Reading 丨 Lu Xun, the national "teaching materials" for 100 years

Core reading

▲ Although Lu Xun was "withdrawn from the textbook", the fact is that no matter which version of the Chinese textbooks, Lu Xun is the most selected writer.

▲ As early as he died, Lu Xun's works were selected as primary and secondary school textbooks. For a hundred years, he never interrupted it, and even entered the textbooks of Dayan and South Korea and Vietnam.

▲ Lu Xun's works are really difficult to "learn", but different ages are different Lu Xun. Even in the classroom, Lu Xun's works can be inspired and thought, which is one of the most meaningful "textbooks" of the people.

Lu Xun's "textbook" in the past century

In response to the rumors of the deletion of Lu Xun's works on the Internet again, on June 29, the People's Education Press issued a long text on his WeChat account saying that Mr. Lu Xun's work has never "evacuated the textbook" on a large scale. In a large number of data examples, it strongly proves that "Mr. Lu Xun has been walking with children who use primary and secondary school materials."

Whether Lu Xun's works "withdraw" the Chinese textbooks and whether the middle school education is "going to Lu Xun" is almost a "periodic" social hotspot issue, and it will come to a wave every few years. However, as the human education community said, since the founding of New China, although the Chinese textbooks have undergone multiple adjustments in primary and secondary schools, Lu Xun has always been the most selected writer of textbooks.

In fact, Lu Xun's works are favored by textbooks and have a hundred years of history. As early as the early 1920s, Lu Xun just became famous in the literary world, and his works entered the school textbook.

From 1922 to 1924, the Minzhi Book Bureau published a set of "Mandarin Reading of Mandarin Middle School", with a revenue of 21 works in Lu Xun -but not the most, and his younger brother Zhou Zuoren, with 27 articles.

Since then, the "Mandarin and Chinese Language" published by the Commercial Press from 1923-1924, "Mandarin and Chinese Language" published by the Chinese Book Company from 1928-1929, "New Chinese New Chinese Language" published by the World Book Company 1936-1937 Wait for dozens of textbooks, and choose one of less than ten articles, as many as ten articles.

Even a few of the science books in the occupied area under the Japanese puppet rule have also been selected into Lu Xun's works.

These textbooks are widely selected as the themes of the works, with essays, novels, prose, and even translations, classical Chinese, and academic works. Among them, the most selected original works include "Autumn Night", "Duck's Drama", "Smart Man and Fools and Slaves", "Kong Yiji", "Hometown", "Snow" and so on.

"Kong Yiji" illustration

In the textbooks in the base and liberation areas, Lu Xun's works are essential. On the textbooks published by Xinhua Bookstores in various places at that time, the most common works of Lu Xun were "A Tips", "A True Story of Ah Q", "Kong Yiji", "Linko", "We No longer deceived", "The public is not as imagined by the scholars. Stupid "and so on.

"A Q Turnive" stills

Since 1949, almost all sets of Chinese textbooks have selected a considerable number of Lu Xun works, and the number of miscellaneous texts is the largest.

During the "Cultural Revolution", the universal Chinese textbooks were canceled, and Chinese textbooks were written by themselves. In the first two or three years, Lu Xun's work was expelled from the middle school Chinese textbook. After a few years, he began to be recovered with caution. In 1970, the scope of the lifting of literary works further expanded. By 1972, as long as Lu Xun's works were not banned. In the middle and late stages of the "Cultural Revolution", when other writers and works were banned, Lu Xun's work became the only literary textbook in the Chinese language class.

According to the statistics of Chen Shuyu in "Lu Xun in Textbooks", reform and opening up in the early 1990s, there were 28 works selected in the Chinese textbooks. After the mid -1990s, the "Latinos of the Capitalist" and "African State" theory of "The Capitalist of the False House" were removed. The total number of Lu Xun's works decreases compared with previously, which was maintained at about 15 articles.

Data Tu Lu Xun "Hometown"

It is worth mentioning that in the 1950s and 1960s, in the textbooks of "Literature Selection" used in Vietnam, which belonged to a socialist camp, we used the works such as "A Q Turnive" as a textbook. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, South Korea translated Lu Xun's works, and in 2001, he also published the book "The True Story of Junior High School Students". Japan has favored Lu Xun. Its educational standards stipulate that junior high school students across the country must learn "Hometown", and high school students must learn "Mr. Fujino".

"One is afraid of classical Chinese, two -afraid of writing, and three fear of Zhou Shuren?"

The so -called "Lu Guo Mao, Bao Lao Cao", Lu Xun sat firmly in the history of modern Chinese literature, and was already the leader of the literary world before his death. On the occasion of Lu Xun's death in 1937, Mao Zedong made a report on "On Lu Xun", saying that Lu Xun was "the first saint in China", thinking that "Confucius is the saint of feudal society, and Lu Xun is the saint of New China." In "New Democraticism", he wrote this paragraph that includes three "great" and seven "most" words:

"Lu Xun is the leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. He is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun's bones are the hardest. He has no slavery and bones. Personality. Lu Xun is the most correct, brave, most resolute, most loyal, and most unprecedented national hero on behalf of the entire nation on the cultural front. The direction of Lu Xun is the new culture of the Chinese nation. The direction. "

On the one hand, the founder of Chinese modern literature on the altar, but on the other hand, it was passed on to middle school students, "one is afraid of classical Chinese, two fear of writing, and three fear of Zhou Shu people." The students felt that Lu Xun's works could not understand at all, and the teacher felt that the teaching of Lu Xun's work was time -consuming and laborious. As a research expert in Lu Xun, Chen Shuyu summarized the major difficulties of Lu Xun, mainly:

Words are difficult. For example, "Bai Mang's Preface", saying that revolutionary poetry is "the bigness of the love for the predecessor and the monument to the destroyer." Similar words like "这", general students are not allowed to read, and they are difficult to write; there are many foreign languages ​​and classical words in the works. Just as today's elderly people do not understand some network terms, contemporary teenagers will inevitably produce diaphragms to read the diaphragm. Essence

Different from the difficulty of style. The current definition of cultural and sports is increasingly clearer, but in the early days of the May 4th New Culture Movement, even the style of modern short stories was introduced from the West, and there was no clear concept of style. Like "A Little Things", Lu Xun included it in the collection of novels, but it may not be invisible as a prose. "Passenger" in the collection of prose poems "Weed" will definitely be regarded as the only drama today.

Lu Xun "Weekly"

The theme is difficult to grasp. The language teacher analyzes the text, and always cut into three major pieces: the background of the times, theme thoughts, and artistic characteristics. However, Lu Xun's works have profound ideas, and the themes often have openness, complexity, and versatility. The understanding of different readers often has different focus, and it is difficult to draw one. For example, the article "Kong Yiji" is usually understood as exposing the destruction of the feudal imperial examination system to the scholars, but Lu Xun himself pointed the criticism of the criticism to the shopkeeper and wine guest of Xianheng Hotel, including the guy, and the distress of their indifference to the suffering people. , Lack of sincerity and love.

The hardest thing is "Knowing the World". The writing of Lu Xun's works has a specific situation. It is often aimed at the moment of the characters in the pen. It is difficult to determine its coffin. For example, Lu Xun criticized Gu Jiegang, Gao Changhong, Liang Shiqiu, Lin Yutang, Zhou Yang, Guo Moruo ... For example, Lu Xun said that "Chinese characters will die in China", "Chinese medicine is just an intentional or unintentional scammer". There are also many historical events involved in Lu Xun's works. A short "Self -preface" mentioned the "Literature Revolution", the Revolution of 1911, the Second Revolution, Yuan Shikai's Emperor, Zhang Xun's restoration ... For these history, the generation of generations of post -90s and 00 will naturally feel strange. In recent decades, people have been constantly making articles, even the "May Fourth Movement", "female teacher's trend", and the "March 18th tragedy" case, often people are turning over, often dazzling today's teachers and students, feeling that they feel dazzled and feel that they feel that the teachers and students are dazzled. No one.

Different ages Lu Xun

Regarding the addition and deletion of Lu Xun's works in primary and secondary school textbooks, the relevant departments have explained that some people are intentionally creating topics. The changes in some articles are just the reform or adjustment of the curriculum, such as some "compulsory" works have been "elective" and so on.

Many of Lu Xun's articles were written after the age of 40, and it was really not suitable for reading for primary and secondary school students. From the perspective of classroom learning, primary and secondary school students may not be easy to resonate with Lu Xun nearly a century ago.

Lu Xun's "Juvenile Earth" illustration

Nevertheless, primary and secondary school students need to approach Lu Xun and contact Lu Xun. As experts say, for classic works, they cannot be required to "understand". Comprehension.

At different ages, you will read different Lu Xun. Perhaps the child who did not understand Lu Xun in the class in the classroom could feel Lu Xun's profound and unique day on one day.

Moreover, Lu Xun's image is by no means a few texts that can be reflected, and all the works of Lu Xun are about 10 million words. Relatively such a large -scale work, several texts selected for textbooks are obviously too thin and cannot support Lu Xun's three -dimensional image.

The young netizen who was a headache for Lu Xun for a while, now he is also happy to play "two jujube trees", "dreams are good; otherwise, money is tight," such as celebrity quotes. Lu Xun, who is "bitter" and the topic is very "boring", and "deep", has become the "top flow of the Chinese Internet golden sentence world" today. This is not a young man's love and acceptance of Lu Xun.

Of course, Lu Xun has deeper value and significance. Qian Liqun once said: "For Chinese generation reformers and intellectuals, Lu Xun's importance to the country is not only reflected in the field of literature. His works encourage people to reflect on society. Even if you read Lu Xun's works now, You can still be strongly inspired. "

The huge buildings are always stacked from one wood and stone. Why should we do this wood and one stone? I often do something fragmented.

—— Lu Xun: This is what I said

Even in the classroom, Lu Xun's work is one of the most meaningful "textbooks" of the people, which will always promote us to wake up and reflect.

—— Lu Xun: This is not what I said.

(Jinan Daily reporter Li Xuemeng)

Edit: Zhang Yu

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