Harvest festival, see how the ancients "said in the fragrance of rice flowers"

Spring planting and autumn harvest, spring and autumn. Autumn equinox is a poetic festival. Since 2018, my country will set up the each year's lunar autumn equinox as the "Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival" to celebrate the grain and Guotai Min'an.

"Autumn equinox has no field, preparing to move the knife sickle", the farming society in my country for thousands of years has bred a variety of farming culture. On the autumnal equinox on September 23, let's go back to ancient times to see how the ancients "said the year of rice and flowers."

Let the autumn club celebrate the one -year harvest

Professor Ji Zhongyang of the Institute of Folk and Customs of Nanjing Agricultural University told reporters: "From the earliest formation of the clan tribe, the ancients had the tradition of sacrificing gods. If a year's crop harvest was harvested, the people thought they had received the help of the gods of all parties. In this Chinese nation, land is one of the most important primitive worships. "

According to Ji Zhongyang, many chapters in the Book of Songs are about sacrifice. The most typical is "Zhou Song · Zaiyu" and "Zhou Song · Liangzhang", which was produced in the background of the great agricultural development in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. "Zhou Song · Zai Yan" is a music song of spring sacrifice. "Zhou Song · Liangye" is a music song sacrificed in autumn ("Mao Shi Preface" cloud: "" Zai Yan ", borrowed the field in spring and praying to the society." "" " "Liangye", the autumn news agency also. "), One after the other is interesting, it can be called a sister.

In "Zhou Song · Liangye": "Get the 挃挃 挃挃, the accumulated chestnut. Its respect is like 墉, such as the row. There is a horn. It seems to be a continuation, and the ancients. "The song shows a cheerful picture in the autumn harvest: the sound of the sickle that harvested the crops is one after another, and all kinds of grains will soon become a mountain. Looking like a high city wall from a high place, looking like a dense comb from both sides. So hundreds of granaries were lined up to collect food into the warehouse, and each granary was filled with food. Killing a big ox, its twin corners are really beautiful. Put on the altar and follow the ceremony of staying from ancient times to finish a ceremony.

Photo by Gu Shurong

"The word 'social' is from 'shown' from 'soil', '' indicates sacrifice, 'soil' is land, 'social' is sacrifice land, and the day of sacrifice land is called 'Society Day'." Ji Zhongyang said that he said Essence

According to reports, since the Han Dynasty, "Social Day" had been divided into "Spring Club Day" and "Autumn Club Day". “春社”是春天耕作之前，祈求社神赐福一年风调雨顺，时间为立春之后的第五个戊日（是指用干支纪日法时天干为戊的日子，有戊子、戊寅、戊辰、 Wuwu, Wushen, and Wuzheng will have one day on the sixth day), which will be roughly around the spring equinox; "Autumn Society" is a good news of the harvest of the gods after the harvest. In the fifth day, it is roughly before and after the autumn equinox, and it is called "Spring Prayer and Autumn".

Spring Club is an expression of wishes. Qiuhe is celebrating the harvest, and the excitement is different. The "Jingchu Shi Ji" in the Southern Dynasties contains: "The autumn equinox is a sacrifice ancestral society. many.

Autumn Club has drum music, song and dance activities such as singing and dancing

In the harvest season, harvesting and fruiting, the people are blessed by the land god, and they can't forget to celebrate the entertainment. Sai Shen has the big pigs, Sai Grand Goose, etc., after being slaughtered by the pigs and geese of each household, placed on a concentrated sacrifice to let the gods evaluate and see which big is actually evaluating the people who watch.

The last two sentences of the "Jiangcun Xing" of Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty were: "One year of cultivation is bitter, and the Tian Yousu family will play the gods." After describing the one -year agriculture, everyone gathered together to host the event of the gods.

In the Song Dynasty, Lu You had a poem "Sai Shenqu": "Jiahe Jiu Sui holds the upper house, and the witch in front of the temple handed the song and dance. Go to the temple to pay the newspaper god, and the witch dances. With the sound of drumming, the sacrifice singing rose, and the flue gas that scattered the fragrance seemed to have responded.

Ji Zhongyang introduced that during the Qiuhe, drumming was an important entertainment activity, and it was a special drum. "" Zhou Li · Di Guan "records: 'With a thunderbolt worship, with the spiritual drum club festival.' In ancient times, there were many drums, and their effects were different. In addition to the slightly different shapes, thunder drums and spirit drums were slightly different. The painting on the drum is also different. The thunder drum is painted on the mines, which is taken in the heavenly phenomenon, so the thunder drum is drawn when worshiping the god of heaven. ","

In the "Village Songs" written by the poet of the Southern Song Dynasty: "Qing Xiaowong winter and winter, the children of the village and the village of the village. The villagers came out. Everyone made money to participate in the event of the gods. Thanks to God for giving good weather, there were sunny and rain.

"People will also pay for the god of the society by singing and dancing and acting." Xu Longmei Xu Longmei, deputy research librarian of the Nanjing Folk Museum, told reporters. Yang Wanli in the Southern Song Dynasty has a poem "Guanshe": "There is a full view of the ancestral temple, and the mountain farmers pray for the year. Where is the flute and drum coming? Each compete for each other. The prince will be noble and noble. The actors with a mask and the villagers who sang the mountain songs competed on the stage, and there were lively scenes everywhere. Although the prince will be distinguished, he cannot get the happiness like the mountain farmers.

Ma Yuan in the Song Dynasty celebrated the harvest of the bumper harvest

Song Dynasty painter Ma Yuan created a "Taxi Map". The content of the picture may not be on the autumn club day, but it also depicts the scene of the people celebrating the harvest. In a place with excellent scenery, Tian Zongxi Bridge, Muzhu covered, several old farmers danced on the ridge, and two old farmers seemed to be drunk. On the roadside, there were two children looking at them. The atmosphere is cheerful and clear, expressing the artistic conception of "rich people's music industry", and the appearance of the child also adds a childlike interest to the picture. Eating meat, drinking, and food can not be missing

Qiuhe is celebrating the harvest, of course, it is inseparable from food.

The first is to eat meat. "Eating meat and rituals. In the place where the gods of sacrifice society are sacrificed, they send a person to cut the sacrifice and livestock. Because there is no extraordinary situation of incompleteness, the meat -dividing person is recommended by everyone. The request is fair and fair Xu Longmei said.

In the poem "Tian She" in Hu Su in the Song Dynasty, there was "Singing Tong Sing Tian Ge, Ji Zi Zai Society's Pork". "Xunzi" refers to Chen Ping of the Han Dynasty, the word Xunzi. According to the "Historical Records": When Chen Ping did not start, he served as the person who hosted the meat in his hometown sacrifice. He distributed the sacrifice meat well. Father and fellows said, "Okay, the children of the Chen family are suitable for people who divide the meat!" Chen Ping replied: "If I let me host the world in the future, they will work fairly like meat division."

In the Tang Dynasty Liu Yan's poem "Jiaxing Club Day": "This year's social day divides the remaining meat, it is not worthy of Chen Ping and unevenness." This year: this year's social day extra meat, no people like Chen Ping, no one like Chen Ping , So uneven.

"Social meat is also called blessing meat. It is said that after eating, you can get the blessing of the god of the gods. Children can also be sharp when eating social meat and enhance language function." Xu Longmei told reporters.

Source: Visual China

The second is drinking. The poem of Zhang Yan of the Song Dynasty "Three of the Tian Family" (first): "The southern village is as white as a white, and the neighbors are cooked by the neighbors. , Naked stocks are in the event of rejoicing. Last year, Baijin Yizu, Feng Sui, drinking a king without light. "It means: On the day of the autumn club, wine is like white maltose, and the neighbors are gathered together. Auntie cooks. The elder sister on the head of the head was holding the child, and the old man bent over with a stick. From the morning to the evening, everyone showed their thighs, holding their arms, and drunk. Last year is the year of disaster. It takes a lot of money to change to rice. This year is the year of harvest. Everyone has a painful drink, and you do n’t want to laugh at them.

The third is to taste rice and cakes. Meng Yuan Lao recorded the grand occasion during the autumn club in "Tokyo Menghua Record": "August August Society, each with social cakes and social wines. , Duck cakes, ginger ginger, cut as chess pieces, tuned the taste, spread on the board, and the 'social rice', please provide it. " The people will make social cakes, social fruits, etc., made of social cakes and rice. Add fruit, honey, sugar to the fermented flour, and then steamed. The social cake is ready. food. Social fruit is made of edible green grass juice and noodles, and is eaten after completion.

In the Song Dynasty Zhao Ruyu's "Social Day": "Children ask for more cleverness, and beautiful women are afraid of clumsy examples. Eating ravioli, because of the regulations on this day, the woman is afraid of becoming stupid and stops. There are many tricks to eat, don't dislike miscellaneous, drink just at the time, don't be full. Lu You's poem "Autumn Society": "Yu Yu residues day by day, the social drum winter and winter temples returned. Seeing the sacred plate of meat, it is unbearable to the cold. A cup of deafness. Remember the unlimited view of Jinghu Lake, and the flowers blooming in the flowers. "Xu Longmei told reporters:" Because the Qiuhe should not read or work, the author feels idle for a day, and drinks on this day, legends, legends, legends It can treat deafness. Social drums, meat division, wine, etc. can be seen at the lively victory of the Social Day at that time, expressing people's joy and satisfaction of bumper harvest. "

The Qiuhe generally has the same day of the autumn equinox, the autumn society and the Mid -Autumn Festival on the same day before the seven days before the autumn equinox. On August 15th, the equinox is the day and the society. "

Xinhua Daily · Jiaojiao Reporter Yang Min servant

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