongue in its lower part in recent years.

On April 30 this year, a monitoring video of a Hailugou Scenic Area spread throughout the social media. A large -scale ice collapse occurred in the Hailu Gou ice waterfall. The glaciers were pouring down like the waterfalls. The snow fog was majestic.

Ran Fei said that in February 2021, a large -scale mudslides in the Rich -Ganghe River in northern Chamoli, India, killed more than 200 people. The reason is that a triangular glaciers with a thickness of 20 meters and a width of about 550 meters with a triangular glaciers with a thickness of about 180 meters thick near the upper reaches of the Riti Ganges are cracking. With debris substances and ice and snow melt water to form ice rocks-mudslides-flood disasters, falling over 1,600 meters, to the bottom of the valley.

"This is why we must monitor the changes in glaciers in order to issue a warning of disaster prevention and mitigation in a timely manner." Ran Fei said, building meteorological and hydrological monitoring stations, setting flower rods, automatic cameras, combined with drone aircraft and satellite remote sensing monitoring ... The observation station has been monitored for 30 years on the Hailu Gouga Glacier.

The end of the Glacier III is abundant.

At 9:30, the clouds went up the mountain. The main peak of Gongga and Dabing Waterfall are gradually blocked.

"Take a look at it while you can look at it." Ran Fei not only said that he was blocked, but also said the glacier under climate change.

According to Liu Qiao's many years of observations, Hailugou Glacier has accelerated the trend. Since the age of childhood, the retreat from the glacier has exceeded 2 kilometers. From 1966 to 2009, an average glacier retired by about 25-30 meters each year. The retracting rate of the recent retreat from 2016-2020 exceeded 50 meters per year. 2-3 meters per year, its acceleration trend is faster than the typical continental glaciers in China.

Compared with the decrease in the length and area of ​​glacier, the thickness of the glacier ablation zone is more obvious. In the past two years, the drone high -resolution aviation test found that during the three years of 2018 to 2018, the icing tongue section of the Hailou Glac has an average of 14 meters, while the end was reduced by nearly 60 meters. Liu Qiao said, "Glacier said," Glacier Shining is an important process for marine glaciers to respond to climate warming and rapid retreat. "

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