The Party's Twelve Congress of the Communist Party of China: Create a socialism with Chinese characteristics to create socialism with Chinese characteristics

The Twelfth National Congress of the Party held in September 1982 was the first National Congress held by the Communist Party of China after entering the new period of reform and opening up. In the opening speech, Deng Xiaoping proposed: "The general truth of Marxism is combined with the specific reality of our country, taking its own path, and building socialism with Chinese characteristics." Since then, under the guidance of the great banner of "building socialism with Chinese characteristics", the great cause of China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization has entered a new historical period.

(one)

Reform is China's second revolution. This revolution began with the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party. Since then, the whole party emancipates the minds, seek truth from facts, and looks forward in unity. By September 1982, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held. In the past four years, our party created a lot of "although it is risky", but it is "very important" work. There is a good situation in ideology, politics, and economy, which has laid a good foundation and made important preparations for the party's twelve National Congress.

First, re -establish the ideological route of seeking truth from facts, and the victory completes the guiding ideology.

The political situation of stability and unity is an indispensable condition and guarantee for socialist modernization. In terms of ideology and politics, after the discussion of ideological and theoretical issues in the 1978 Central Working Conference and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, our party has returned to the correct track of Marxism -Leninism and Mao Zedong thought. At the same time, our party has accelerated the re -examination of the case of unjust, false and wrong cases in accordance with the principle of seeking truth from facts and wrongly. From "picking hats" to restoring the identity of workers, from the formulation and implementation of policies to cultivate modern construction talents, our party mobilizes all positive factors, adjusts relationships in various aspects, and greatly maintains the stability and solidarity of the country.

But at the same time, our party has also discovered some alert issues: some people evaluate Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong's thoughts, and do not understand or even resist the party's work center of gravity, rehabilitation and false and wrong cases; To make an article, under the guise of the so -called "social reform", the slogan of "emancipating the mind" is composed, so as to deny the Communist Party's leadership and socialist system. If the above situation is developed, it will cause extremely serious consequences. In this regard, on March 30, 1979, Deng Xiaoping clearly proposed to adhere to the four basic principles at the party's theoretical work -work fellowship, which provided the political bottom line for guiding ideology.

In order to fundamentally correct the error tendency of "left" and right, the Party Central Committee decided to re -understand the historical path that the party had passed since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and scientifically summarized the history and lessons of history. In September 1979, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party preliminarily summarized the historical experience of the party's 30 years after the founding of New China. Soon after that, under the auspices of Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to draft the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China", and was approved at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party held in June 1981. The "Resolution" first made a correct conclusion on a series of major issues since the founding of New China. At the same time, it was more important that the truth of Mao Zedong's historical status was evaluated and fully discussed the great significance of Mao Zedong's thought as the party's guiding ideology. The passing of the "Resolution" marks the completion of the party's chaos in guiding ideology, which has important guiding significance for the development of reform and opening up and the development of socialist modernization.

Second, effectively adjust the national economy, start and promote reform and opening up.

In April 1979, the Central Work Conference determined the policy of "adjusting, reform, rectification, and improvement" on the national economy. Adjustment is mainly aimed at the problems of major relations such as agriculture and industry, light industry and heavy industry, accumulation and consumption in the national economy, especially emphasizing that economic development must start from China's national conditions, comply with the laws of economic and natural laws, but also do it. Step by step, repeated demonstrations and practical results, getting out of a new way to get out of a new way, the economic benefits are better, and the people can get more affordable new ways. Under the strong leadership of the party, by the end of 1982, the national economy reversed the unstable state caused by major proportions of disorders, and the economic situation was relatively rapidly improved.

The process of adjusting the national economic adjustment is actually the process of exploring reform. Reform is the first to make breakthroughs in rural areas. In the winter night of 1978, the "big -drying life and death" signed by the 18 villagers of Xiaogang production team of Fengyang County, Anhui Province, opened the prelude to the rural reform of my country's country. Subsequently, many places that were suitable for packaging to households had also been packed to households. The effect was very good and the changes changed quickly. However, at this time, some people questioned the packaging of packaging to households, thinking that this would be out of the track of socialism. In this regard, in May 1980, Deng Xiaoping pointed out in the conversation of "About Rural Policy": "The Fengyang County sung in the" Fengyang Flower Drum ", most of the production teams have made a big bag, which is also a year. Change the appearance. Some comrades are worried that this will affect the collective economy. I think this worry is unnecessary. "In September, the Party Central Committee issued the" Several Issues on Further Strengthening and Improved Agricultural Production Responsibility System ", It is certain that the out -of -contract production and households are dependent on the socialist economy, and it must be stable for a long time. With the strong support of the Party Central Committee, various forms of family coalition contracting responsibility system developed rapidly. By 1982, it reached 86.7%of the total number of production teams in the country, an increase of 36.7 percentage points from 1980. The reform of the urban economic system began with an attempt to break the "iron rice bowl". In July 1978, the Guangdong Qingyuan Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory made a bold decision: to set up a comprehensive award of 50,000 yuan and linked to the output, it was assigned to the workers according to the Labor Domoto. In this way, the factory turned losses in the second year, and the production capacity increased significantly. This approach was later summarized by Xi Zhongxun, then the first secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee as "Qingyuan Experience", and played a good role in the reform of the management system of state -owned industrial enterprises. In April 1979, the Party Central Committee decided to carry out pilots in large state -owned enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places. By June 1980, pilot enterprises across the country expanded to 6,600. Since then, on the basis of summing up preliminary experience, from the central to the local area, the pilot pilot of reform is gradually pushed to the economic responsibility system and the fiscal system, including: the implementation of the division of income, tiered, and more receipts can be implemented from 1980. The new fiscal system; initially launched the reform of the business circulation system with the establishment of multi -channel, young links, and the combination of production and sales; from 1981, selected small and medium -sized cities for comprehensive reform of urban economic systems; and so on.

Third, the reform of the political system began, and the construction of socialist democracy and the rule of law gradually went to the right track.

The Communist Party of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee pointed out: "To achieve four modernizations and require greatly improving productivity, it is necessary to require many aspects of production relationships and upper -level buildings that are not adapted to the development of productive forces, and change all management of all unsuitable management. Methods, activities, and ideological methods are a extensive and profound revolution. "This is an important conclusion that the Party Central Committee carefully summarizes and draws from the experience and lessons in the political life of the party and state. Based on this as a consensus, a political system reform began with the reform of the party and the state leadership system, and the political system reform with democratization and legalization as its main content.

During this period, the highlight of the reform of the political system was the reform of the party and the state leadership system. In August 1980, Deng Xiaoping gave a speech at the "Reform of the Party and State Leadership System" at the expansion meeting held by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. Deng Xiaoping emphasized that the leadership system and organizational system issues are more fundamental, global, stable and long -term. The leadership system for reforming the party and the country is not to weaken the party's leadership and dispel the party's discipline. It is to adhere to and strengthen the party's leadership, adhere to and strengthen the party's discipline. This speech clarified the basic guiding ideology for the reform of the party and state leadership system. In February 1982, the Party Central Committee made the "Decision on Establishing the Retirement System of Old Cadres". In this regard, a batch of tested young and middle -aged cadres took the leadership position. Through gradual adjustment, rectification, and strengthening leadership teams at all levels of the party and the country, the leadership of the party and state organizations has basically been in the hands of cadres who are loyal to the party and the people.

(two)

After several years of comprehensive chaos, my country's socialist modernization construction has begun to carry the track of healthy development and has achieved a series of new achievements. As a result, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was mentioned and was mentioned. The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was the first National Congress held by the Communist Party of China after entering the new period of reform and opening up. In response, the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to it and has experienced more than two years before and after preparation.

In February 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held. The plenary pointed out: The great practice of people from all ethnic groups to the four modernizations now proposes a series of major issues that need to be quickly resolved to our party, including determining the vision plan for the development of the national economy, and determining the needs of the development of the national economy. Economic systems, determine education plans and education systems suitable for the development of national economic development. With the changes in the domestic situation, a series of important issues in national political life and the party's life, and some important problems in theoretically, also need to be resolved accordingly, in order Consolidation to facilitate the smooth progress of modernization. In order to solve these urgent problems, the Central Committee is required to hold the 12th National Congress of the Party in advance. The Central Plenary of the Central Committee unanimously adopted a decision and held the twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in advance, and the specific time of the conference was held. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee also stipulated the main agenda, representative places and distribution principles, and methods of the Twelfth National Congress. Since then, the preparation of the twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has mainly begun from two aspects. First, under the high attention of party organizations at all levels, the election work attended the party's twelfth National Congress. According to the "Resolution on the Twelfth National Congress of the Party" passed by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the number of representatives of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was 1,600. In April 1980, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting to adopt the "Some Opinions on the Election of the Twelve CPC deputies", and requested to participate in the 12th National Congress of the CPC to hold a county, city, or state party congress or representative meeting. The way of voting is generated by the election work at the end of November. The "Opinions" also places specific requirements for representatives, including gender, age, and professional proportion and ethnic groups. The Politburo Meeting also made the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Candidate of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Candidate of the Central Committee", which is an important step to abolish the lifelong system of cadres and gradually update the leadership team.

In May 1980, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a symposium on the selection of outstanding young and middle -aged cadres to point out that to choose a true qualified party representative, it is necessary to fully brew it. There is no confidentiality on the list. It is necessary to publicize the discussion among the party members, and don't be afraid of changes. After fully brewing, the representative election was finally completed at the end of July 1982. Party organizations have selected 1600 representatives and 149 alternate representatives were selected in proportion. Among all representatives, nearly 40%of the young representatives, the proportion of professionals and experts in all aspects; 146 outstanding party members of 38 ethnic groups in the 55 ethnic minorities in my country were selected as the representative. There are also a few comrades who have made mistakes in the "Cultural Revolution" but have contributed to the party in the long -term revolutionary struggle.

The second is to modify the party constitution. Since the winter of 1979, this work has been held through a symposium, conducting field investigations, draft drafts, and soliciting opinions for modification. The Seventh Plenary Session was reviewed and approved. This plenary session is also very important for the preparation of the 12th National Congress. It is this plenary that the whole party and the people of the country announced that they restored the good traditions of their representatives in front of the people of the whole country like the CPC National Congress. The plenary session clarified the specific time held by the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, reviewed and passed the report from the Central Committee to the 12th National Congress of the Party, and reviewed and approved the "Chinese Communist Party Constitution (Draft Modification)". This document submits a review of the 12th National Congress of the Party. The meeting also discussed the tribute letter from Liu Bocheng and Cai Chang, who had been ill and no longer holding leadership positions, and expressed their kind greetings and lofty respect for their comrades in the name of the plenary.

On August 30, 1982, after careful preparation, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The meeting adopted the three main agenda of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and selected the presidium of the Presidium of the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the meeting, the twelve major tasks were proposed: the great historical turningted summary of the great historical turningted of the "Gang of Four" for six years, especially the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee. , Enable our party to lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to create a new situation of socialist modernization with a new look and strong combat effectiveness.

(three)

From September 1st to 11th, 1982, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held. There were 1545 officials who attended the conference, 145 alternate representatives, and 39.65 million party members across the country. Deng Xiaoping presided over the opening ceremony of the conference and gave an opening. After Deng Xiaoping's opening speech, Hu Yaobang made a report on the 11th Central Committee on behalf of the Eleventh Central Committee to the conference. A blueprint for building a magnificent socialist goal with Chinese characteristics.

During the opening speech, Deng Xiaoping fully clarified the historical status of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China by reviewing the history of the party's seven major. In particular, Deng Xiaoping made a new theoretical summary of the guiding ideology of socialist modernization since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and for the first time, it clearly put forward the scientific proposition of "building socialism with Chinese characteristics". Deng Xiaoping said: "Our modern construction must start from the actual situation of China. Whether it is revolution or construction, we must pay attention to learning and drawing on foreign experience. We have had a lot of lessons. The general truth of Marxism is combined with the specific reality of our country, taking our own path, and building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is the basic conclusion that we summarize long -term historical experience. "" Construction "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" proposes to solve the problem of China's modernization construction, and thus has become the banner that the party and the people have always raised high. Hu Yaobang put forward the party's overall task in the new historical period in the report of "The New Situation of Comprehensive Creation of Socialist Modernization": to unite the people of all ethnic groups in the country, self -reliance, hard work, and gradually realize industry, agriculture, national defense and science The modernization of technology has built our country into a highly civilized and democratic socialist country. Among them, the primary task is to continue to advance the socialist modern economic construction. To this end, the conference seemed to determine the strategic goals, strategic priorities, strategic steps and a series of correct policies of my country's economic construction. It is clearly stated that from 1981 to the end of the 20th century, the overall goal of my country's economic construction is to strive for the annual output value of the country and agriculture of the country and the people's material cultural life to reach the level of well -off. The overall goal of my country's economic construction is changed from the previous four modernizations to realizing a well -off. It is a historic decision made by the Party Central Committee on the basis of summing up historical experience. Greatly enhanced the determination and confidence of the Chinese people to build a better future.

(Four)

The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China broke through the previous knowledge of socialism and put forward many innovative theoretical views. For example, the new principle of "planning economy, supplemented by market regulation" on the relationship between planning and market, is that "planned production and circulation is the subject of my country's national economy. At the same time, it allows the production of some products to produce production Without planning, the market is adjusted by the market. " For another example, a new summary of the basic characteristics of socialism is made, highlighting the emphasis on socialist spiritual civilization and socialist democracy are important features of socialism and an important manifestation of the superiority of the socialist system. Building socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization must rely on continuing to develop socialist democracy to ensure and support. The construction of socialist democracy must be closely combined with the construction of socialist legal system. For example, the above scientific judgments are another milestone that our party understands the laws of socialist construction. It not only solves many major problems in modernization, but also enriches and develops the theory of scientific socialism.

The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has been reviewed and approved by the Communist Party of China. The New Party Constitution focuses on the wisdom of the entire party, summarizes the party's historical experience, inherits the advantages of the seven and eight party constitutions, clear the error of "left" in the eleven party constitution, and reflects the requirements of the party's real life. Rectifying the party's organization and transforming the party's style provides a strong ideological weapon. The new party constitution has a "general outline" with a fulfilling content, the theory and practice of scientific socialism, the superiority of the socialist system, the main contradictions of socialism in China and the general task of the party. Basic requirements have provisions on how the party played correctly in national life. The party constitution is the "first discipline" that the Communist Party members must follow. The New Party Constitution puts forward more stringent requirements for all party members, especially party members and leaders. The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the Communist Party members of the Communist Party of China are pioneers with communist awareness of the Chinese workers' class. They must serve the people wholeheartedly and sacrifice everything to achieve communism for life. In particular, party members are always an ordinary member of the working people ... All Communist Party members may not seek any private interests and privileges. For the first time, the oath of the party was included in the party constitution, and the preparatory party members must go to the party flag to enter the party. It also added a chapter of the "party cadres", which proposed that "the party's cadres are the backbone of the party's cause and the public servant of the people." higher requirement.

The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has generated the Central Committee, the Central Advisory Committee, and the Central Discipline Inspection Commission. It is particularly noticeable that the newly established Central Consultant Committee, "It should be said that it is a transition from our leadership position from the lifelong system to retirement system", and is an important achievement of the reform of the party and the state leadership system. Regarding the Central Advisory Committee, the new party constitution has also made clear regulations. Its task is: "Make suggestions for the formulation and implementation of the party's policy and policies, and accept consultation; assist the Central Committee to investigate and deal with certain important issues; inside and outside the party and abroad Promoting the party's major policies and policies; undertaking other tasks entrusted by the Central Committee. "Through the establishment of the Central Advisory Committee, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has successfully resolved the problem of alternating new and old leaders of the party's leading cadres. A large number of virtues and talents who have both ethics and strong power have entered the Central Committee to take on the leadership of the central government; a large number of high -profile and experienced old comrades withdrew from the front line and participated in the work of the Central Advisory Committee. New comrades, old comrades, close cooperation and continuing struggle. This unique method of handover is a initiative in the history of the international communist movement. The convening of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China marks the great transformation of great historical significance. Our party's guiding ideology for socialist modernization is more clear. The party building is more able to meet the needs of the new historical period. The party's top leadership has become a more vibrant fighting headquarters. As a result, China has entered a new political track of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [Author Unit: Central Party School (National Academy of Administration) of the Communist Party of China]

Article Source: "Learning Times" July 29, 2022 Edition 5

Editor in this issue: Dong Dawei

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