Digital Dunhuang, get out of the cave

China Well -off Network Exclusive Specialty

Text | "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Guo Ling

As early as the late 1980s, the Dunhuang Research Institute began the exploration practice of Dunhuang. After more than 30 years of development, digital Dunhuang has now become a brand with high influence in the field of cultural heritage. In the three core work of "protection, inheritance, and promotion" of the Dunhuang Research Institute, digitalization is of great significance.

Relying on the achievements of the digitalization of cultural relics, the Dunhuang Research Institute organized exhibitions such as the "Dunhuang Grottoes Art Exhibition" and "Feitian Shen Yun · Mogao Spirit" and other exhibitions. Digital media brands such as time order "" Dial "," Words in Dunhuang ".

Among the many caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which are known as the "museum in the desert", the Tibetan Scripture Cave is the most famous one. In 1900, the Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra was shocked. In the cave less than 7 square meters, 50,000 or 60,000 literatures were unearthed from the 4th century to the 11th century. The Dunhuang school, known as the "international learning", is based on these Buddhist scriptures and social documents written by Chinese, Tibetan, Tubo and other words. Because of historical reasons, these precious literatures later spread to all parts of the world, so most of the people had no chance to see their true appearance. On June 15th, as another attempt of the Dunhuang Research Institute in the digital field, the cultural heritage digital creative technology joint laboratory jointly created by the Dunhuang Research Institute and Tencent, which was formally established. Essence

Under the blessing of digital technology, the Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra and his 50,000 or 60,000 literatures are expected to "reproduce" in front of the world.

"Live" upsiders

The built -in building of the sphere and the lines rises, and the yellow appearance is integrated with the Gobi around the surroundings. This is the first stop of tourists to the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center. Before visiting Mogao Grottoes on the spot, tourists will watch two high -definition movies, "Miligan Mogao" and "Fantasy Buddha Palace" here, and have the first intimate contact with Mogao Grottoes.

The concept of building the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center, Fan Jinshi, Honorary Dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute.

Since the 1940s, several generations of Mogao people have adhered to the desert to protect and study the Dunhuang Grottoes. 735 preserved caves, more than 2000 color plastic, 45,000 square meters of murals, and tens of thousands of Tibetan scriptures, together constitute a brilliant Dunhuang art culture.

As the first batch of World Cultural Heritage in my country, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were affected by natural and human factors. How to meet the tourists' understanding and understanding of Dunhuang murals, to protect the cultural relics to the greatest extent, reduce the harm of colorful plastic and murals in human activities? This issue has always urged Mogao people to continue thinking.

At the end of the 1980s, Fan Jinshi, then Dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute, proposed the idea of ​​"digital Dunhuang", that is, the precious information of Dunhuang murals and colorful plastic use of computer digital technology permanently and high -end.

At the first session of the Tenth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 2003, Fan Jinshi submitted a proposal to the "Suggestions on the Construction of the Mogao Cave Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes". The historical and cultural background of the cave and the classics of the grotto art.

In August 2014, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center was opened and opened. After mastering many digital data with the help of technology, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center made digital data into videos for tourists for appreciation. "The establishment of the Digital Exhibition Center has effectively reduced the adverse effects of tourists' visits to the grotto cultural relics and the ecological environment of the site. The relevant person in charge of the hospital said.

Wu Qiongfang, deputy director and associate researcher of the Cultural and Creative Research Center of the Dunhuang Research Institute, said in an interview with the media that the particularity of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang is that it is a non -moving cultural relic. "We cannot move the grotto to everyone else. You can only try to copy it. In the early years, it was the copy of the old artists. Later, there was 'digital Dunhuang'. We can present the high -definition murals and color plastic in more ways. "

On April 29, 2016, the first phase of the "Digital Dunhuang" resource library was officially launched. For the first time, it released the high -definition digital content and panoramic roaming programs of the 30 classic caves of the Dunhuang Grottoes worldwide. Up to now, the Dunhuang Research Institute has completed nearly 200 caves with a collection accuracy of 300DPI and image processing of 110 caves, and the production of panoramic roaming programs in 140 caves. "'Digital Dunhuang' Resource Library Construction is a model of organic combination of traditional cultural resources and information technology. The cultural information of the use of digital technical means to integrate cultural heritage resources, and build a cross -regional cultural resource bank, especially the grotto image resources and literature resources. It can allow people to understand the historical value, cultural value, social value, scientific and technological value and artistic value of Dunhuang cultural resources. "Wu Jian, Minister of the Protection and Research Department of the Dunhuang Research Institute.

There are 735 caves in Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, of which 492 caves with well -preserved, murals and color plastic caves are preserved. In recent years, the Dunhuang Research Institute has completed the collection of more than 250 cave mural image photography with the most exquisite and most valuable value of Mogao Grottoes. After the collection, a large number of work in the back is stitched and processed the murals of the whole cave. At present, the processing of more than 160 cave mural images has been completed, more than 140 caves types, and the reconstruction of the three -dimensional site of large sites. In the case of abundant funds, all caves in Mogao Grottoes can be collected in 5 years. Since then, the Dunhuang Research Institute has taken greater steps on the road of digital exploration. For example, in terms of foreign exhibitions, the problems of heavy objects, expensive transportation, and difficulty in the past are precious cultural relics that are inconvenient to move. It is not easy to organize 2 to 3 times a year. Later, whether it was 3D printed out of the cave framework, 1: 1 restore the real scene of Mogao Grottoes, or using digital projection, dynamically displaying the effect of murals, Dunhuang, which is "alive", was praised by the visitors and the number of times to organize exhibitions outside the field. It has also increased to more than ten times a year.

Try to make a circle and young audience

A epidemic was pressed for the suspension key for many scenic spots. On January 24, 2020, the Dunhuang Research Institute issued an announcement that the scenic spot was suspended due to the epidemic cause. How to meet the needs of tourists during this period? Three weeks later, the Dunhuang Research Institute gave the answer. On February 20 of that year, the "Cloud Tour Dunhuang" applets jointly created by the Dunhuang Research Institute and Tencent were officially launched. On the first day of the launch, 2 million people visited and visited. At present, the average daily visits have exceeded 100,000. In the 29th of the lunar calendar in 2021, 6 million users used the "cloud tour Dunhuang" applet to light up the Mogao Grottoes under the sky with their mobile phones, so that the late Tang Ran Lantern was reproduced in a digital manner. Digitalized attempts in the circle.

"New technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence provide new kinetic energy for the creative transformation and innovative development of cultural heritage. The combination of academic advantages and technological advantages will better launch creative works that meet the needs of social and cultural needs." Su Bomin said.

After more than 30 years of unremitting efforts and exploration and innovation, the "Digital Dunhuang" project has achieved fruitful results. Promote various fields. With the help of high -tech means, "Digital Dunhuang" allows a group of Dunhuang art boutiques to walk out of Dunhuang through digital platforms, digital exhibitions, mobile apps, etc.

At the same time, relying on the achievements of the digitalization of cultural relics, the Dunhuang Research Institute also held 38 exhibitions such as the "Dunhuang Grottoes Art Exhibition" and "Feitian Shen Yun · Mogao Spirit". Cultural exchanges -the Tubo Period Arts Exhibition "The Top Ten Exhibition Exhibition of the 17th National Museum" International, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Complex Award "was won. Implementing the intelligent virtual experience project of the "Catalog Cave in the Cave", and successively launched digital media brands such as "Dunhuang Chronicles", "Words in Dunhuang", "One Life, One Cave", and other digital media brands. In 235 million, visitors cover 120 countries (regions).

"Dunhuang culture seems to be traditionally traditionally, far away from modern society, but it is not. The mural records all aspects of ancient life. Every work of each dynasty reflects the most fashionable and novel things at that time. Many things are not outdated now. . "Zhao Shengliang, secretary of the Party Committee of the Dunhuang Research Institute, believes that the traditional culture has been rich in the inheritance and guardianship of generations. The key is how to spread and make young people like it.

Yu Tianxiu, director of the Institute of Digital Digitalization of Dunhuang Research Institute, said that digital technology can break the limit of time and space and let people understand Dunhuang. "Mogao Grottoes receive a maximum of more than 2 million tourists each year, but on the Internet, these contents can instantly generate tens of millions of views, which is very meaningful to enhance cultural self -confidence."

Not only that, the Dunhuang Research Institute also projected its sights to more distant overseas. In 2017, the Dunhuang Research Institute launched the English version of the "Digital Dunhuang" resource library to share it globally to the 30 caves of the digital resource library. Based on historical reasons, Dunhuang has a large number of cultural relics overseas. Through similar models, the cultural relics are helpful for "digital regression", and everyone is looking forward to it.

("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in early August 2022

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