The starting point of the regularization of the people's army -Xinquan whole training

The starting point of the regularization of the people's army -Xinquan whole training

□ Yellow Shuilin

In 1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led the Red Fourth Army to settle in Xinquan three times and carried out the famous "new spring training" and wrote an important chapter in red history.

In the Xinquan area, the red flags on both sides of the road are hunting the wind, leading people to the revolutionary sites and red relics of Wangyun Cosmetics, Women's Night School, and the former site of the Red Fourth Army Command. These red cultural relics all remember the glorious history of the "new spring training" of the Red Four Army, carrying the hard years of the year, and it is worth reading.

Xinquan's whole training casting soul

Xinquan faces water three, overlooking a green island with a jade belt. It is located at the southern end of Liancheng County and is a transportation hub connecting Changting, Shanghang and Longyan City. Strategic position is very important.

According to the staff of the Red Fourth Army Xinquan Memorial Museum, on May 21, 1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led the Red Fourth Army to the Xinquan from Changting Tufang to Xinquan for the first time and under the big banyan tree by the Liannan River in Beicun. Holding a mass meeting, Mao Zedong gave a enthusiastic speech, calling on the hard work of the public to unite to fight local tyrants, divide the fields, and establish a revolution in the armed revolution of workers and peasants.

On June 10 of the same year, after the Red Fourth Army occupied Longyan City and wiped out a group in Shanghang Baisha in one fell swoop, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led the Red Fourth Army to enter Xinquan for the second time from the old county of Shanghang County for a week. In the meantime, the Red Fourth Army held a conference on the back of Xinquan Zhushan. Zhu De announced that it would compile the Fourth Army of the Red Fourth Army to the Fourth Army of the Red Fourth Army. The Red Fourth Army expanded from more than 3600 to about 6,000.

"After the Red Fourth Army went down to the Gangshan Mountain, the Gannan and Fujian Revolutionary Bases were created, and the team was getting bigger and bigger. Because the Red Fourth Army was still in the start -up period, most of the members were from farmers and petty bourgeoisie. All kinds of non -proletarian thoughts and errors have seriously hindered the mission of the Red Fourth Army to correctly implement the mission and the survival and development of the army. "Wu Lingjin, executive deputy director of the New Spring Memorial Museum of the Red Fourth Army, said.

The former site of the Military and Civilian Conference

On December 3 of the same year, according to the central instructions and the spirit of the "September September", Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army for the third time in Xinquan to carry out a ten -day political and military training to completely correct the wrong ideas within the party, comprehensively improve the troops, Military quality, history known as "new spring training".

According to the division of labor, Mao Zedong and Chen Yi are mainly responsible for political training, and Zhu De is mainly responsible for military training. After the start of the training, Mao Zedong went deep into the grassroots to conduct various investigations, find cadres, soldiers, and farmers to talk about it, understand the thoughts and problems of the Red Army, patiently educate the wrong ideological tendencies in the soldiers, and inquire about the opinions of the army building. Essence After centralized training, the political awareness of the soldiers has been continuously improved, and the mental appearance is refreshed.

Military training is also in full swing. Zhu De gave a mobilization report to the Red Fourth Army's commanders on the military and civilian conference, presided over various regulations and regulations, organized a grassroots military cadre training course, and taught himself. In order to improve the military command capabilities of cadres, cadres at all levels of the army were compiled into several training teams. By carrying out military technology and tactical training in the whole army, we will improve the military quality of officers and soldiers and improve the combat effectiveness of the troops.

"The whole training of Xinquan is the starting point of the regular construction of the People's Army. It is the first large -scale and standardized national training of the Red Fourth Army. The victory of the Second Congress has made full preparations for ideas, organizations, and copywriting, and played a vital role in establishing the party's principles of the army's absolute leadership of the army. "Wu Lingjin introduced.

Wang Yuncao's room is glory

Wangyun Cosmetics, formerly the former Party Committee of the Red Fourth Army and the former Political Department, was a college built during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. It is a small flat room for the "one living room, four rooms, one sky" brick and wood structure.

"The Red Flag jumped over Tingjiang and went straight to Longyan Shanghang." In 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Fourth Army to settle in Xinquan three times. The small Wangyun Cursing Room became an important place for the former authorities and political departments of the Red Fourth Army. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi lived and office. Nowadays, the old site is still well preserved, and the office utensils are also displayed according to the original. There are only one square table and a few bench in the front hall. There is only one wooden bed and a desk and chair in the bedroom. Essence On the walls on both sides of the patio, the Red Army promoted the slogan of the Red Army.

The mud porcelain lamp is under thought, and the Wang Yuncao room is glory. After entering the hall, the bedroom and office of the former secretary of the committee Mao Zedong. In June and December 1929, through the weak light of this mud porcelain lamp, Mao Zedong wrote two important documents here: First, the earliest "letter to Lin Biao" that reflected the principle of "building the party and the political army"; The second is the drafting the "Rolling of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party", the "Gutian Conference Resolution".

The former Party Committee of the Red Fourth Army and the former site of the Politics Department Wang Yuncao Bath

On June 14th, Mao Zedong, who led the Red Fourth Army to the second new spring, responded to Lin Biao and published it in the third issue of the Red Army's internal publication "former Commission". The internal argument is summarized into 14 aspects, the system analyzes the root causes, harm and performance of the wrong thoughts in the Red Fourth Army, and calls on every comrade within the party to "overcome this idea in order to thoroughly transform the Red Army." Mao Zedong clearly proposed that non -proletarian ideas such as small groupism, flowing thoughts, decentralism, simplicity, and extreme democratization of small groupism in the party must establish a "absolute party leadership" system. This is by far the earliest and most concentrated Marxist programming literature in Mao Zedong's literature and party history literature. At the same time, this letter is the first experience of the people's army building since the establishment of the Red Fourth Army, marking the initial formation of Mao Zedong's founding of the army. For the first time in history, the concept of "ideological route" was proposed, and the problems of various contradictions within the party of the Red Fourth Army at the time were raised to the world view and methodology. For the first time, the topic of the party's construction science was proposed, pointing out that "the thoughts and actions of communists must be slightly more scientific." It has made an important discussion on the party's organization and leadership principles. The most important thing is that the party must implement the issue of collective leadership against extreme democratization. The foundation.

During the "New Spring Training" period, in order to correct various non -proletarian thoughts and wrong tendencies in the Red Fourth Army, Mao Zedong held the Red Fourth Army Division Captain and the Detachment Party Representative above about 20 cadres in the small hall of the Wangyun Curs. The survey meeting of the heavens discussed the problems existing in the Red Armed Forces with the participants, analyzed the causes of problems, and sought solutions to the problem. He presided over the preparatory meeting of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party to carefully summarize the two years of experience and lessons of the founding of the army in the past two years; drafted the "Rolling of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party" to the Gutian Conference The victory was held to make full thoughts, theories, and text preparations.

Yuxi Gong Temple Zhenjun

The "Old Site of the Red Fourth Army Command" in Xinquan Village Yuxi Gong Temple is an ancient ancestral temple with a strong Hakka architectural style. During the Qing Dynasty, the construction area was 402 square meters. The hall, the left and right rooms and the Yuping, there are 24 house columns, and the bucket arch should be worn.

Revolutionary struggle burning fire, military training. In June and December 1929, the Commands were settled here during the new spring and military political training during the new spring. Comrade Mao Zedong and Zhu De have commanded military operations here, and assigned military cadres to go deep into the countryside, leading the people to carry out the struggle to fight the fields, ignite the revolutionary bear fire, burned all over the Fujian revolutionary base.

During the whole training of Xinquan, in accordance with the division of labor of the former commission, Zhu De was responsible for military training. He overcome various difficulties, seized the key link of training grass -roots military commanders, which directly affected the combat effectiveness of the army, held a training course for military cadres at the grassroots level. 》 Such subjects, carry out military technology and tactical training; cadres at all levels of the army have compiled several training teams, and the commander of the column as the captain. The training team and the soldiers hold guns to practice martial arts. The overall military quality and combat effectiveness of the troops, this practice has become one of the common military training methods of the Red Army in the future.

The former site of the Red Fourth Army Command in the Xigong Temple

At the same time, in order to strengthen the construction of the Red Army system, Zhu De presided over the formulation of various regulations, regulations and other regulations of the Red Army, and seriously discipline of the soldiers, so that the troops gradually entered the right track; trained local armed cadres to lay the foundation for developing local armed forces and consolidating local regimes.

There are two revolutionary comics and slogans left on the walls of the Xi Gong Temple. The comics are very interesting. A farmer said, "Hey, you see me a hump, so bitter", indicating that the landlord's exploitation of farmers, the peasant life was oppressed very hard, and even the back was pressed. There is also a slogan "Who is the creator of the world only our hard work and farmers", calling on the people to actively invest in revolutionary struggles, turn over as the owner, and create a new world.

Soldiers investigating the heart of the army

Passing through the narrow ancient streets of Xinquan Village, a brick -wood structure appeared in front of it. This is only 8.7 meters deep, with an area of ​​only 84.9 square meters. The small flat house in the one -living room and two bedrooms is exactly the former site of Mao Zedong to carry out a soldier survey meeting during the whole training meeting of Xinquan.

At the investigation meeting, Mao Zedong followed the seduce of goodness, and put the hearts of the soldiers tightly together. Everyone's heart was like opening the river water in the gate. You said in a word, and poured out. Some criticize some cadres only think of big cities, to be greedy for eating, drinking, and fun, regardless of the suffering of soldiers; some propose to be prohibited from the practice of shooting fugitives ... Although there are cadres who accompanied them to record, Mao Zedong still listened carefully, and quickly recorded the soldiers while waving the pen to quickly record the soldiers. We spoke.

In the new house of the Soldier Survey Association

When it comes to abolition of the problem of meat torture, it is mentioned that a deputy team named Zhang Tieming scolded soldiers for three days. Some soldiers flew back home because they could not stand and scold. Mao Zedong seized these typical examples for inspirational education. He asked everyone: OK? Everyone answered unanimously: Not good! Mao Zedong immediately pointed out that beating soldiers is a bad habit of the old army. Since it is not good, we will hold a movement that abolish the meat torture and dispel the gap between officers and soldiers. The meat punishment is abandoned, and the soldiers must consciously accept management and abide by discipline. If the officers and soldiers are united, they can be indifferent. In opposition to absolute preferentialism, some soldiers proposed that the officials of the officials rode on their horses during the march, and the soldiers walked unreasonable. Mao Zedong immediately persuaded and educated with such a wrong ideological tendency. He pointed out that there are many officials and responsibilities. Of course, the officials still need to ride a horse and further point out that the absolute orientation of this kind of reasons is not right. of.

Soldiers investigated the heart of the army. Under the guidance of Mao Zedong's follow -up, the officers and soldiers of the Red Fourth Army gradually had a clear understanding of various non -proletarian thoughts and consciously accepted Mao Zedong's correct thinking. At the same time, Mao Zedong had a systematic understanding of the types, nature, and roots of various non -proletarian ideas in the army.

Farmers' investigation gathers the hearts of the people

The former site of the farmers' survey meeting in Guanzhuang Village, Xinquan Town -the Tyedhanshan Gong Temple (also known as the "Newspaper Temple") is a brick and wood structure building, with a depth of 13.9 meters and an area of ​​228 square meters. Each one room, the bungalow of the Supreme Courtyard of Xieshan.

The ancestors of the Guanzhuang people lived in farming, diligent and simple, and had a revolutionary spirit of unity to resist oppression, resistance, heroic unyielding, and not afraid of sacrifice. 43 people in the village presented precious lives and became revolutionary martyrs. During the whole training of Xinquan, after Mao Zedong learned about the spirit of the revolutionary struggle of the people of Guanzhuang, he walked 5 Miles to the Guanzhuang to hold the "Farmers Investigation Meeting".

"How many fields do you rented in the past, how many rent do you pay?" "What changes have been changed after the Red Army comes?" ... In the ashanda Gong Temple, Mao Zedong and the farmers pulled their families together, talking and laughing, unrestrained, and harmonious atmosphere. From the time of heaven, land, local customs, and success, to the situation of the land revolution, the masses 'opinions on the Red Army, etc., Mao Zedong always talked with farmers' representatives in a kind tone, while asking serious records while asking serious records while asking serious records. Essence

When talking about the understanding of the revolution and the opinions of the Red Army, everyone did not take the initiative to speak. So, Mao Zedong picked up the kumquat cake on the table and said, "This sweet and fragrant kumquat cake is like the territory of our country. Now imperialism wants to divide it. Do you say, do we want to protect it? "The farmers who attended the meeting replied uniformly:" Yes! "Mao Zedong also said," Yes, we must protect it. Because this kumquat is a farmer, kumquat cakes are the common labor results of our workers and farmers. The Kuomintang reactionaries want to divide this kumquat cake to foreign dogs and robbers, and we cannot agree. Our Communist Party will mobilize the majority of workers and farmers. The cake's dog robbers! "Everyone listened to the white revolutionary truth of Member Mao, and they all expressed their proposition to support the Communist Party's claims to protect their Red Army.

Guanzhuang Farmers' Survey Society of Asumi Temple

Farmers investigated the hearts of the people. By holding a farmer's investigation meeting, Mao Zedong listened to the suffering of the masses, consulting his opinions on the construction of the Red Army, and inquiring about the implementation of the Red Army's execution of discipline. The resolution documents provide a lot of materials and basis.

Zhang's Temple Qingqi

The first red regime of Liancheng County has been established here. Here, the Liannan Shisan Township of the West of Fujian West of Fujian, which is the former site of the Liannan Thirteen Township.

The Zhang family temple covers an area of ​​540 square meters, brick and wood structure, carved bucket arches, and 24 house columns to undertake bucket arches, and four -in -type bungalow. At present, the two corridors still have the slogan of "fighting the land and dividing the fields, all power belongs to the farmer association!"

The Zhang's Temple Qingqi, Liannan Revolution in the West of Fujian. In mid -June 1929, Comrade Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army to drag Longyan, and settled in Xinquan to rest, and personally led Xinquan Workers and Peasants to establish the first red regime in Liancheng County -Liannan District Revolutionary Committee, and organized the Red Fourth Army to part part of the Red Fourth Army. It is refers to the warrior to command the local farmers' armed struggle to fight against the poor and gentlemen, inspire the revolutionary enthusiasm of the people of Xinquan, and lead leading the riots of farmers in the Thirteen Township of Liannan.

Liannan District Revolutionary Committee's former site Zhang's Temple

Under the organizational leadership of the Liannan District Revolutionary Committee, Liannan's Lian Daping, Lingxia, Liangkeng, Lufang, Dago Ping, Zhaoyi (including Guanzhuang), Pattou (including Wukeng), Xianping, Xianping, Xianping (including Wukeng), Xianping , Liankeng's tail, back department (including Anling), Baiyuling, Confucianism, Chenwuping Thirteen Township (Village) established the Farmers Association, and combined with farmers' armed forces. Military riots. Since then, this workers and peasants are active in the south -south villages. They often give the landlords and the people's unintentional blows. They have disintegrated the Kuomintang's rule in the south of Liancheng, and the red areas of Ting, Hangzhou, Yan, and Lianxian are connected into one piece.

Light the road of women's liberation

"Get up early in the morning to sunset ..." Entering the old site of the Night School of Xinquan Workers and Peasants -Zhangjia Temple, the "Women's Liberation Song" sang the "Women's Liberation Song" that night school students once sang in the ears, as if let us return to the new spring labor woman to learn Culture, revolution, and liberation red years. The old site of the night school entered 10.5 meters deep with an area of ​​196 square meters. The axis -like ancestral temple of Xieshan Top in the Courtyard of the Courtyard. Blackboards and more than ten tables and chairs; the Red Army slogans "Military Political Training, strengthen the young pioneer" on the wall of the lower hall. It seems simple here, but it is where countless women change their destiny.

In June 1929, during the period of Mao Zedong led the Fourth Army to the new spring, he went deep into the masses to conduct a social survey. When most Xinquan women had no culture and were not liberated from the feudal restraint, they instructed the person in charge of the Soviet government in Xinquan District Ruiming, Zhang Yuwen and others should establish a night school of women's night schools as soon as possible to help women and the masses break the feudal shackles, break through the dark cage, and be fully liberated in politics and culture. In July of that year, the first women's school in the Central Soviet Area, the Newquan worker and peasant women's night school, officially opened, breaking the old concept of the local "women who do not enter school", and made the majority of women come into contact with progressive ideas. After the launch of the night school, it was welcomed by local women, and soon developed from the original 167 students to more than 100 people.

Zhangjia Temple, the old site of Xinquan Workers and Peasant Women's Night School

The night school was fruity, and the lights were red. Since then, there have been 18 night schools in Liannan District, with more than 700 students. Women in the Central Soviet Area have undergone tremendous changes through learning new culture, receiving new education, and their lives have undergone tremendous changes. They have devoted great enthusiasm to production, front, reddish and armed struggles, setting off a vigorous liberation campaign for women, for the revolution, for the revolution. Victory and construction and development have made positive contributions.

In the 1970s, Xinquan Village restored the Night School of Workers and Peasants, and once again organized students to learn culture, science, and technology, which changed the fate of local women. In April 1979, the Night School of Xinquan Industry and Peasant Women was rated as the "Provincial 38 Red Flag Collective", and in September of the same year, it was rated as "National 38 Red Flag Collective".

Da Rongshu Chuan Essence

The big banyan trees on the south river of Xinquan North Village are leafy and crown. It has witnessed the years of the flames of the Red Fourth Army stationed in Xinquan, and has long become a symbol of red history, and has a different feeling in people's hearts.

On May 21, 1929, the Red Fourth Army entered Xinquan for the first time from Changting Tufang via Luo Di. On the afternoon of this day, Mao Zedong held a mass conference under the big banyan tree. His powerful words inspired the masses, called and guide them to unite, fight local tyrants, divide fields, and establish a revolutionary revolution in workers and peasants. During the "New Spring Training", under the big banyan tree, Mao Zedong and the workers of the poor farmers and the industrial and commercial circles talked about their knees, deeply understood their suffering and demand for the revolution, asked their ideas and suggestions for the Red Army, and inspired their class patiently Awareness, calling on them to resolutely revolution.

Mao Zedong's words were like a bear fire, igniting the revolutionary passion of the Liancheng people. During the second domestic revolutionary war, Liancheng County, with only 110,000 people, had nearly 3,000 people joined the Communist Party of China, more than 10,000 children of Liancheng actively participated in the Red Army and guerrillas. More than 60%of the people participated in local guerrillas and Red Guards. And younger team. This red hot land raised outstanding children such as Lieutenant General Zhang Nansheng, Major General Yang Shangru, Major General Zhang Shuifa, "Red Agent" Xiang and Niannan, Jiang Yizhen and other outstanding children.

Nowadays, under the green shade of the big banyan tree, the lecturer and old party member Zhang Kaitao will often tell everyone about the red story of Xinquan's training. According to Wu Huaisheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of Xinquan Town, the lecturer of the "Dan Rongshu Forum" is mainly composed of the old party members, descendants of the Red Army, and retired teachers. Essence After more than three years of creation, the "Ball Rongshu Forum" has become an important brand of Liancheng's publicity and ideology. It has organized a total of more than 200 periods of preaching, and a total of more than 30,000 people participated in the study.

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