Distant space, close concerns

Figure ①: In March 2022, astronauts Cai Xuzhe (right) and astronauts Zhao Yang (left) prepared for the task of fighting the space station and carried out underwater training. Kong Fangzhou Photo

Figure ②: Shenzhou No. 14 Aerospace Officer successfully settled in the sky and the core cabin. Sun Wei Photo

Even if there is no land under my feet, I can still take every step firmly. Even though flying has no wings, I can still open my hands bravely. I know that there is a vast space in front, and you are behind you! We are always together on the road to conquer the universe.

——China Aerospace Officer

When astronaut Chen Dong breathed fresh air at the China Space Station, drinking circulating water; when the astronaut Liu Yang drank homemade delicious yogurt in the "space kitchen", he ate a taste of food with rich flavors; Running, sleeping in the "private room" at ease ... There is a group of people who are always paying attention to the astronauts' every move in the sky.

They are the staff closest to the astronauts -the staff of the Chinese Aerospace Council Research Training Center. Every day when astronauts spent smoothly in space, they were inseparable from their careful guardianship on the ground.

As the "cradle of Chinese astronauts growth", in the manned space engineering, the Chinese Aerospace Council Research Training Center mainly shoulders the functional mission of "cultivating people, guaranteeing people, and researching people."

This group of space researchers who silently dedicated behind the astronauts continued to challenge each technical difficulty, climbed the peak of technology, and used heart blood and wisdom to set up a solid ladder leading to the space heroes.

Create extraordinary and famous achievements. Today, we approach the researchers of the center and explore the story behind the scenes.

Keywords dare to be first

Some things must be done first, even if it is extremely difficult and dangerous

In a huge sink with a depth of 10 meters and a diameter of 23 meters, the underwater training model of the space station is like a behemoth, lying quietly at the bottom of the water.

This is the main site of the center simulation of the cabin training. Astronauts Zhao Yang and astronauts have carried out underwater training together for a long time. Once you are busy, Zhao Yang only sleeps for 4 hours a day and eats a meal. The task of the instructor is to decompose every action, refine each attitude, and help astronauts find the return path quickly and safely.

After joining the astronaut brigade, astronauts must go through the study and training of hundreds of subjects in 8 categories. Among them, the training work is mainly organized by the instructor of the space staff selection training room.

"Gan is a ladder, dare to be the first." This is the room training of the spacerist selection training room, and it is also the motto of each astronaut instructor. Ultra -heavy endurance training, low -pressure training, simulation of weightless training, field survival training ... Anyone involving physiological limits and dangerous hidden dangers is the first person to "crab".

Since the launch of China's manned aerospace project, 13 returns have landed in the predetermined area as planned. However, the "disobedience" of the back cabin has also been returned many times in the history of the world space.

On March 18, 1965, when a manned spacecraft in the Soviet Union returned to landing, it landed into the birch forest in Mount Ural due to failure. Two astronauts can only write a signal in the snow, while using the emergency pistols they carry with them to resist wild wolves and bear, and fire to the cold. In the end, the trained astronauts got rid of the predicament by survival skills.

No matter where Chinese astronauts land, they must be able to cope with challenges in different environments. To do this, wild survival and emergency life -saving training under harsh conditions is essential.

In the tropical jungle, the danger of being bitten by the wild elephant and the bite of the poisonous snake poisonous worms, the team of the instructor team was difficult to investigate the selection site, encountered a bamboo -leaf green snake, and was bitten by a grasshopper ... In the end, after 8 days, they selected the land from 3 to choose the land selection land. The training point is determined.

Badan Jilin Desert, the temperature difference between day and night is as high as 39 degrees Celsius, and the instructor team conducts 48 -hour pre -training here. At night, everyone squeezed in the desert bunker, even if it was roasted with fire, the back was still cold. In this way, they verified the rationality and feasibility of the design of the aerospace desert survival training course.

Some things must be done first, even if it is extremely difficult.

On September 27, 2008, astronauts Zhai Zhigang wore the "Feitian" outsider uniform independently developed by our country to complete the first out -of -the -cabin event task, marking that my country has become the third country with independent control of the cabin activity.

These more than 100 kilograms of out -of -class clothes are armor for astronauts' execution of the cabin activities. It is equivalent to a human -shaped spacecraft. After a certain pressure is charged, it can protect the safety of the lives of the astronauts and resist environmental factors such as high and low temperature, vacuum, and radiation of outer space.

After strict testing of the off -cabin, before the astronauts were put on it, there was a last key test -the volunteers needed to wear a new cabin out of the clothes, enter the low -pressure cockpit that simulated in the rail vacuum environment for manned test.

This test is extremely dangerous. When the cabin is leaked to the nearly vacuum state, once any fine failure occurs in the space clothes outside the cabin, it will directly threaten the life safety of the participating volunteers.

Who dares to risk life? Although the overseas clothes follow the first to righteousness, they have experienced layers of testing to ensure that they are everything. But how can a hundred percent in the world?

In September 2020, the out -of -the -cabin manned low -pressure test started again. At this point, 12 years have passed since the first test.

At 21:58 that day, the lights in the test hall were bright. After 17 hours, volunteers Wang Hao and Yue Yueqing were in the cabin test compartment, experiencing the actual recurrence process in the compartment event task, and successfully implemented the process of the outlet activity. Facing the warm applause of the people present, Wang Hao and Yue Yueqing successfully came out of the cabin, and the hearts of everyone had been hanging.

Volunteer Wang Hao and Yue Yueqing were selected from the 12 people who were enthusiastic. Wang Hao, who has participated in 5 cabins for the pressure life test, more than 20 mechanical arm or off -cabin equipment maintenance verification test under the suspension conditions, 2 centrifugal machine overweight load tests, etc. With huge challenges.

The new generation of "Feitian" out -of -the -cabin clothes were led by Yue Yueqing to lead the team to install and match. He also personally participated in the test of the series of aerospace clothes. For him, out -of -class clothes are like children who grow up in one hand.

Examinations again and again ... Each test is facing risk tests. In this regard, the family was puzzled: "To do aerospace clothes, just be a tailor, why do you toss yourself so?"

"Because my tailor is different, it is related to the safety of the astronauts and the success of the manned space task." In order to the best comfort and security of the space suit, Yue Yueqing always devoted himself to the next test.

"The motherland is higher than everything, and life is higher than everything." This sentence is deeply imprinted in their hearts. So far, the two -time manned low -voltage test organized by the center has successfully succeeded.

Keyword independent innovation

Ten years of grinding a sword, realizing the leap from "from scratch to good to excellent"

The establishment of China Space Station is an important symbol of my country from "aerospace power" to "aerospace power", and it is also the dream of several generations in the center. Since the implementation of the space station project, in order to meet the task needs, the researchers of the center have undertaken many pioneering tasks. They have no models and experience.

As the world's third largest astronaut center, since its birth, the researchers of the center have been difficult to explore in foreign technology blockade and unswatable at home.

Starlight lives up to the passers -by, and the years live up to the people.

In 1992, with the launch of China's manned space project, the center ushered in a major opportunity development. Scientific researchers set up wisdom and work together. So far, they have successfully completed the launching and of the launching and the launch and 4 of the Tiangong No. 1 Space Lab, Tianhe Core Card, and the Core Card. Driller operation task. There are currently 14 astronauts and 23 people to fight space, which has realized the flying dream of the Chinese nation.

Right now, the manned space project enters the space station construction stage. Faced with difficulties, they continued to struggle and stabbed one by one.

The center's environmental control and life support (hereinafter referred to as environmental control) room, responsible for supporting the "umbrella" of life in space officers in space. They create basic living conditions and suitable working environment in the space cabin to ensure that there are air pressure, wind speed, air quality and water suitable for living in the cabin.

Before Shenzhou 12 space flight mission, the oxygen and water required for the survival of spacemen must be carried from the ground. During the space station mission, the astronauts were ranged for more than 3 months, and the cost of transporting materials from the earth was high. Environmental control and insurance technology must be used in the cabin to be used in the cabin. This is the key technology for the long -term operation of the space station.

In a closed and narrow space station cabin, it is difficult to imagine that it can make a recurring life support system similar to the global environment and run stable for a long time.

In 2011, a scientific research team with an average age of less than 35 received this task. From demonstration to initial development to righteousness, they touched the river all the way to cross the river, checked information, asked experts, conducted investigations, continued to test, and reciprocated and spiral development in problems and problems.

After purifying the urine, it seems incredible in ordinary people to hear. More than 10 years ago, this has become the direction of the center of urine treatment team of environmental control of the center of environmental control.

The biggest problem encountered by scientific researchers is how to separate water and gas while disturbing. The International Space Station is designed with a double -rotating distillation device. The technology is relatively mature, but it is relatively bulky. The team has a different approach to pioneering a monocular rotating distillation device with a decrease in development, reduced volume, and better reliability.

At that time, they could not find a collaborative unit in China, and they could only do it by themselves. After changing the design over and over, the problem was finally solved.

Challenge followed. Generally, the bearings work in an environment with lubricating oil, but the rotary bearing must work in a medium without oil and acidic acid. At that time, there was no bearing on the market to meet this condition. The urine treatment device on the International Space Station also faces this problem.

In response to this world problem, the research team combined with the top national bearing technology research institute to select a variety of materials and different structural solutions, repeatedly experimenting comparison, found the optimal materials and structures, and raised the life of the bearings to thousands of hours. In the end, after nearly 4,000 days and nights of the team members, the well -performed urinary treatment device with good performance was successfully launched.

Facing the problem of water separation of water and gas under the condition of micro -gravity, there is also an electrolytic oxygen team. After repeated research tests, the team developed a certain membrane material, and the weight and life of the material still did not meet the requirements of the relevant indicators. They made great efforts to travel all over the river, visited senior experts in the industry, and innovatively designed a new membrane structure. Subsequently, in 9 years, they increased the life of this membrane by 10 times and the weight was reduced to 1/4 of the original. Ten years of grinding a sword. After key technical research and engineering development, the recycling team has overcome a number of key technologies and technical difficulties to complete the project development of the renewable insurance device.

At present, the center has achieved many leaps from "from scratch" to "good to excellent "-

The functionality and comfort of the space station cabin's clothes are continuously improved and optimized, which can meet multiple out of the cabin, each time the outlet time can be up to several hours; the first time the flight manual is used to apply interactive electronic information technology to effectively improve the space staff in the orbit work. With ground flight control support efficiency; aerospace food reaches more than 120 species, highlighting individualized design, providing better guarantee for long -term flights of aerospace members; space station system configuration "space running Taiwan" and other rail exercise equipment to provide rich exercise for astronauts Methods; developing an advanced aerospace medical experiment platform will further explore major human and health issues in depth ...

Keywords excellence

Success is almost a failure, failure is almost successful success

How long is 2 seconds? But the second hand drops 2 times, and for the central scientific research team, 2 seconds may be a major accident.

"Behind each serious accident, there must be 29 minor accidents, 300 attempt signs, and 1,000 hidden dangers." At a training site in the center, a whole wall was written on the wall. "Scientific laws.

This is not only a warning to all staff, but also the quality motto of scientific researchers.

"Success is almost a few failures, and failure is almost successful." Over the years, the center's participants have always followed the scientific laws, excellence, and ensure that each task is all lost.

On the eve of the launch of a certain aircraft, the environmental insurance system for the environmental insurance system for the final system test. The staff found that the closing process of a pressure leakage valve was 2 seconds longer than before, and the current value was raised by 10 mA. These tiny changes are difficult to notice without careful observation.

In space, in case the valve is not closed, the sealing cabin is connected to the vacuum environment of the outer space, which directly affects the safety of the lives of astronauts. At this point, the task has entered a countdown state. They endured tremendous pressure and removed the product from the aircraft.

It is only 48 hours to leave them to eliminate the failure. The environmental control division system quickly set up a design review group, zero -return report writing group, fault reaping test group, abnormal data collation and analysis group, and historical data review group. Each group acts separately to carry out work efficiently and in an orderly manner.

After 36 hours, the product returned as scheduled. After investigation, there is a 100 -micro -metal wire excess object in the inner cavity of this product, which causes stagnation to stagnate the valve movement. If you let this doubt and make the product go to the sky, the consequences are unimaginable.

In addition to independent research and development products, the center also cooperates with nearly a hundred cooperative units to produce. In this case, the quality awareness of excellence is even more important.

At that year, at a product acceptance meeting, the inspection and designer found that there was a fine crack of about 1 cm inside the product product. The collaborative unit explained that the paint on the surface of the product is cracking and does not affect product function and performance.

Facing the seemingly "reasonable" explanation, the designer did not let go easily. Sure enough, after removing surface paint, they found that the internal structure of the product also crack. It was later found that it was a small accident during the transportation process, and the product was caused by the impact.

"Quality is higher than everything." The genes of strict and detailed, excellent, and excellence have already been integrated into the blood of all the personnel of the center -

Aerospace workers are both the "spokesperson" of astronauts and "quality inspectors" of spacecraft. The task of the space station involves many cabin sections, interface types, long development cycles, and wide interface units. They adhere to the bottom line and find relevant personnel to communicate again and again to actively promote the problem solving.

The inside of the cabin evaluation team has planned and implemented an inter -component evaluation test. This test lasted for nearly two years, and nearly a hundred volunteers participated, distributed in many cities, and solved hundreds of work effects.

The robotic arm is the first major innovation applied at the China Space Station. The robotic arm evaluation team, identifying and solving hundreds of design problems, and filling in the blank blank in many aspects of engineering design through industrial evaluation ...

Keywords are unprepared

When personal ideals are "docked" with national needs, all suffering becomes happy

In early 2020, the epidemic of the new crown pneumonia disrupted people's lives. The factory stopped working and the store was closed, but the pace of scientific researchers in the center did not stop. In order not to affect the task, all scientific researchers in the center were closed in the office area for nearly two months.

Liu Junlian, the leader of the Chinese Medicine Group of the Astronaut Medical Supervision and Medical Guarantee (hereinafter referred to as the medical supervision and medical insurance), often filled with enthusiastic smiles on his face, and had a request for colleagues. However, when she mentioned her family, her expression immediately dimmed. When the child saw his mother go home, he urged: "Mom, you quickly replace your clothes! So you will not work overtime anymore."

In Liu Junlian's diary, there is such a paragraph: "The task is right, how many walking on the road, and how many of the expectations behind you; how many fierce arguments on the venue, how many silent words after returning home are silent. It is said that their children's love is long, the calf is deep, and the aerospace people in the mission will temporarily take these tenderness to the innermost at the heart, and dedicate all the deepest and sincere love to the aerospace ... " Wang Yan, the leader of the quarantine team, severely sprained his ankles and insisted on working with a double stick; the astronauts took the group doctor Zhong Chongfa and gave up the opportunity to go home to see his father's last side and hide the regret in the heart; Director Zhai Zhihong, overwhelmed over the office, and returned to work overtime after the infusion; Wu Dawei, deputy chief designer of the astronaut system, took the fast -acting savior pill with him ...

No matter how no matter how no matter the outside world is, the researchers of the center are in the corner of the Aerospace City, with no heart, and to engage in scientific research.

Chen Xuewen, the head of the virtual reality training device, led the team to develop a set of outlet activities simulation procedures. As long as you put on VR glasses, you immediately seem to be in a space station, operate the handle, open the cabin, out of the cabin ... Standing outside the cabin, the beautiful earth that looks slowly turns, the experiencer said, "It's as if it is true space!"

In fact, no one has been in space for researchers who have developed this program. They spent two years visiting various test sites, establishing three -dimensional virtual models, and developing software. Chen Xuewen said: "Fortunately, in this era, catch up with this task, and participate in such a significant major project. A person's life has such an opportunity, worth it!"

In the past manned space flight mission, people can always hear such a voice in front of the TV: "Astronaut, I am a doctor of the medical supervisor, what do you feel now?" Essence

In 1996, Dr. Li Yongzhi graduated from graduate student. She learned that my country has begun to select and prepare preparatory officers. She has been engaged in Chinese medicine research, and she is keenly aware that the medical insurance work of astronauts will become a new field of research and application in traditional medicine. As a result, she gave up better life and research conditions and became an ordinary scientific researcher in the field of aerospace medicine.

The medical supervisor medical insurance is known as the "guardian god of life" of the astronauts. Training before the mission, the rhythm of the astronauts was disrupted during the day and night, and it was prone to headaches, dizziness, and loss of appetite. In this regard, traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese medicine happens to be in handy. At work during the day, Li Yongzhi handled business work nervously and organized scientific research; after get off work, she had to receive patients who had to seek consultation, and sometimes it was not until 89 pm to eat.

I don't know how many days and nights, Li Yongzhi was busy with early morning. At that time, the classmates once asked her curiously: "You have forgotten to work for overtime, right?" She smiled lightly: "I have no overtime fee, I am voluntary."

"The manned space career of the motherland made me proud. I want to achieve my own value here." Jiao Feifei is a young man in the electrolytic oxygen team. Six years ago, he graduated from a doctorate in a higher education institution in the UK and came to the central work with his love for manned space.

After the successful launch of the core cabin, the regenerative subsystem was tested for the first time. At that time, Jiao Feifei returned to the post as soon as he finished a small operation. At the duty, he was pale, and he kept sticking to ...

What keeps them so enthusiastic and calm? The answer is concentrated to one word -love, love for the motherland, and the love of manned space.

Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system, said: "When the personal ideal and the country's needs‘ meet docking ’, the personal potential will be greatly stimulated, and all the sufferings become joy.”

Observation of Sichuan (Source: PLA Daily)

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