Explorer "Pioneer Officer" | "Xi He" leads China to enter the era of independent exploration

Pracees are germinated, everything grows, and human production and life cannot be separated from the sun. The sun is the largest celestial body in the solar system. It is about 150 million kilometers (a astronomical unit) from the earth. It is the closest star to the earth and has the closest relationship with human relations.

About 4.6 billion years ago, the sun was formed by the collapse and condensation of Nebula under the action of its own gravity in about 26,000 light years. 10,000 kilometers is 107 times that of the earth, with the mass of 200 billion tons, which is 330 million times the earth, accounting for 99.87%of the total quality of the entire solar system.

From the boasting father to chase the sun to two children's debate to the "羲" to explore the sun, the Chinese nation's curiosity and exploration of the sun never stopped. On October 14, 2021, my country's first solar detection science and technical test satellite "Xihe" was successfully launched, and my country officially entered the "exploration" era.

For a year, the National Aerospace Administration has organized engineering task teams such as aerospace technology group and Nanjing University to conduct more than 300 technical tests of super high -point accuracy and high stability technology tests for satellite platforms, and more than 1,000 sunlight imaging. "No." Testing and experimental work has achieved important results, including 5 international first achievements:

For the first time, the spectral scanning of the solar Hα band is achieved, and the response process of the solar activity in the light ball layer and the color ball layer is recorded;

For the first time, the Sun Hα spectrum, SI i, and Fei spectrum were obtained in the orbit, and the complete line outline was obtained;

For the first time, a non -contact magnetic floating satellite platform based on the "dynamic isolation and main collaboration" mode has been adopted to achieve ultra -high -directional accuracy and stable accuracy satellite platform technology in rail performance verification and engineering application;

For the first time, the Hα spectrum imaginger is applied by the solar space, and the spectrum resolution is better than 0.0024nm;

For the first time, the rail high -precision atomic frequency solar speed measuring navigator was verified, and the speed measurement accuracy was better than 2m/s.

The solar Hα spectrum is one of the spectrums generated by the electronic energy level transition after the interaction of the photon and the hydrogen atom. It is the strongest color ball spectrum that responds to when the solar erupted, which can directly reflect the characteristics of the source area of ​​the explosion. Previously, it could only be detected on the earth. Due to the disturbance of the atmosphere, the detection data was not continuous and unstable.

The main scientific load carried by the "Hehe" satellite -Hα imaging spectrometer performs high resolution imaging (resolution of 0.0024 nanometer). Each spectrum scanning image actually contains more than 300 photos, which corresponds to light respectively The sun images of the ball and the color balls are equivalent to making a "CT" scan for the low -level atmosphere of the sun. On each "CT" diagram, it reflects nearly 16 million points on the sun.

"Hehe" full -day HA -band spectrum scanning imaging

In addition to the solar Hα spectrum, "Jihe" also obtained the Si i spectrum and Fe i spectrum at the same time. Especially the Si i spectrum line was covered up by the water molecular spectrum of the earth during the ground.

The relevant experiments carried out by the "Xiehe" satellite in the orbit are the first time in the world to conduct Hα spectrum research in space. At present, two Sun exploration international scientific achievements have been obtained, which has significantly improved my country's international influence in the field of solar physics. force.

"Hehe" adopts the "Double Super" satellite platform design with an ultra -high -directional accuracy and ultra -high stability. In the orbiting technology, a new method of designing the overall design of "Dynamic isolation and non -contact" is adopted to physical isolation of the platform compartment from the load compartment to block the effects of the micro -vibration of the platform cabin on load work. 1-2 quantitative levels reached the international advanced level.

Sun exploration science and technology test satellite

Satellites fly in space. How to accurately obtain your own position and speed is the first problem to solve.

The cars driving on the earth can master their own position through the navigation system in real time. But satellites float in heaven, and it is more difficult to position than positioning the car. How is it difficult?

Compared with the near -ground space task, the moon can only rely on the traditional radio ranging and speed measurement methods because there is no auxiliary of the navigation satellite. However, radio navigation will decrease significantly with the increase of satellite flight distance, which is difficult to determine the position and speed of satellites in space in time.

When sunlight reaches a satellite that moves in space, frequency changes will occur, which is usually Doppler frequency movement. When the wave source movement, the wavelength received by the direction of its movement will be shorter (the frequency will increase), and the receiving wavelength will become longer (the frequency will decrease) in the direction of its movement. Simply put, "the moving object squeeze the waveform in front of it is more dense, and the rear stretching is more sparse." Frequent size is proportional to the speed of satellites relative to the sun. Therefore, if the frequency changes in sunlight can be measured, you can also know the speed of the satellite's view of the sun.

The atomic frequency solar speed measuring instrument carried by the "Hehe" is the first time that the atomic frequency principle has been adopted on the orbit. After the actual test, the speed measurement accuracy of the navigator is better than 2 meters per second.

The navigator uses the super fine spectrum of sodium atoms itself as the frequency standard to determine the frequency changes of sunlight in real time and accurately obtain the viewing speed of the satellite relative to the solar. It provides a new type of speed measurement technical means for independent navigation in the future deep -space detection tasks, consolidating my country's original technology accumulation in the field of deep space detection, and promoting the application of atomic frequency and related technologies in the aerospace field. The influence of the sun on the earth is omnipresent, which is mainly reflected in the outbreak of the solar explosion, which has a large amount of high -energy particles, which has severely damaged the earth's electromagnetic environment. Among them, the impact of the sun sunspots, the spots, and the coronation material on the earth's electromagnetic environment is the most significant.

Sun activity such as strong and daily coronal materials interferes with communication and navigation, threatening the health of astronauts, and even destroying astronauts. It has not only important scientific significance for the observation and research of solar activities, but also great application value.

In addition, through the detection of the sun, human beings can in -depth understanding of important physical processes such as the origin and evolution of celestial magnetic fields, acceleration and dissemination of high -energy particles, etc., which is of great significance to the research of celestial physics.

The Sun activity cycle is about 11 years, and from 2021 to 2022 is the beginning of the 25th solar activity cycle since human beings. The world has entered a new peak period of Sun research.

my country has now formulated two solar detection programs, "Jihe" and "Advanced Tianji Sun Observatory". This is the Chinese plan and the contribution of the sun detection.

The scientific goal of "Hehe" is to carry out the internationally internationally carried out space Hα spectrum imaging detection to establish a strong support for the establishment of a solar outbreak energy transmission model. After the successful launch of the "Hehe" in October last year, the task team carried out various track tests, which had been operating in the orbit for nearly a year.

Sun exploration science and technology test satellite simulation high -definition map

"Advanced Tiandi Sun Observatory" is a comprehensive Sun Observation Satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. With "one magnetic and two violence" as a scientific goal, it is observed to the solar spots, daily crowned substances, and full -time vector magnetic fields. The origin, interaction and relationship between the two violence "provide support for the catastrophic weather forecast that seriously affects the normal life of human beings. It is planned to be launched in October this year.

Source | National Space Administration News Propaganda Center

Edit | Liu Yan Zhang Wei Zhou Xinyue

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