Floating boat: "Big White Whale" in the air, a new platform for science

In the Second Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Science Investigation, the floating boat developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Everbright Information Innovation created a number of scientific research records, attracting the public's attention- The platform is equipped with many scientific and technical equipment and equipment, which are at 4:40 on May 15th and 5:09 on May 21st. The lift height exceeds the world's highest peak Mount Everest, reaching 9032 meters above sea level, 9050 meters above sea level, respectively. Breaking the high world record of the lift observation of the same type of floating device, and obtained key scientific data for the process of transmission of atmospheric water and vapor transmission and the vertical change of greenhouse gas in the Everest area. "Jimu No. 1" type III floating boat is huge in size and looks like "big white whale" from the appearance. How do scientific research platforms such a large scientific test research platform scientifically tame "whale"? What advanced technologies do the floating boat platform contain? What are the aspects of application?

Ancient aircraft ushered in new development

In the eyes of scientific researchers, the "floating boat" has a more rigorous and professional name -a balloon. According to the characteristics and the large category, the balloon is a type of balloon. For the public, floating aircraft may be a familiar and unfamiliar word -in fact, a balloon with hydrogen or pyrine is a floating device, but the scientifically used floating device is not so simple.

Floating device refers to an aircraft with a gas ratio of the gas (including) inside (including) that is lower than air. The principle of lift is to overcome the gravity lifting by the static lift generated by the air -ranged gas buoyancy. In general, the floating aircraft can be divided into two types: balloon and airship. Balloon refers to a floating device with non -dynamic devices, which can be divided into free balloons and balloons. Free balloons fly with the wind, and use the cable system to leave the cable system and fix it on the ground anchor facilities. Airship is a self -driving force device that can be used for flying aircraft. It can be divided into low -altitude airship and streaming airship at a floating height. The "Jimu No. 1" type III floating boat platform, which is a high -world record in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, belongs to a large -scale ball -retention ball platform system.

Floating device is an ancient aircraft that is the earliest aircraft that humans want to soar the sky and conquer the blue sky. The time of balloons and airships appeared much earlier than aircraft. With the continuous development of aircraft technology, the floating aircraft gradually disappeared into the public's vision due to various reasons such as technical factors and times.

However, the floating aircraft has obvious advantages such as large load, long resident time, easy layout, control and low operating costs, which are not comparable to other aircrafts. Therefore, some scientists have been focusing on studying and accumulating technology to wait for its butterfly change again.

With the advancement of the times, the science and technology in the fields of floating aircraft -related fields have flourished, giving the new vitality of floating instruments, and the research on floating equipment has entered the "fast lane" of the development of the new era. It can be said that the "Polar Mu 1" type III floating boat creation is a high -level world record of the lift observation of the floating aircraft, which is another milestone in the development of the floating equipment.

Hardcore technology on the new floating boat

The first impression of "Jimu No. 1" type III floating boat is big. How to ensure its normal operation? What advanced technologies and wisdom crystals are hidden behind? The height of 9,000 meters above sea level is at the upper part of the stream layer. The extreme environmental conditions of high wind speed, low temperature, low pressure, and complex electromagnetic fields have put forward huge challenges to the scientific observation of the entire system of floating boats. How can scientific researchers overcome them one by one?

To solve these problems, scientists and engineers have high tricks.

The "Polar Must No. 1" type III floating boat (the balloon) system can be divided into the sphere system, measurement control system, power supply and distribution system, ground anchor division system, and load division system. The five sub -systems are closely collaborated to jointly ensure the normal operation of the lift scientific observation of the floating boat.

The sphere division system is the "big white whale" we call. The floating boat looks like a "big white whale". Such a huge body shape is a precisely calculated optimization size. In order to bring the established large mass loads from the ground to the upper part of the streaming layer at an altitude of 9,000 meters.

"White" means that the overall shape of the floating boat is white. White can reflect light and reduce the absorption of ultraviolet rays, so that the internal gas of the floating boat will not heat up too fast. In addition, the capsule material of the floating boat hides many "black technology". It is a lightweight, low density, low -lying height, low -anti -radiation composite fabric material independently developed by my country. The composite fabric materials can be effective in the entire floating boat. Conservation and support, while blocking the external rain and snow, can also reduce the leakage of internal gas, which greatly increases the life and reuse of the floating boat.

"Whale" refers to the shape of the floating boat. The designer refer to the bionic design of the whale biology, and the overall streamlined type. The purpose of this is to seek a pneumatic shape of a small wind resistance and high stability. Effect. In addition, it is similar to the lungs of the whale. The interior of the floating boat consists of two airbags, filling the air and air respectively, the airbag is responsible for providing lift, and the airbag plays the role of "lung". Keep the shape and pressure of the floating boat during the process. When the floating boat lifts off, the environmental pressure and temperature are constantly decreasing. The air sac is adjusted through components such as fan valves and other components to perform frequent exhaust. The airbags are frequently cheered, and the process of lift is just like the lungs are constantly exhaling and inhaling. The measurement control system is the "thousands of miles" and "smooth ears" of "big white whale". Get the real -time status and information of the floating boat, control the entire floating boat system to complete the scientific observation, and need to use relevant measurement and control equipment to obtain environmental information such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity of different height sections in real time. Key information such as empty height, speed, pressure, pitch angle, and cable tension, allow researchers to judge the normal state of the floating boat in real time and assist ground command decisions.

The power supply distribution system is the "Dinghai God needle" of "Big White Whale". The floating boat is uploaded with an energy compartment, which contains equipment such as high -pressure lithium battery packs, energy managers and distribution devices that can resist low temperature and low pressure. Different power/voltage requirements can realize the dual -mode power supply switching of the dual -mode power supply of lithium battery packs in lithium battery packs and ground -bearing on the ground. Energy supply is also like a sea god needle, which continues to support the operation of the entire floating boat system.

The ground anchoring system is the "five -finger mountain" of the "big white whale". The ground anchor division system is mainly composed of special anchor parking and special cables. Three -point constraints are completed through the nasal tower and two side arms, so that the floating boat can be parked on the ground. On one side of the special system cable, the main support structure of the boat is connected to, and the other side of the cable is connected to the ground special anchor vehicle roller. In addition to the bearing effect, the special cable is also arranged with fine cables to use it to use the floating boat. Relying on electrostatic grounding during the lift and the security of the system. In addition, it can be arranged in the cable to arrange fiber and transmit real -time communication data through optical fiber. Operate the ground anchor and complete the collection of cables to achieve the process of lift and decline of floating boats. When the floating boat anchor on the ground, the platform on the floating boat and anchor vehicle can rotate with the wind to change, so that the head of the boat boat and the nasal tower of the anchor parking can always be in the small wind resistance of the wind.

The load division system is a "multi -faceted hand" on the "big white whale". The floating boat system itself is not limited to the load and can be equipped with various types of load equipment. In this Everest scientific examination, the floating boat is equipped with a variety of analyzer and equipment and equipment such as water vapor stabilizing isotope analyzer, black carbon, methane, and ozone. Key scientific data.

Floating boat "family" can meet the different needs of scientific observations

Not only in Everest, but the floating boat family is active in many scientific research projects: the air balloon (floating boat) developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Sky Institute") Floating Delivery Team was once Coco Xili West Watch Wildlife activities such as Tibetan Antelope; once monitoring the status of grass and livestock resources in the Inner Mongolia area, the construction of the grass and animal balance model, the creation of the ecological grass animal husbandry technology system to provide platform support; the "smart ocean" emergency communication in the East China Sea has been launched in the East China Sea. The comprehensive integration demonstration verification of the test network project ship carrier system has achieved good results.

As an ideal scientific observation platform, floating boat has many advantages and broad application potential. The Sky Courtyard floating aircraft team has been deeply cultivated in the field of fascinating balloons (floating boat) for decades. It has developed to this day and has formed a ball balloon product from small to Daquan specifications, series, and matrix types.

First of all, according to actual needs, the lift height can be from tens of meters to several kilometers according to actual needs. The coverage is very wide. During the lifting process, the data of different height profiles can be collected in real time.

Secondly, you can carry a large total mass load (from tens of kg to ton load) to achieve long -term residence at the height of the target (in the case of meteorological and airspace allowances, you can realize the residence observations of days and even the monthly calculation)) , Strong anti -wind resistance, small sensitivity to rain and snow weather, and minimal load limitation. It is an excellent observation scientific research and application platform with large loads and long -standing long -standing air.

Third, the balloon can be measured in situ without pollution. After an inflatable, recurrence can be achieved. The efficiency ratio (the ratio of the effect and the cost) can be high. The advantages of using and easy maintenance operations are the long -term platform of the green economy.

It should be said that the balloon is a basic platform service. How much it can play, it depends on the function application and platform-load-loading ability of the load. It has been successfully applied in typical scenarios such as scientific observation, emergency communication, grassland ecology and animal husbandry balance observation, marine relay communication, ground observation and low -altitude defense.

Nowadays, the air balloon platform developed by the Sky Courtyard team has targeted the application geographical area in the general design. It has been in a variety of typical geographical areas suchCarrying out scientific experiments and demonstration applications, achieved outstanding experimental results and dazzling scientific scientific results in local observation, meteorological detection, disaster monitoring, defense surveillance, emergency communication, relay communication, radar detection, urban and rural observations, observations of urban and rural areas,The vast application fields such as scientific investigations have begun to show the air -retention platform, which can be expected in the future.(Author: He Zeqing, Qiao Tao, Chen Qi, are senior engineers, senior engineers, and researching intern of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

【Edit: Tian Boqun】

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