Explore the endless mystery of the micro world

Written article | Chen Yinzhen Chinese Academy of Sciences High Energy Institute of High Energy Institute

Source | "People's Daily"

Recently, the European Nuclear Research Center announced that the "bottom quark experiments" and "compact Miaozi coil experiments" on the large -scale strong collision were found four and one new composite particles, respectively. At this point, the number of composite particles detected on a large strong collision has reached 67. This year is the "God particles" -Higgs Bolk discovery 10th anniversary. The discovery of these new particles continues to enrich people's understanding and exploration of the micro world.

What is the most basic unit of all things in the universe? With the continuous advancement of scientific research to the micro -world, after crossing cells, molecules, atoms, and atomic nucleus, those more basic, smaller and more difficult "particles" stood at the forefront, and in the last century, particle physics was born. The most iconic results of this discipline so far are the discovery of Higgs Bose.

Why is this discovery so important? This should be talked about from the "standard model" of particle physics. "Standard model" refers to the theory that describes the nature of basic micro particles and interaction between each other, and is the foundation of particle physics. In the early theory, some particles are considered unsuccessful, so they should be able to spread some interaction forces to infinite far away. However, these interaction dissemination distances are observed in the experiment, which indicates that the above particles are indeed quality.

Where is the quality of these particles? In order to answer this question, in the 1960s, scientists represented by Engel and Higgs proposed a new mechanism, that is, there should be a material form called "field" in the universe space, which can give other particles quality given to other particles quality Essence "Field" its own energy will stimulate a particle, which is the Higgs Bose. In the following decades, a set of particle physics standard model theory containing the Higgs mechanism gradually formed. However, a core prophecy of the model, Higgs Boli, has not been revealed in the 48 years after being proposed.

Until July 2012, the two experimental cooperation groups jointly announced the discovery of the Higgs Bolk in the world's largest and most energy particle collision machine -European large -scale strong son collision machine. Since then, the standard model has completed the last lost "puzzle". All theories based on the Higgs mechanism and standard model can be boldly advanced, and related experiments can also put forward more detailed requirements. Engel and Higgs also won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Although the standard model is successful, a large number of details are still puzzling: how does the Higgs particles interact with other particles? What is the difference between antimatter and ordinary substance? … The answers to these questions are closely related to the origin and evolution of the universe. Physicists are very clear that the current standard models are not perfect, and many experimental observation results have conflicted with the prediction of standard models. Therefore, in the future, a new theory that needs to be exceeded by standard models is explained, and accurate experimental facilities are needed to verify.

Curiosity about unknown is the nature of human beings, and it is also the most authentic motivation to promote the development of scientific development. Frontier basic sciences often have a profound revolutionary impact on human society. New technologies derived and developed in order to meet the needs of experimental conditions in basic sciences will be widely used in the field of people's livelihood. Therefore, the experimental study of particle physics has been valued worldwide. Not long ago, the large -scale collision machine was restarted after completing the upgrade and maintenance of more than 3 years. Many major science and technology powers are also planning the next -generation performance collision. It is believed that with the joint efforts of global scientists, human cognitive borders of humans will continue to expand.

This article is reproduced from: "People's Daily" Author: Chen Yinzhen

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Reprinted content only represents the author's point of view

It does not represent the high energy office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

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