The 5,000 -year history of Chinese civilization is by no means a legendary Wang Wei: the empirical results of the exploration source project have been recognized internationally

Question of 5,000 years of civilization in China?

"We are the descendants of Yan and Huang", "Chinese civilization for 5,000 years" ... I believe most Chinese have such cognition since childhood. However, until the end of the last century, some people at home and abroad have been suspected or even denied the history of civilization in the Chinese nation for more than 5,000 years. They believe that the records of the five emperors in the literature are just legends, and they are not faithful. According to Wang Wei, many people in the Chinese historian believe that Chinese civilization begins with summer, and some foreign scholars and individual domestic scholars even deny the real existence of the Xia Dynasty.

In the 1980s, Wang Wei went to study in Japan 5 years after working at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He was surprised to find that when the Japanese academic community mentioned Chinese civilization, almost all of the Yin Ruins, which were about 3,000 years ago, began. Therefore, more and more archeologists believe that "to eliminate the question of social and academic circles, there is only one way out: through new archeological discoveries, new materials to study and empirical the origin of Chinese civilization, formation and development, to prove China to China Whether civilization has a history of five thousand years. "

At the end of 2001, after the "Xia, Commercial and Zhou Dynasties Project" fell behind, the "China Civilization Source Project" was established. Its core goal points to "Chinese civilization 5,000 years" is historical or legend. The project implementation time was divided into five stages from 2002 to 2024. From the pre -research of 2002 to the first four stages, Wang Wei and Professor Zhao Hui, a professor at Peking University, are the main person in charge.

This is by far, the world's largest comprehensive research project with the largest scale, the most participating disciplines, and the highest science and technology content has been studied in ancient civilization. More than 20 disciplines and about 400 scholars participated in the study directly, of which nearly half were professors, and many academicians of the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Engineering, and members of the Academy of Social Sciences participated.

In Wang Wei's view, this project is the inconsistent responsibility of Chinese scholars. "Because of the origin, formation and development of civilization, it is a worldwide subject, and it has always been concerned about the international academic circles. China is one of the ancient civilizations in the world. The only ancient civilization that has not been interrupted and continued to this day, we need to figure out the process, background, power, mechanism and characteristics of its origin, formation and development, which is also a contribution to the research of world civilization. "

Under the academic goal of "whether Chinese civilization has five thousand years of history", the Chinese civilization exploration source project has decomposed multiple academic research directions: when will Chinese civilization be formed? What kind of development process has been experienced? What is the sign of civilization? Is there any sign of all seas? When does the historical pattern of Chinese civilization centered on the middle of the Yellow River form, and why can it form such a pattern? How can I connect with the external world during the formation of Chinese civilization? And what are the role of these connections on the formation and development of Chinese civilization, and so on.

Based on archeology, the project is based on more than 20 disciplines such as literature history, ancient literature, biology, and astronomy, and jointly related to multi -disciplines. Comprehensive research.

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Achievement

Empirical 5,000 years of Chinese civilization is long and long flows

In 2004, the first phase of the China Civilization Source Project was launched. The project targets the goal of "the study of civilization form in the Central Plains in 1500 BC -1500 BC". Wang Wei explained that the reason why it started from the Central Plains is because the region's archeological and cultural spectrum has been established, and there are more historical documents and ancient historical legends as a reference, which is easier to promote related research. In the following stages, the spatial range of the project has been expanded from the middle of the Yellow River to the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, middle, downstream, and Liaohe Basin in the Yangtze River.

A series of major archaeological results have continued to appear, and it is by no means a legend that the 5,000 -year history of Chinese civilization has proved by the inevitable facts.

Wang Wei introduced that the first result of the project was to build a more detailed archaeological cultural and cultural watch in various regions in the evolution of Chinese civilization. Archaeological found that the Yangshao Culture Temple under the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the early Dawenkou culture in the lower Yellow River, the Daxi culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Songze culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Hongshan culture in the Xiliao River Basin are already early. About 6000 years ago. The Chengdu Plain Baodun Culture has more than 4,500 years, and the first year of Sanxingdui culture is more than 3500 years.

Wang Wei showed the annual archeological culture of all regions.

The project also focused on the four capitals and more than 40 regions to carry out field archeological surveys, excavation and multidisciplinary research in key areas, and achieved very important results.

The four metropolitan sites are Zhejiang Liangzhu Sites, Shanxi Tao Temple Site, Shaanxi Shizhen Site, and Henan Erlitou site.

After many years of excavation, archeologists have found that the Liangzhu site, which is about 5,300 years ago, has achieved the governance form of deity and king's rights.

The Shanxi Tao Temple site found a large large city site of 2.8 million square meters. The oldest viewing table in the world, the magnificent large palaces of the world were unearthed, and found Zhu Shu Taowen, Dragon Tao Pan, the earliest bronze container, etc., revealing an early stage The grand weather of the national capital. It is likely that the academic community is likely to be the "capital of Emperor Yao".

Shaanxi Shijie site "Shi Bo Tian Zhan" with a giant city site of about 4 million square meters. The large -scale city site, majestic architecture, and the earliest oral strings, exquisite jade articles in the world, and other discoveries, showing that in the Longshan era of Wanbang's forestry, the lighthouse of civilization has stood on the Loess Plateau. There are many foundations in Chinese civilization, which is not limited to the Central Plains region in the middle of the Yellow River.

Henan's Erlitou site is large and its layout is strict. Whether it is the planning concept, the palace system, or the unearthed cultural relics, it also shows that the earliest wide -area kingdom country in East Asia has formed.

Wang Wei said that since the project was officially launched in 2004, in nearly a thousand archeological excavations across the country, the excavation project of the exploration source project has won as many as a dozen major archaeological discoveries in the country and the six major new archaeological discoveries in China. Liangzhu and Shi Yan have also been selected as the world's top ten major archeological discoveries selected by the first World Archaeological Forum. In addition, the Chinese civilization exploration source project has also been selected as nine major research results in the world.

Wang Wei

significance

Proposal to judge the Chinese plan to enter civilized social standards

From the perspective of the academic world, in addition to empirical existence of the true existence of Chinese civilization in the 5,000 -year -old Chinese civilization project, an important contribution is to propose a Chinese plan to judge the social standards of civilization.

Prior to this, the standard of civilization was mentioned, and the three elements of metallurgical, text, and cities summarized by the Western academic community must be. However, in archeological practice, Wang Wei discovered that these three elements were summarized from the Egyptian civilization and the two river basin civilizations. However, looking at the whole world, "The Mayan civilization in Central America, its astronomical calendar is very powerful, but there is no metallurgical; and there is no text in Machu in South America, but it has not denied its civilization internationally. The standards of the three elements cannot be regarded as a Gui. "Wang Wei specifically mentioned Sanxingdui," No text has been found so far. If you come to this route, it will be difficult to demonstrate. "

Therefore, Chinese researchers have begun to understand and explain the concepts of civilization -what is civilization? The formation of civilization is based on the origin of civilization. The material and spiritual culture reaches a new height. It is important that social organizations have reached a new stage, and cities, classes, royal rights and countries have emerged.

In the absence of text, what evidence can prove that the king and the country has occurred? Archaeologists took the time to find the capital city and found large capital sites as breakthroughs. Large cities such as Tao Temple, Liangzhu, and Shijie were discovered in this context.

This is a clear logic. Wang Wei said that the emergence of the national kingship must first have the capital. Generally, as the capital of the capital, it must be a huge scale, with a clear functional partition, and a large amount of manpower is needed to build. Secondly, if the country must have a king, there must be a palace where the king lives and office. They can only show their distinguished identity only with large scale and production. After the death of the king, there will be a large tomb with rich funerals and huge scale. In addition, when a clear class appears in a country, there will be a set of rituals that show the noble status of the noble class. Of course, the state still rely on violence to maintain social rule, so war and violence are indispensable, and these reasoning can be empirical through archeology. In fact, in archeology, people can often see several or even dozens of weapons in high -grade tombs, and some people will be buried. "This situation is obviously the phenomenon of kingship and national class society. We are in. When you see these phenomena in archeology, you can demonstrate that it enters the stage of the country and civilization. "

Wang Wei believes that the Chinese plan proposed by the Chinese academic community has entered a civilized social standard. "It should be said that in the world, whether it is Egypt, the two river basins, or Maya, etc. The palace, some are temples such as ancient Egypt; as for the gift instrument China selected bronze, there may be golden wares over there, but there will always be such a set of things. "

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