"Mirror": Knowing the deep women's value in the literary world

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In the new "Mirror: Women's Literature Reading Course", Zhang Liji, a professor at the School of Literature of Beijing Normal University, chose 23 contemporary literary works to read carefully. Women's tradition and the source of women's writing. What are the echoes worth thinking about in the current picture of women's survival? How to stick to themselves and be a deeply independent woman? What is the significance of literature on promoting the path of social understanding of women? Around these issues, Chinese Women's Daily Merchants reporters and Zhang Li started a deep dialogue with Zhang Li.

■ Chinese Women's Daily All -Media Corporate Reporter Ten Chenchen

"Why emphasize women's literature? Because in women's literature, there is a perspective of women who have been ignored, the feelings of women, and the position of women." In the new "Mirror: Women's Literature Reading lessons", Beijing Normal University Literature Zhang Li, a professor of college, emphasized the importance of literary reading from the perspective of women. In the book, Zhang Li chose 23 contemporary literary works based on women's problems, which includes both thinking about the current popular issues and the source of women's tradition and women's writing.

What are the echoes worth thinking about in the current picture of women's survival? How to stick to themselves and be a deeply independent woman? What is the significance of literature on promoting the path of social understanding of women? Around these issues, Chinese Women's Daily Merchants reporters and Zhang Li started a deep dialogue with Zhang Li.

From "own room" to independent spiritual homeland

Reporter: When discussing Wei Wei's "Alien", you talked about an interesting control. In the era of Woolf, "a room of his own room" was a luxury for women. Today, women in the city have their own houses. more and more. In your literature and reality experience, what kind of changes have happened in women's understanding of "homeland"?

Zhang Li: I think Woolf's so -called room has two meanings. On the one hand, it is about material and physical self -space. This is an objective condition for women to pick up writing. space.

Today, with the women's liberation campaign for more than a century, the premise of women's independence, especially in the physical sense, has become more and more widely realized, and has been more commonly recognized in the space of public opinion. However, it is not necessary to emphasize that you must buy a house to have the freedom of life and writing. In my opinion, this is a metaphor. If you ca n’t buy a room and just rent a room, you can still have a spiritual “one -person room” in a spiritual sense.

It is a new understanding of the "homeland" of "homeland" to have a new understanding of the "homeland" of a new understanding of the "homeland." Starting from the space of independence and freedom, and then having an independent and freedom spiritual space, this is extremely important to become an independent woman. Of course, women's sense of security and belonging requires the whole society to establish together, but no matter what they depend on the spiritual world of self -sufficiency.

Reporter: Your discussion on the prose "Actress" has shocked me. The child's expectations for the mother in the prose to women have become a heavier shackles than the outside world. You think that in the face of the multiple expectations of "Gu Jia" and "Success" and the outside world and loved ones, how should women hold their own spiritual home?

Zhang Li: In Li Xiuwen's prose "Actress", the child of the actress saw that her mother was not "red" and did not believe that she was sick, but accused her of being too lazy. The actress was abducted by her mother's position. She deeply suffered from the child's expectations and proved herself regardless of everything until the end of her life. This work made me realize that the perfect expectations of our cultural system to mother positions are worthy of reflection. Women are either born with mothers, and they cannot have perfect mothers in the world.

Especially the expectations and pressure from the child, the amount is particularly heavy for the mother. Moms cannot ask their children to be as good as other people's children every day. Similarly, a child should not ask the mother to become "other people's mother". Therefore, in my opinion, women should be distinguished by the pressure brought by the closest people, and they cannot be abducted. Active communication and defense of their subjectivity are particularly important. In communication, we can better understand each other's hearts, so as to gradually lead to a true understanding and respect. Of course, it is easy to do it, and each of us is learning from the world.

Good love is about love itself

Reporter: The "Eighth" published in 1989 let us see the profound prejudice of society for divorced women. In today's online context, another prejudice points to "a woman who does not divorce." Female stars who have problems with marriage do not choose to divorce, and sometimes they are accused of not independent. What do you think of the "two -sided pinch" facing female marriage?

Zhang Li: First of all, Tie Ning's "Eighth Worship" reflects a cultural soil in the 1980s, that is, the divorced woman is abandoned. This concept has not disappeared until now.

Of course, the "two -sided pinch" you said also exists. I think that a woman is not divorced and has her freedom, and society must be tolerant. As a woman itself, it cannot be abducted by the eyes of others. Can't please others. What I want to say is that whether it is a star or an ordinary person, it is probably the most important thing to be a calm person. Of course, it is difficult to be yourself, and everyone has their own trouble. This is one of the reasons why I write this book. I treat the characters in literary works as mirrors in life. They are perfect than us, and there are not as we do. Or criticism, but using it as a mirror, becoming yourself. As a reader, you must read it with analysis and eventually return to your own life. I hope to read those classic literary works with everyone, see complex, complete life and human nature, and give a deep and compassionate understanding of the situation of others. At the same time, women in these literature are also regarded as sisters and friends. When we encounter difficulties and troubles, we think of them, women in love, women in those families, and women in distant places accompany them to grow together and grow together.

Reporter: The love, marriage theme novels in "Mirror" presents the subjectivity of human beings, autonomy of love and cultural rules, and the complex tension between social prejudice. Today, the distorted "romantic love" or "dog blood love" in popular culture such as film and television dramas sometimes become a obstacle to women's pursuit of love. In your eyes, what is the "good" expression of love and marriage?

Zhang Li: When we were young, we might also have yearn for "romantic love" and also controlled "dog blood love". However, with the growth of age and experience, women will also awaken themselves and gradually grow. Will constantly recognize the complex state of love. In "The Mirror", I analyzed many works about women in love, such as "Love, Can't forget" love that does not follow the eyes of others. The noble love in the "Dwarf Husband" seems to be "unsatisfactory", and the poverty -stricken husband and wife in "Kiss Tudou".

These works tell us that good love expression is about sincerity and happiness, only about love itself, and has nothing to do with people's age, rich and poor, and identity. In fact, I hope that this book can bring you common sense about love. Once a student asked me about the popularity on the Internet in the early years- "Are you willing to cry in BMW, or are you willing to laugh on a bicycle?" We also specially chatted for this matter, of course, I was very happy. My answer is that BMW and bicycles are not the criteria for measuring love, crying or laughing in love, and it is not necessary to connect with cycling or BMW. If you must choose, then the important thing is not BMW or a bicycle. The important thing is love. The important thing is laughter.

Think about women yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Reporter: From the literary writing of mothers or women's ancestors, we see that the intergenerational influence profoundly shaped the self -understanding of women. Zhang Ailing's mother was "dark", Shao Li's mother was "lying flat", and the grandmother in Qiao Ye's writing was complex and warm. In your opinion, what kind of value does the life intersection of different intergenerational women think at the moment?

Zhang Li: The life intersection of different generations of female women first let us see the deep feminine friendship. Qiao Ye's "The S slowed is Alive" wrote all the various times in Chinese women's lives in the 20th century through her grandmother, and the journey of grandson re -understanding the grandmother. The image of the grandmother is complicated. On the one hand, there is a strong feudal thought, and on the other hand, there is a pity and support for female juniors. This is a valuable female friendship. We often see novels or film and television dramas that write the relationship between women as natural enemies. Therefore, it is important to discover the connection and support of women's life experience. Recently, the prose of my editor -in -chief selected "We in different temperature boiling" have also been published, focusing on the trajectory of women's life for 20 years, and it also wrote the preciousness of women's friendship between ordinary people.

In Shao Li's "Mother in the Wind", a fresh mother image that we are difficult to see in Chinese literature appeared. She is not a completely sacrifice and dedication mother. She is working hard to be her mother. She looks a bit "lying down", but her child grows up well. Such a mother is not a model mother, but the text presents the diversity of our mother.

In fact, from the hot social topics in recent years, I have also seen that the entire society has begun to reflect on traditional mother positions. More and more people have begun to agree. One person's responsibility. This is a good thing.

Reporter: Li Juan's prose "My Altay" let us see a wider women's life world and writing. What do you think? What is the significance of literature (especially women's literature) in promoting the "confirmation of common sense" and truly understanding women?

Zhang Li: The female literature in our impression often understands the world from the relationship between men and women and from the relationship between people. Li Juan not stopped here, instead put his attention to Altay's greater background and put the survival of people or women into the relationship with nature. I admire Li Juan's writing very much, and I think she has broaden our understanding of women's writing.

Women's literature is not restricted to a certain content or program, but a female perspective. Women's perspectives are usually edge, weak, and ignored. From this perspective, we will see a richer world and humanity. This is my original intention of doing female literary research. In addition, I also emphasize the reading of women's perspectives. You see, many literary works themselves may not be a feminine position, but we can try to understand it from a female perspective. For example, "Jane Love" is not a feminist novel, but if we see crazy women in the attic, we will see the oppression of women at that time. For another example, if we read Lu Xun's "Blessing" from the perspective of Xiang Linyu, in fact, we can also see Xiang Lin's struggle against the fate of unfairness. Female literature is an important aspect of literature, and it also provides us with a way to understand the world. Reading literature, especially to read those works that pay attention to women's destiny, can promote the value of women and help everyone understand the world again. While understanding, we will recognize our own limitations and strive to make changes. As a result, we will become stronger and more powerful.

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