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The famous Russian poet Pushkin (1799-1837) with the reputation of "the Sun of Poetry", using the eight years (1823-1830), created a Russian outstanding literary critic Buinski (1811-1848), known as "" The Encyclopedia of Russia's Life and the most popular works "The novel" Yefu Gini Onekin ". This basic theme is to describe the works of noble intellectuals from the people. Through the portrayal of several educated aristocratic men and women, such as Oneniekin, Dajiana, etc., they widely display the pictures of the real life of Russian society in the 1820s. Creating the "extra person" image first.

"Yefu Gini One" described: At that time, an aristocratic Uninnien felt social life and boring, left the capital, and came to the countryside. He rejected the love of the daughter of the landlord of the other province, and killed his friend Liaski in the duel. He returned to Petersburg after roaming throughout the country and met Dajirana again. At this time, Dajiana had become a lady in the community. One of Aiekin pursued her and was rejected.

Oneskin is the first "extra person" in Russian literature. He has been influenced by capitalist civilization and is interested in the application of science and technology in agriculture. He has also had a enthusiastic dream, hoping to have some capitalist changes in Russia. However, the Russian that he saw was ignorant and behind him. And Aiekin, who grew up in the noble environment, is far away from the people, and it is impossible to see the power and road of changing Russian society. As a result, the enthusiasm disappeared, his dream was shattered, and he had nothing to do all day. He indulged in the dance, theater, drunk and beautiful women to fill his inner emptiness. Unkin contempt for Russian noble society and was unwilling to serve as a public office, but he was unable to break with this society. As Russian writer Herzen (1812-1870) said: "Oneskin is a leisurely person, because he never does anything, he is an extra person within his scope." Such people are in People who are more than around them are dissatisfied with their living environment, but because they are far away from the people, they have to live in it. This is a very prominent phenomenon of Russian society in the 19th century. "Surgery" is a typical product of a specific historical period. These aristocratic intellectuals have a certain criticism of society, but far away from the people, there is nothing. This is the fundamental reason why they eventually become tragedy. By shaping this typical, Pushkin actually condemns the autocratic serf society that forms this personality. But from the perspective of historical development, "extra people" are not extra, and they have completed their mission. Pushkin's great achievement was that he first grasped and truly reproduced the typical character that had just appeared.

In the novel, the heroine Dajiana is a so -called ideal noble woman image in Pushkin. She does not like the mediocre life of landlords in other provinces, loves to read Richard and Rousseau's works, and cherishes Russia's natural scenery. Legendary and fairy tale fantasy world. Pushkin emphasized that her love for Aiekin is pure and sincere, and is used to compare with the noble society. In fact, her spiritual world is quite narrow. Later, she violated her wishes and married an old general to become a celebrity of the Petersburg noble salon.

This poetic novel writes a typical personality in the typical environment, which has played a great role in establishing Russia's criticism of realist literature. The characters are relatively distinctive and dramatic. The details are simple and accurate. While describing the social life of noble landlords, it also expressed the national customs of Russia with simple brushstrokes, and also satirized the kind of urban aristocratic and rural landlords. The screen was relatively broad and had certain criticism. The novel absorbs some of the artistic skills of British poet Byron's long poems, and uses large -scale lyrical narratives. The whole poem is divided into eight chapters, each chapter is different, each section of fourteen lines; the verses are smooth and changeable.

The famous Soviet writer Gorky's evaluation of "Yefugini Onekin" is: "A precious historical document, which is more authentic than the dozens of books that has so far depicts the appearance of the times."

Author: Wang Shuren

Source: "Language News · Senior Grade Edition"

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