[Rural Revitalization] Farming Culture in the Mountains of Lushan County 嬗 Wang Chengwen

Farming Culture in Mountains in Lushan County

Wang Chengwen

Over the past few years, our ancestors have lived on this land under their feet. For the sake of food and clothing, they made the sunrise, and they were at sunset and never stopped working. But most people often eat without belly, do not cover their body, and live a poor life.

Taking Dachuan Town as an example, it is located in the remote mountainous areas of Lushan in Ya'an. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, most farmers were extremely poor. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, land reform was implemented, and land mastered the hands of farmers. However, because many farmers lack farming and plows, they cannot cultivate land, and there are natural disasters and human disasters. Seeing that there will be a new poverty -stricken households, the party and the government will guide the mutual aid group of the people's replacement in the people, and gradually organize the scattered farmers to organize the mutual aid group on the basis of voluntary, strengthening production capacity and disaster resistance. Since self -remembers, my parents joined this production organization. At that time, there was no plow of my family, and there was only a cow to help others. At that time, the owner of the cow had extra cows, and the Niuwan was allowed to support it. There is an unwritten rule in rural areas. On behalf of others to raise a cow. After this cow has a Mavericks, it is awarded to the agent.

In 1954, the agricultural cooperation movement rose. First, the establishment of junior agricultural production cooperatives, that is, the land shares of land are divided proportionally, the large -scale production materials are rewarded, the collective arrangement is arranged collectively, and the income is a collective economy that is distributed by the semi -socialist nature. At that time, Dachuan Town was the two township of Happy Township and Dachuan Township. It also followed the pace of rural development in the country and established junior agricultural production cooperatives. Most farmers have joined the Agricultural Club, and the township party committee and the government vigorously promote advanced agricultural production experience. I often hear that the adults are talking much about Luoshan's Luo He's. She took the lead in implementing the production technology of corn to stamens, and increased production by nearly 20 % per mu. Later, I learned that she was a model of labor in Sichuan Province. In order to mobilize people's enthusiasm, the agricultural agency commented on the members of the members. Write "advanced elements" with red cloth strips, the yellow cloth strip writes "intermediate elements", and the white cloth strip is written to "backward elements" and sent to the appraiser I am. I remember my mother wearing a red cloth strip on her chest.

In February 1956, Dachuan Township established a Xiangdong Agricultural Production Cooperative (also known as "Shunjiang Society"). It is one of the 7 senior agricultural production cooperatives in the county. The president is Li Jisan. At that time, Xiang Dongshe was very famous, and the scope included: Shibaoyan, Sujiang Store, Ma Liu Bay, Lalatine Gully, Campaign. The Agricultural Society established the Management Committee. Financial management is strict, and the accounting is only taken office after 3 months of training in Ya'an. Production management is also methodical. The cadre meeting is often invited to participate in the participation of old farmers with rich production experience, allowing them to make suggestions for production. Based on this, from the end of the year to the beginning of the second year, the senior agricultural production cooperatives were established in two townships. Production materials (land, large agricultural tools) are public, and no more land dividends are implemented, but the distribution system of "paying for labor and paying more" is implemented.

Dawang Town, Lushan County grows good, heavy building

Then, the People's Commune was established in 1957, and a public canteen was established. At the beginning of the cafeteria, it was very popular. According to people, remember that my quantity was 14 two (then a pound was 16 two, about 8.7 today). At first, it was steamed with a bowl. Later, some cafeterias were steamed with bamboo tube. Due to the large amount of steamed, the steamer was changed to about 1.2 meters of wooden steamer. About ten days or so, a dental sacrifice (eat pork or beef). At the beginning, in the cafeteria, in order to consolidate the cafeteria, each household was taken away the iron pot and copper pot that was cooked. It is difficult to solve the stool). By 1960, it was even more difficult. The canteens of thirty or forty people were dried with beans peeled out of 7 pounds of soybeans. People go to the mountains to find "wild grains" and "wild vegetables". At that time, we often went to pick wild fruits to charges hunger, and weed strawberries were the best.

In the summer of 1961, the cafeteria was dissolved, and each person received about 20 pounds of food, which was the food in the second half of the year. The wild leek here is really a life -saving dish, which can be collected from spring to autumn. In winter, go to the wild to plan the root of the fern and process it into powder. Most people are struggling on the hunger line.

People finally survived!

In the spring of 1962, the country increased the supply of rations. At the beginning of spring sowing, while planting well -known land, people want to try to recover the border corners of the barren border, and it is called "adding planting". At that time, it was in a very period, and the government also heard it. In the autumn harvest season, the grain on the collective land has gained, and the individual additional planting land has also been harvested, but there is a big difference in labor force. Through this year's efforts, people slowed from hunger. Although you ca n’t eat, it is guaranteed to cook two meals a day.

In order to ensure a better harvest in the second year, people picked up the magic weapon to defeat the disaster -cutting land, saying that "it must be turned over, the knife is burned." Most of the teams have cut the fire, ten acres, twenty acres, or thirty acres. In the second and March of the year, the mountain was set on the mountain. When the mountain was burned, the thick smoke rolled, the flames were empty, the crackling, the sound of the sound shock was spectacular and terrible! Fortunately, the fire was only burned out, and there was no out of control. This fire was burned, leaving a thick grass and gray, and it was a good fertilizer. Therefore, the first season of crops sowed in the fire did not need to be fertilized in the management and care. Weeds. As people expect, this year's food has increased production! However, this increase in production has decreased year by year, because most of the places where the fire land is cutting is steep slopes. As soon as the vegetation is destroyed, the soil and soil will be lost in large quantities. Sure enough, the retribution came. In 1968, a major flood disaster occurred. On the hillside, there were mudslides everywhere, and the mountains were scars. The mudslides were destroyed at least 20 % of the land. For food and clothing, increasing grain production is always the main goal of people's pursuit. Grain is increasing production, the population is also growing, the land output in the mountains is low, and people can only be widened. Looking at it, the mountains are full of crops, so they continue to work every day. The four seasons are hard, and the labor output value is too low. Although the country has been removed from most production teams' public purchases, people are still on the food and clothing line, and from time to time, they accept the country's sale food. Until the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the state was centered on economic construction and implemented a production responsibility system in rural areas. In the early 1980s, it also vigorously promoted excellent varieties, increased the supply of fertilizers, and implemented a joint production contract responsibility system. Regardless of the dam area, or mountain areas, the food output increased so much. In particular, Yuan Longping's high -yield hybrid rice was promoted, and rice output soared. People are no longer hungry! The corn production in the mountains also went up, and the granaries in the households were piled up with corn.

In the 1980s, the market economy was doing! At that time, people's money bags were relatively stunned. They could not buy a lot of rice. The staple food was still mainly corn, and rarely eaten rice. Grain dealers acquired rice in the grain market in the Ba District, transported to the mountains to change corn, and earned the difference. Fundamental changes in the table of farmers in mountainous areas, the staple food has changed from corn crickets to rice. Due to more food, pig raising is common. The family raised three or two pigs a year. It was said that it was called meat to make a teeth.

As soon as the policy of returning farmland to the forest is implemented, people first planted the poverty -stricken and steep land on the trees and received national subsidies. With the development of the economic situation, grain planting in mountainous areas has been unacceptable. It is common for young people to work in the city. It is common to earn 30,000 to 50,000 yuan a year. For more than two decades, the crops have almost finished farming, and now they look at it. The mountains are all forests, but there are still sporadic crops behind the house. The ecology has been greatly improved. Even if it encounters a heavy rain, there are few mudslides on the hillside.

In the past two decades, people's traditional concepts have changed, and they no longer use grain planting as a living, but to find new economic growth points. The three major economic industries have emerged in Dachuan Town, and these three industries have become the pillar industry of the revitalization of the rural village in Dachuan Town!

Shenshan Farmhouse, Dawa Town, Lushan County

The first is the rise of the tourism industry. Dachuan Town is located in the northern mountainous area of ​​Lushan County, western Sichuan. It is located in the upper reaches of the Tsing Yi River, close to the virgin forest, with a mild climate, turbulent flow, flowers and fragrance of birds, shallow beaches in the deep pond, and infinite scenery. It is suitable for the summer vacation. After the initial start of the town's tourism industry in 2005, it was prosperous in the post -disaster reconstruction after the strong earthquake in the April and Two O of Lushan. Tourists. There are many grades in the scale of farmhouses in the town. One is the town, which is high, and there are more than 20 in the city's hotel standards. The second is the setting of small rural families. The room is a suite, with a kitchen and bathroom. It is suitable for the family of three or elderly couples to live in summer. Third, Yangkanmen and Somaguko Bay in Sanjiang Village. Here are more than 100 farmhouses and can receive more than 7,000 people at a time. Nearly 200 farmers in the town, the entire town's reception capacity has reached more than 10,000 people, bringing a lot of income to the villagers, and greatly promoting the improvement of the living environment. Dachuan Town has also become the "Dachuan River AAAA Tourist Scenic Area". This year's hot weather is the hottest year of Dachuan Farmhouse. The town estimates that the income is more than 10 million yuan, the high income of farmers reaches more than 300,000 yuan, and the fewer ones are 50,000 to 100,000 yuan.

After the 20th earthquake, the newly built farmhouse in Dachuan Town, Lushan County

Second, the rise of traditional Chinese medicine planting industry. The planting of Chinese medicinal materials is based on Xiaohe Village, and many large growers have emerged. The planting area of ​​Sanmu medicinal materials (Hou Pu, Eucommia, and Cork) reached more than 20,000 acres. Herbal medicinal materials White 芨, heavy building, yellow lotus, and Maoci mushrooms are more than 30,000 acres. Taking the large number of drug farmers Zhu Fuguan as an example, the small river village of the family, the Sanmu medicinal materials (Hou Pu, Huang Bai, Eucommia) plant more than 200 acres, and more than 20 acres of heavy buildings, Baiyu, Maotz mushrooms, and yellow lotus, with an annual income of more than 300,000 yuan Essence The small households have an annual income of about 100,000 yuan. It is now building a 3,000 -mu Chinese medicine cultural tourism demonstration base, and a coarse processing base of medicinal materials has been built. The planting of Sanmu medicinal materials not only greening the wild mountains, strengthening vegetation coverage, and increasing the income of villagers. It is really one arrow and three sculptures. Do not! There is also a carving: that is to greatly improve the collective economy of the village. In recent years, the village collective economy has achieved annual income of 320,000 yuan. Baiya with bright flowers in the spring of Dachuan Town, Lushan County

The third is to develop the white tea industry. White tea, also known as Eagle Tea, is one of the traditional beverages in my country. It has the effect of preventing heatstroke, refreshing, and quenching thirst. It has been favored by people for thousands of years. Dawagawa white tea has a long history. In the territory of Dachuan, hundreds of ancient tea trees still have more than 100 years old, with more than ten to five hundred years. Nowadays, it is planted in a large area, especially the "Ming Sword White Tea" of Happy Village as the leader, which has become the emerging pillar industry of Happy Village. Mingjian White Tea has successfully registered the geographical trademark of "Lushan White Tea". There are many varieties. The most common old white tea in the market has been sold to 80 yuan 1 catties. In recent years, the planting area of ​​happy villages has reached about 2,000 acres, and the planting area of ​​the other two villages is 600 acres. Now it is only a Mingjian white tea company. The annual income has reached 1.4 million yuan, and the income of other farmers' income is nearly 100 million yuan. The white tea planting industry is not only the source of income from the villagers, but also the coverage of vegetation, promoting the development of ecological economic.

Looking at the road of economic development in Dachuan Town, it should be a microcosm of the rural areas of mountainous areas. It is the change of farming culture in mountainous areas. It shows the road of rural economy in the mountainous area and draws a better future of rural revitalization!

Write on September 20, 2022

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Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Text/Picture: Wang Chengwen (Retired Teacher in Dachuan Town, Lushan County, member of Lushan County Writers Association)

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