"100,000 why" Li Digong!丨 "Question is the answer"

Bleak

Author | lilyChou

In the folds of the shark skin, human beings have created a swimsuit that greatly reduces the friction of water flow; the echo positioning of the bat, human invented the radar ...

The prosperity of bionics is inseparable from the initial issues -how does animals in nature adapt to the environment? This problem determines that scientists are trying to find solutions from nature and use it for actual use.

Phils won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games with the power of shark skin. The radar even increased the topic of hidden and anti -hidden in contemporary military competitions. No wonders, lack of goodness.

As Arthur Koestler once proposed a paradox: a discovery, the more original, the more obvious it looks.

People always talk about the wind and rain on the road of pursuing the answer, but they rarely ask all the starting points -the problem. Just as the development of bionics stems from a simple and rich problem, good questions can indicate us a new way of exploration and see different solutions.

Sometimes the answer is hidden in the question.

What is a high -quality question

A good question can break the determination of thinking and help us break through the dilemma of thinking. But what kind of problem is "good problem"? This must start with the definition and classification of the problem.

American psychologists Newhel and Ximen believe that the problem is composed of three parts: initial state (the various conditions, information given in the problem), the target status (the result of the hope to achieve), and the operation (that is To. The initial state and target status delineate the scope and boundary of the problem, and the operation is a method from the initial state to the target state [1].

After analyzing hundreds of issues, psychologist Jonathan divided the problems into the problem of good structure (Well-Structudured Problem) and the problem of poor structrm [2].

A good structural problem refers to the initial state, target status, and operation of the problem. This problem is like a basic high school physical problem, variable conditions (initial state) and calculation formula (operation). The value of another variable (target status), at this time, the problem space we face is certain, and the answer to the final answer is also unique.

The problem of poor structure refers to the problem of no clear structure or solution. These problems often do not have clear limited conditions and target orientation. The process of solving the problem has greater freedom. Essence For example, doing scientific research, no ten -nine stability research solutions, it is also difficult to find clear structural models. Researchers need to rely on experience and sufficient knowledge to randomly respond.

A good structural problem is like protecting the scaffolding of Zhouquan, which supports us to reach the apex, and the problem of poor structure is the exposed rock wall. We need to find the path of upward climbing.

When raising a good question, we need to transform the complicated and difficult structures in real life into a clear and answering good structural problem.

If a question is "How can I write the manuscript?", This is a question that is not clear enough. If I can convert it step by step:

"What do I need to write better from?"

→ "How can I accumulate the material?"

→ "What kind of reading goals do I need to set?"

This can help us discover "good problems".

In addition, high -quality problems are still catalytic. Imagine that we are in a complicated, border blurred world, and high -quality issues can provide us with a new framework that we think, so that we can see the connection through confusion to distinguish the direction.

Questions need courage

When it comes to high -quality issues, we need to have the courage to "find themselves unhappy". If there is a problem, it means that we are in an imperfect state. When we want to be absolutely correct, or to make others think that we are absolutely correct, we will be anxious to accept the existing answers in our hearts, no longer explore, and sometimes we give up more exploration journey in order to correctly.

Anita Tucker and others observed the workflow of the hospital's front -line medical staff for a long time. They found that in the daily work process, various problems caused by unreasonable processes.

However, medical staff would rather spend more energy to make up for their mistakes, and did not want to propose the process of optimization of improvement opinions. The hospital's medical staff has a high degree of education and seriously responsible for work. So what stops them from asking questions?

Researchers have found that this is related to the popularity of the concept of "ideal employees". Most managers believe that ideal employees should solve all problems alone and easily, rather than asking questions and disturbing others.

In other words, it is not popular to work with doubts and dissatisfaction with the status quo. This group culture requires people not to make mistakes, which allows people to follow the rules and avoid everything that may make mistakes, and this also hinders the path of pursuing innovation [3].

If you do not break or stand, the question is broken, and the question means that you leave the comfort zone to make changes, to question and break the status quo. Breaking the fear and prejudice against the problem, and drumming up the courage to ask questions, this is a better step towards a better step.

// Carry out the problem storm

With the courage to ask questions, we also need some methods to ask for high -quality questions. As a method of thinking that stimulates creative views, brainstorming has been used in collective freedom discussions. Participants often speak for a certain issue and make full personal views. In the "Question is the answer", the author uses a brainstorm to ask questions. In the problem storm, adhere to the principle of "only asking questions", and everyone does not evaluate or answer the ideas of others.

Phase 1: Generate problems, invite 2-3 people who are very different from your views on this issue, thinking mode, or worldview to join the event, let everyone use 4 minutes to perform collective brainstorms, and propose various novelty and sharp sharpness The problem.

Phase 2: After asking questions, after asking questions, pay attention to those issues that have raised new ideas, and try to expand these issues, think about their related issues or follow -up issues, the focus is on the continuous expansion of the space of the problem, so as Scope of solution.

Phase 3: Focus on exploration. Finally, focus on at least one new discovery path, design a recent action plan for the problem, and explore the potential solutions raised by new issues in the future.

After the problem storm, the participants found that at least 85%of the probability of solving the problem, and 80%of the participants reshaped the original problems to varying degrees.

Learning and problem coexistence

Sometimes, even if it is not answered, a good question can always play a role in our lives.

Neurologist Eric Canter won the Nobel Prize in Biology or Chemistry in 2000. One of the reasons for his award was related to a question that could not be answered.

The results of Eric's awards are related to the major contributions in the study of memory storage, and his initial curiosity about the high -level brain's function is from Freud's personality structure theory.

At that time, he was deeply attracted by consciousness and unconsciousness, and wanted to explore consciousness and the positioning of unconsciousness in the human brain. With further learning, Cander realized that his original idea was "quite exaggerated" because this problem far exceeded the research ability of brain science at that time.

But this problem was not forgotten by him. In his academic career, he has always maintained the continuous thinking and continuous attention of this issue, and continuously deepened his understanding of the human brain mechanism [5]. Although he did not verify Freud's personality structure theory, he still won the item Nobel Prize.

As Rilk wrote in a letter to the young poet:

"For everything in your heart, you must be more patient. You must love these" problems itself ", such as love a locking house, or a book written in other texts." [4]

Your problem sometimes exceeds the existing knowledge accumulation and ability. If these problems are really meaningful, do not let them down easily. Even if the good problem cannot be solved, it can bring you endless thinking and inspiration.

Learning to coexist with problems also means keeping thinking and looking at the future. The book "Question is the answer" encourages people to ask for grand questions. Even if these questions cannot be temporarily answered, but in our continuous thinking process, it will naturally broaden their horizons and fields.

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Columnist

Popularity: ★★★★

Fun readability: ★★★★

Science rigor: ★★★

The author of this book, Hal Gregersen, is a senior lecturer in MIT and a professor of leadership and innovation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He focuses on leadership research and has been hired as innovative and strategic professional consultants by many world -renowned companies.

How to find a breakthrough solution and how to get innovation inspiration, the answer to this book starts with a good question. This is a methodological guide for how to ask questions. The author's pen tone is easy and concise. It has both rich and informative research examples and specific practical guidance. Through this book, we can see the speculative discussion of the "high -quality question", and we can also learn the way of thinking of the "regression problem itself", which can be described as a combination of theory and practice. If you are trapped in the question for a long time and you can't answer, you may wish to read this book, maybe the answer is hidden in the question.

Book -free activity

Have you ever raised high -quality issues that have a profound impact on your learning and life? Tell us in the message area, as of 12:00 noon on August 10, 2022 (Wednesday), the editorial department of the University Hall will select the 3 best comments in the top 8 comments, each, each, each, each, each Reviewers can receive the book "Questions and Answers: Solving Troublerical Methods" provided by CITIC Publishing Group.

Swipe up to read references:

[1] News, A., Simon, H. A. (1972). Human proplem solving (vol. 104, No. 9). Englewood cliffs, nj: prentice-hall.

[2] Jonassen, D. H. (2000). Toward a design theory of proplem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48 (4), 63-85. [3] Tucker, A. L., EDMondson, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, Spears, and Spears). When proplem solving prevents organizational lead. Journal of organizational Change Management.

[4] Laine Mary Rillic. (2016). Letter to the young poet. Yunnan People's Publishing House.

[5] Eric Canter. (2019). The trace of pursuit of memory: The pioneering journey of Xinxinzhi Science. China Friendship Publishing Company.

Author 丨 lilyChou

Edger 丨 Emeria

Beauty editor | n

(This article was originally created by Jingshi Psychological University Hall. Welcome to the circle of friends. If you need to reprint, please contact the background.

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