Li Cunshan: "Chinese Philosophy" in Jin Yuelin's writing

Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Digest" 2022, No. 8 P21 -P22

Author: Li Cunshan Unit: Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the original title "Mr. Jin Yuelin" "Chinese Philosophy" ", from the" Journal of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ", 2022, Mo Bin picked up

Mr. Jin Yuelin, a well -known Chinese modern philosopher, has a great achievement in logic, Western philosophy, and philosophy theory. The direct connection with his "Chinese philosophy" is mainly seen in the 1930s. ) "Review Report" and his Chinese philosophy in the 1940s. Looking back at Mr. Jin Yuelin's discussion about "Chinese philosophy", it is of great significance for us to understand the development of "Chinese philosophy" and the characteristics of Chinese philosophy.

Mr. Feng Youlan said in the "Int Theory" of "History of Chinese Philosophy (above)", which talks about "content of philosophy" in the "Int Theory". In all kinds of academics in history, those who can choose the so -called philosophical names in Western in the history will be selected and described. "This should be the problem that the" history of Chinese philosophy "disciplines in modern significance was faced directly when it was initially established. Because traditional Chinese academics do not have the term "philosophy", and there is no "philosophy" discipline with modern meaning, we must recognize which of Chinese traditional academic content belongs to the "philosophy" and have to refer to Western philosophy.

Although Mr. Jin Yuelin has affirmed Feng Feng in the "review report" written for Feng, he focused on the "difficulty" of the name of "history of Chinese philosophy": "The so -called history of Chinese philosophy is the history of Chinese philosophy? Or is it in the history of philosophy in China? "If in the latter sense, that is," the history of philosophy is in China ", this" history of philosophy "is a general or universal history of philosophy, not the history of philosophy with Chinese characteristics.

Mr. Jin cited at least two fundamental attitudes to write the history of Chinese philosophy. "One attitude is to treat Chinese philosophy as one of the special knowledge in Chinese Chinese studies, and the degree of similarity with universal philosophy; Discovered in China. " "Writing the history of Chinese philosophy according to the previous attitude, I am afraid it is not easy to do." Hu Shi's "History of Chinese Philosophy" and Mr. Feng's "History of Chinese Philosophy" are both on the second attitude, that is, "use Chinese philosophy History is the history of philosophy in China. " Mr. Jin said: "The current trend is to treat European philosophy as a universal philosophical problem ... ... Taking European philosophy as a universal philosophical problem, of course, there are arbitrary places, but this trend is not easy to suspend." You can see it. At that time, Mr. Jin proposed the "difficulty" of the name of "History of Chinese Philosophy". The prerequisite for his prerequisites was that it was popular and "difficult to suspend" "European philosophy issues as universal philosophical issues."

Mr. Jin believes that both Hu Shi and Feng Youlan's Chinese philosophy have adopted the second attitude, namely "the history of Chinese philosophy as the history of philosophy in China." I think this will not be accepted by Mr. Feng, because Mr. Feng's theory of Chinese philosophy about "sex and heaven" and "the prescription for learning" is just "about the strategy" equivalent to the cosmic theory, life theory and knowledge of Western philosophy. Argument. Moreover, Mr. Feng also pointed out that Chinese philosophy "also pays special attention to personnel, and the study of cosmic theory is also very simple." There is a philosophy. " In 1937, Mr. Feng also specialized in the article "On National Philosophy", saying that "the philosophy of a nation is the following philosophical history of the philosophy of a nation, and the words of a nation." In the spirit of unity in spirit and satisfaction with emotions, there is a great contribution. "

Mr. Jin mainly discusses the four characteristics of Chinese philosophy in the article "Chinese Philosophy".

(1) "One of the characteristics of Chinese philosophy is the kind of consciousness that can be called logic and epistemology."

This feature is obviously the weakness of Chinese philosophy, but Mr. Jin did not fully criticize and negate it, but also took care of it. He said, "This statement is indeed very common. It is commonly considered to refer to the logic of Chinese philosophy, and Chinese philosophy is not based on the recognition. Obviously, Chinese philosophy is not the case. ... Chinese philosophers are not developed. Land arrangements are logical; although their philosophy lacks developed logical consciousness, it can also be based on the understanding of the past .... Chinese philosophers do not have a developed awareness and logical consciousness. coherent". This kind of criticism and recurring statement, similar to Mr. Feng Youlan's Chinese philosophy, lacks "formal systems" but has "essential systems".

Mr. Jin also said: "Chinese philosophy is very concise, very unclear, and connects with each other, so its hint is almost boundless. As a result, people have been explained and interpreted for thousands of years. Many original thoughts, many original thoughts, In order to cover up, we put on the coats of ancient philosophy; these ancient philosophy have never been broken, and because of the peculiar appearance, they have never been fully accepted. The impulsive Fu Meng is by no means a re -element of the original thought. In fact, there is no lack of exclusive spirit, but from the surface, there is a lack of activities that can be called free risks. "This reminds us of the" book of Chinese philosophy Unpleasant words, endless words ", and the" old bottled new wine "in the" Classic Era "in" History of Chinese Philosophy (below) "in" History of Chinese Philosophy (below) ". (2) The second characteristic of Chinese philosophy is "most people familiar with Chinese philosophy will probably pick out‘ the unity of heaven and man ’to be used as the most prominent characteristic of Chinese philosophy”

Regarding the "heaven" of "the unity of heaven and man", Mr. Jin said: "If we understand the" heaven "as 'nature' and 'natural god', sometimes the former emphasizes the former, and sometimes the latter emphasizes the latter. Chinese characters. "Although the concept of" sky "of Chinese philosophy has different meanings such as nature, dominance, and righteousness, it is often not strict or clear in the text, so Mr. Jin puts Chinese philosophy of Chinese philosophy The concept of "sky" is expressed as "the god of nature and nature".

Mr. Jin said, "This idea is likely to be related to agricultural society or agricultural civilization, so the knowledge of technology has not been fully developed enough to provide people with their power to conquer the concept of nature. On the contrary, they depend on their dependence on The awareness of the environment has been fully developed, and the idea provided by this consciousness is that the power of nature is better than that. " This points out the "predecessor" nature of the "unity of heaven and man" and its historical limitations. So, in modern times in the modern knowledge of scientific knowledge, does the "unity of heaven and man" still have the value of existence? Mr. Jin put forward "we should distinguish between knowledge and belief" for this. He said, "Knowledge is of course accompanied by belief, but faith is not always accompanied by knowledge or even based on it ... so although we can refuse to refuse The idea of ​​being united as a knowledge of knowledge, but it can be accepted as faith. " That is to say, in modern times, "the unity of heaven and man" as a knowledge is outdated, but the "heaven and man unite" as a faith still exists. This reveals how we deal with the division and complementarity of "the division of the heavens and the people" and the "unity of heaven and man" in modern times.

(3) The third characteristic of Chinese philosophy is "the unity of philosophy and ethics, politics"

Mr. Jin said, "It is self -evident that individuals cannot leave the society. This is self -evident. Both Greek philosophy and Chinese philosophy reflect this view. From Socrates to Aristotle, they all emphasize the importance of good political life. Sex. These scholars are both political thinkers and philosophers ... ... Because people want to live a good life, the principle of life and politics connects philosophy directly to political ideas. Philosophers directly or indirectly connect with politics. Practical about politics. "This can be said to be a tradition that both Chinese and Western philosophy have. However, "this tradition has not been fully implemented in the West ... but it has been maintained in China to this day. Chinese philosophy has no exception at the same time as political ideas .... Taoism and Confucianism have their own political ideals."

Different from the tradition of "practical wisdom" in Western philosophy, the development of Chinese philosophy has maintained the unity of philosophy, ethics, and politics. Mr. Jin said: "Confucius himself is both a philosopher and a politician .... That model is that philosophy and political thought are intertwined into an organic whole, which is inseparable from philosophy and ethics. ... Confucianism talks about the sanctuary king, and believes that the internal sacred wisdom can be externalized to become an enlightened and Anbang technique, so every philosopher thinks that he is a potential politician. A person's philosophical ideal is It has been fully realized in the country and the world .... Therefore, Chinese philosophy and political ideology mean a single organic mode. "

(4) The fourth characteristic of Chinese philosophy is "the unity of philosophers and his philosophy"

Mr. Jin said: "Chinese philosophers are Socrates of varying degrees of Socrates. Therefore, it is because ethics, politics, reflection and understanding are collected in philosophers. His philosophy requires him to do his best. He is a tool for practicing his philosophy. According to his own philosophical beliefs, he is part of his philosophy. His career is to continue to cultivate himself into a pure realm that he has no selfless self. It is one with the universe ... ... Philosophy has never been a concept pattern that provides people's understanding. It is also a creed system in the heart of a philosopher. Under extreme circumstances, it can even be said to be his autobiography. What we say is not talking about The talent of philosophers ... We are talking about the unity of philosophers and his philosophy. "Mr. Jin said here that the characteristics of" knowing "and" same truth and goodness "of Chinese philosophy.

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