Li Guangjie: The weight of Shanxi, once the strategic hub of the world

Mr. Tan Qizheng, a well -known historical geographical scientist, wrote an article "The status of Shanxi in the history of the country".

In April of this year, Mr. Li Guangjie's "Shanhe Form: Shanxi History and Military Geography" was published by Shanxi People's Publishing House. Those who love military and geography must be read. Those who want to know Chinese culture must be read.

Recently, Mr. Li Guangjie wrote the title of "Ancient China, and the Shanxi people won the world."

Under the general question, they are:

"Pre -Qin period: southern Shanxi is the strategic hub of the world"

"During the Han, Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties: Shanxi's gains lost the rise and fall of the dynasty."

"During the Sui and Tang Dynasties: the foundation of Shanxi is the foundation of the country, the North Gate of the Central Plains"

"During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties: Shanxi was the barrier to guarding Jinghua."

His hometown looks at it and is divided into four publications according to his logic. I hope that friends in my hometown want to see the whole book from the "Abstract", don't miss this good book.

——The editorial department of hometown

Pre -Qin period: southern Shanxi is the strategic hub of the world

Li Guangjie

At the time of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Shanghai Taiwan Taiwan Taiwan has shown an important strategic position.

In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the capital Anyang and the later Ducheng Chaoge (now Qi County, Henan Province) were located in the ancient "Hanoi Land".

In order to arch the capital, the Shang Dynasty established an important national Li country (now Licheng, Tancheng, Huguan, and Changzhi) in the Shangdang party in the west of Taihang Mountain. Li Guo is very close to Anyang and Chaoge. The straight line distance is about hundreds of miles.

The Zhou people were ready to destroy the merchants, and first started with the Northwest barrier of Chaoge -controlling the party. Through the "Li Li" operation, the upper party platform and Taihang Mountain passage were controlled, and the prelude to the destruction of the business was opened.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Haojing (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the Guanzhong area, separated from the Hedong region and the Guanzhong River, has the role of Gongcheng's arch. This is also the place where Zhou's ancestors live. A large number of vassal states of the same surname are in the Oriental Gongwei royal family in Guanzhong.

In the Western weekend, the political situation was turbulent, and the crisis of the royal family could no longer be avoided. The Jin Dynasty, located in the Hedong region, because of the "residence insurance" -the area of ​​mountain insurance between Guanzhong and He Luo, forming a triangular linkage with Guanzhong and Heluo; Surrounded by the weak vassal states, the appeal of the Jin Dynasty was obvious.

When the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty encountered crisis, as the kingdom of the royal family, the Jin Dynasty played an extraordinary role and played the role of Dinghai God needle. History books said that "promoted to the emperor of Ding."

By the period of the Jin Xiangong period in the middle of the 7th century BC, Jin Kingdom "merged the country's 17th and served the country 38", occupying a large number of small surrounding countries in the strategic place of Hedong region, and has developed into a place across the Yellow River and entered. The regional country in the south of the Yellow River.

During the Jinwengong period, the Jin State relying on the "Watch Mountains and Rivers" walked out of Taihang Mountain and entered the Central Plains hegemony. He defeated the Chu army in the battle of the city, curbing the development of Chu State's development towards the Central Plains.

In the early years of Jin Xianggong, the Jin Army went south of Taihang Mountain and ambusted the Qin Army in the Laoshan south of the Yellow River. In the end of the spring and autumn, the channel channel has been controlled by the Jin Dynasty, and Qin Kingdom was no longer unable to enter the Central Plains eastward.

From the perspective of the geopolitical strategy of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Guo has always wanted to get out of Hangu Pass and intervene in the Central Plains affairs. The Jin Dynasty controlled the Taihang Mountain and the Yellow River. Guanzhong, developing west.

The Jin Dynasty passed south and east of Taihang Mountain, crossed the Yellow River, and incorporated the Tianyu Mountain River into the border. With the screen protection of the Taihang Mountain and the Yellow River, the Jin Dynasty can refuse to the enemy's gates, but also quickly pass through the Tao Dao of Taihang Mountain. Entering the Central Plains, the Chu State who blocked the south to enter the Central Plains.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State was able to become a first -class military power, "respecting the king Yiyi", ordered the princes to have a great relationship with the special geographical location of the Jin Dynasty.

In the early period of the Warring States Period, Wei State developed westward on the basis of the Hedong region, occupying the former Qin Kingdom, and the establishment of Xihe County here, and Wu Qi served as Xihe County. As a result, Wei Guo turned the Yellow River in his own inland river, and the territory expanded west.

Wei Guo restored the military trend of the Qin Kingdom formed by the Jin State, giving full play to the strategic offensive role of the Hedong region, suppressing Qin State in Luoshui (Luoshui is the tributary of the Weihe River, and west of Weihe River in Dali County, Shaanxi Province) to west of Weihe River) to west of the West). For 80 years, Qin State is not allowed to communicate with the Central Plains.

Later, after King Wei Hui put the direction of development in the south, especially after relocating the capital from Anyi to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), he obviously weakened Hedong's strategic role and did not continue to squeeze Qin Kingdom to the west. Survival space gives Qin State the opportunity to breathe.

During the period of King Qin Huiwen, Qin Guo began to plan to recover the loss of Hexi. In 330 BC, Wei Jun failed in the Battle of Gao Yin, which directly led Wei Guo to lose the land of Hexi. The Hedong region and Shang County were threatened by Qin Jun. In the second year, the Qin Army crossed the Yellow River and occupied Fenyin (now Wanrong County) and Picai (now Hejin City) in Hedong.

After another year, Wei State cut to Qin State in the 15th county of Shang County (located in the north of Hexi). Layout into the Qin Kingdom.

In this way, Qin Kingdom possesses the eastern and eastern regions of Guan and Shangjun. Whether it is the south of the Yellow River, or the Yellow River ferry under the Longmen, under the control of the Qin Army, the eastward way of the Qin Army has been completely opened. In 292 BC, the Wei State cut the Hedong area to the Qin Kingdom. Qin State got the Hedong region, across the two sides of the Yellow River, and finally realized his dream more than 300 years ago.

Qin Guo's control of the Hedong area is the first step in entering the Central Plains. In Guanzhong, Heluo, and Hedong, the triangle strategic relationship, Qin Guo controlled two corners, occupying strategic initiative. The Qin Kingdom took the Hedong area as the outpost of the signs of signs to the east. Another area with a very high strategic value of the party is close to the Hedong region and is exposed to the blow of the Qin Army.

More than 20 years later, 45 years of King Zhou Yan (270 before), Qin Jun attacked Zhao Guo's military priority and began to eat the pace of eating on the party. If the party is controlled, the east and south of Xiang and south can deter the capital Handan, Wei Du Liang, and Handu Xinzheng, and the party can get the world.

In the 53rd year of King Zhou Yan (before 262), Qin Guo sent troops to occupy the wild king in the south of the Party County of South Korea. The parties to the party are the lifeblood of Zhao Guo. Zhao Guo could not sit at the Qin Guo to obtain the party. Therefore, the battle of Qin and Zhao Changping broke out.

The following year, General Qin Guoda Sima led the soldiers to attack north, and there was a place to go to the party. After losing the control of the Taihang Mountain Kazakuka Channel, Zhao Guo's Taiyuan County could not echo with Handan in the capital, and the situation in Handan City and Taiyuan County was very dangerous.

Qin Jun occupied the party, and soon sent troops from Hedong, and went to Taihang Mountain to siege Handan. Without the west of the Taihang Mountains to make a barrier, Handan City was in danger. If it wasn't for the rescue of the vassal states such as Wei and Chu, Handan City was broken by the Qin Army.

After Qin Guo, since the filial piety, the power of poor six has captured the Hedong, Shangdang, and Taiyuan region of Sanjin. Although this process is difficult, it is very necessary.

Judging from the process of merging the six kingdoms in the Qin Kingdom, it is an important time node in the Hedong region of the Wei State in 292 BC;

The battle of Changping in 260 BC was a decisive battle that occurred in the party of the two major powers in the later period of the Warring States Period;

The merger war of the Qin State started from gradually controlling the Hedong region, the Shangdang area, and the Taiyuan region. This process took almost 60 years.

It took only 10 years to destroy the Six Kingdoms in the final stage, which fully illustrates the important strategic position of Hedong, Shangdang, and Taiyuan during the Warring States Period.

Source: hometown Shanxi V

- END -