The dispute between the origin of the dragon brain incense

The aroma, also known as Polyxiang, Buluo, brain, plum brain, and boring, which is one of the most famous precious products in ancient China. Due to the difficult journey of the Clanet Crossing the Hailai Huahua, and the indirect and limited nature of the early recorders, the records of Chinese and foreign historical books on the origin of the Lorrea incense are often simpler, and there are certain differences in the records of different documents in different documents. Essence The aroma of the Dragon is derived from where the academic community has not been concluded so far.

"Poly Lu" and "Poly" said

At present, the earliest Chinese records about the origin of the Dragon incense are found in Tao Hongjing's "Famous Doctors' Records" "Mother -in -law, which looks like white pine fat." Tang Sujing and others wrote "New Cultivation of Materia Medica" stated that Shi Xiang "Out of Polysis, the name of the country is also the name of the country." But where the Pomoic law was specifically, neither of the two books was worthy. Feng Chengjun believes, "Polycrion, covering this thing at Barus, and the name of the place", Barus is the transliteration of Pyranus, which is the seaport on the west coast of Sumatra. Xue Aihua pointed out that Poly Lu was a village on the west coast of Sumatra based on Malay's habit of referring to the habit of Kapur Barus. However, the research of Feng Chengjun and Xue Aihua failed to have other historical materials to prove it, so its conclusions need to be questioned.

In addition, the Tang Dynasty section of "Puyang Miscellaneous": "The aroma tree of the dragon brain, the mother -in -law, and the Pomiho is the law of the Persian country." One of the most important historical materials for production. Except for Xia De and Rou Keyi believed that Poly and Persia are all places of Lantinxiang, most scholars believe that the auspicious aroma is mostly trafficked by the Persians, causing Duan Cheng to mistakenly think that it is Persian production, and Poly is the dragon. The origin of brain fragrance.

Regarding the position of Poly State, "Liang Shu" Volume 54, "Sui Shu" Volume 82, "New Tang Book" Volume 222, all recorded. However, the records are not consistent, leading to the academic interpretation of each end. Among them, the most common saying is Poly, Borneo. In addition, there are Boji and Feng Chengjun's "Poly is Bali", Amien's "Ba-Lo'I" of "Poly is Fukan", Gilini's "Pulai, the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, "Said, and Han Zhenhua's" Polyli is the ancient China and India "said. After climbing and comparing "Liang Shu", "Sui Shu" and "New Tang Book", after the information recorded, the position, mileage, and passing place of Polysis, the author believes that Poly Kingdom is a muddy country ( Also known as "Bo Ni"). The record of "plum brain, fast brain, golden feet, rice brain", and the record of "brain out of the mud country" in "Bo Fanzhi", and the "brain out of the Bo Ni", which further confirms the Poly is the Bo Ni of the Bo Ni. infer.加 Mud is located on the Brunei area of ​​the west coast of Kaliman Island today.

In addition, what is the relationship between Polysis and Poly? Who is the origin of the aroma? In this regard, Feng Chengjun believes that Polylum and Poly are not in one place. Polylum is located on the west coast of Sumatra Island, and Poly is Bali in eastern Java Island. Both are the origin of the aroma. Although Xue Aihua believes that the law and Poly belong to the two different places, he further pointed out that the origin of the Alanx fragrance should be the law of Po. The Chinese translation name is similar. For Xue Aihua's statement, most scholars such as Han Huazhun, Han Zhenhua, Tian Shumao and other scholars held opposition. They affirmed the accuracy of "Dragon Brain Fragrance Tree, Mother -in -law" recorded in "Puyang Miscellaneous", and He explained "Polyho for the Law of Polying". Although Han Huazhun and Han Zhenhua agreed that the law of Polylon was the transliteration of the Dragon brain, and it also affirmed the origin of Poly as the origin of Dragon, but gave the Aliangxiang from two very different answers from the Malay Peninsula and India. Although the relationship between Polysis and Poly has repeatedly discussed the academic world, it has failed to reach an agreement.

"Wolf tooth Xiu" said

"Liang Shu" Volume 54 "The Biography of the Hainan Kingdoms" records: "Wolf tooth cultivate the country, in the South China Sea. The west and west of the world, the north and the south, to Guangzhou 24,000 miles. Slightly the same, it is too sinking, Polyxiang, etc. "This is the earliest record of the specific orientation of the origin of the Lorrea incense. Regarding the specific location of Wolf tooth, although there is a certain controversy in the academic community, it is mainly based on the east and west coast of the Malaysian Peninsula.

Fei Lang believes, "Wolf tooth repair, a Lingya Scean, Lankasuka on the west bank of the Malaysian Peninsula." Feng Chengjun also stated in the annotation of "Zhu Fanzhi", "Lingya Sca," Liang Shu "volumes the fifty -four wolf tooth repair", and further pointed out that this place is "the ancient country of the Malay Peninsula, and it cross the Peninsula. East and West Bank. On the basis of Feng Chengjun's research, Yang Bowen further stated that the place was Patani. Greini believes that Wolf tooth repair is Katu island of Siam. In this regard, Fujita Toyo pointed out that Katu Island is too small and does not conform to the records of Liang Shu at all. Therefore, Katu Island cannot be wolf tooth repair. year. Han Zhenhua also believes that the "Sui Shu" stated that Chang Jun and his party passed by and his party should be on the west bank of the Malay Peninsula, not the Peking University of the East Coast.

Most scholars believe that wolf tooth repair, wolf tooth beard, April Kaga, Langjiayu, Lingya Scean, Longya rhino horn, etc. are all translations of the same name, located in the middle of the Malaysian Peninsula. After the Song Dynasty, the country's territory continued to reduce. Liang Dynasty's wolf tooth cultivation across Thailand's Luo Kun, Peking University, Songka to Malaysia, that is, on both sides of the Malaysian Peninsula. The New Year. From the perspective of local products, Liang Dai's wolf tooth repair country, Po Luxiang is an important product. There was no aroma in the Yuan Dynasty's dragon tooth rhino horn. It can be inferred that the Liang Dai Di Cross -Malaysian Peninsula's wolf tooth cultivation, which produces the aroma incense in the northwest of the Malay Peninsula. "秣 秣 吒 吒" said

The speaker believes that the name of the aquarius "Gulfu's Law" and "Cunbroxiang" are all from the Sanskrit Karpūra, so India is the origin of the Lorrea incense. Xuan Zang, who went to India to seek Fa, provided strong evidence for the speaker of the speaker. Leaf, Flower Fruit. The first mining is wet, and there is no incense. After the wood is dry, it is analyzed by the reason. Among them, there is fragrance, like a cloud mother, and the color is like ice and snow. This so -called aroma. " , Ancient India, Sanskrit name Malakūta. According to Chen Jiarong's research, the country is located at the southern end of the Indian Peninsula, and is now in the area of ​​Tamil Nadbon Corfuri and the Wei Gai River. Combined with the Biography of the New Tang Book · Western Regions, "Sixteen years of Zhenguan (642), its (black tea country) Wang Dharus sent the messenger to offer the aroma of the bonus", Hu Kexian further pointed out that the dragon produced in South India The brain incense to the Tang Dynasty has been introduced to China.

Regarding the records of Luo Ruzheng in the "Tang Dynasty", Ji Xianlin was suspicious. He pointed out that "(Xuan Zang) did not visit the country of Luo Ruzhe ... ... This strip is not accurate according to the rumors." Later, he also talked about the record of "Dragon Brain Fragrance Tree" in "Puyang Miscellaneous", and proposed whether the two are in the question of whether the two are close to the transformation of Poly and Luo Luo. No question answering this question. Han Zhenhua believes that no matter whether Luo Luo and Poly are the same place, it is in accordance with historical facts in southern India.

The records of "Datang Western Regions" and "New Tang Book", as well as Sanskrit transliterations of the Related nouns, did provides evidence for the Breakth Magnoma. The aroma is not produced in the country of black tea. In addition, Polyxiang is also a transliteration of Malay. Moreover, when Xuanzang went to India for Fa, the Nanyang Islands were almost ruled by the Dharaqili Kingdom of South India, and the whole region worshiped Buddhism. Therefore, the aquarius incense of Luo Luozhe was introduced from the Nanyang Islands, but Xuan Zang was mistaken for the possibility of being produced in the local area.

In summary, the dispute over the origin of the aquarium incense involves the majority of areas such as Sumatra, Kalimantan Island, the Malay Peninsula, Java Island, and South India. Xiu can be determined as one of the places of origin of the boron fragrance.

(This article is the State Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on the Fusion of Flowing and Chinese and Foreign Culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" (17CZS049) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: The Institute of Science and Technology History of Nanjing Information Engineering University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Tu Dan

- END -