Yuan Story │ "Master -level New Campus" is around

"Famous door."

After learning the "life" of Jinglong Elementary School, I had to say such a word in my heart. Shortly after the newspaper moved to the Futian District Commercial Daily New Media Building, Jinglong Primary School was put into use after basically completing the reconstruction. I just faintly feel that the school's architecture seems a bit different from the campus.

After some understanding, more details have gradually displayed: Jinglong Elementary School is a school that was recently completed in the first season of the "New Campus Action" in Shenzhen.

And its designer is Zhang Yonghe -the famous international architect, known as the "father of Chinese modernist architecture", and former director of the Department of Architecture Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Shenzhen Jinglong Elementary School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, like this, looks so far away, is actually true. In fact, in Shenzhen's "New Campus Action", the connection between this well -known architect and the campus of Shenzhen primary and secondary schools is by no means alone.

He Jianxiang, a designer of Hongling Experimental Primary School, who began to start with the "New Campus Action", has won the Gold Award of Public Construction in Barcelona World Architecture Festival.

Shi Xia Elementary School was converted and was designed by Wang Weiren's Architectural Design Law. Wang Weiren is a professor at the Department of Architecture of the University of Hong Kong.

Gu Daqing, Huang Juzheng, Zhu Rongyuan, Zhu Jingxiang, Zeng Qun ... Since the beginning of 2017, these familiar names in the international and domestic architecture community are active in the "New Campus Actions" curation, review and design.

The reconstruction of Shenzhen campus has become a carnival of a well -known international architect. This can't help me have a strong interest in "New Campus Actions". So, I found the pusher behind the scene -Zhou Hongmei.

High -density campus difficulties

On WeChat, I interviewed Zhou Hongmei, saying "long -lasting and long -lasting", of course, it is polite. However, after seeing it, I found out that I had seen her. Twelve years ago, the "Big Fen Lisa" of the Shenzhen Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo was from her creativity. At that time, I was a reporter from the Jingbao Special Expo. She naturally had some exchanges with her as the core creators of the Shenzhen Pavilion. Twelve years later, Zhou Hongmei had a highly recognizable shawl long hair and did not change; the very recognizable fast -moving language did not change.

After the Shanghai World Expo, I did not interact with her at work. It was only known that the Pingshan Cultural Settings and Nanshan Vientiane World, and the contests and selection of design schemes were hosted by Zhou Hongmei, deputy director of the City and Architectural Design Division of the Shenzhen Planning and Land Commission.

"This belongs to public design," Zhou Hongmei taught me a term.

In 2017, Zhou Hongmei, who was transferred to the Deputy Director of the Futian Administration of the Shenzhen Municipal Regulatory Commission, encountered a difficult problem. The demand for degrees in the central urban area has grown rapidly, especially as Futian District, as the central area of ​​the city, and can no longer be described as "inch soil gold". A large number of primary and secondary schools in Fukuda have to be expanded and transformed in order to meet the degree needs.

There is a contradiction in it: the plot ratio (the ratio of the land area to the building area). In order to accommodate more people, most communities in Shenzhen Center are not low. The residential area is not a problem. The public space in the community is more forced. The door is closed and does not affect the life. However, school's plot ratio should not be too high.

According to the relevant national standards, general elementary school campus plot ratio does not exceed 1.0, and middle schools do not exceed 1.5. Most of these areas in Shenzhen, especially the central area, are undoubtedly very luxurious and unrealistic. There was a report about a middle school in Futian Middle District. When it comes to the campus environment, the school's plot ratio reached 3.87 removed from the track and field field. It is almost three times that of domestic general primary and secondary schools. This is normal in Shenzhen.

In order to accommodate more students, the reconstruction plan of some schools is to cover the teaching building. This is not a way. According to my country's "Design Specifications for Primary and Middle Schools", the teaching building of primary schools generally cannot exceed four floors, and the teaching building of middle schools should generally not exceed five floors. For the physical strength of elementary school students and junior high school students, the fifth floor and fifth floor are also the limit of climbing up and down daily.

Finally, there is an opportunity to make Zhou Hongmei feel that it is necessary.

Anto Mountain, a hill in the northwest corner of Futian District, is famous for its granitaries in the mountains and stones. Anto Shan Elementary School is located at the foot of the mountain at the foot of the mountain. Originally planned 24 classes. Because of the huge degree gap, it must be expanded to 36 classes.

As a result, Zhou Hongmei saw the school's reform and expansion initial construction plan, trying to increase various functional classrooms and increase the number of teaching floors. In the words of Zhou Hongmei, "the space quality is seriously out of control." But how can the contradiction between the narrow space and the huge degree gaps do not solve it?

How to build a "high -density school", Shenzhen must find a way out.

"We can only take back 10 days." Zhou Hongmei said, because the design plan was adjusted, it was based on the premise of unable to disrupt the project's project plan. After a lapse of 5 years, it was said that the clouds were light and light afterwards, but at that time it was a light light fire; the "speed speed" found three design companies, and proposed a "brief case" of the school's re -positioning and design. Zhou Hongmei invited architects on both sides of the strait, educational experts, and government departments for many years of work. Soon, the "multi -layer, high -density composite campus" plan provided by the source plan of He Jianxiang stood out. "I know that he (He Jianxiang) can fight hard, he is also a unique architect in the Pearl River Delta." With Zhou Hongmei's personality, she is suspicious. Later facts prove that her choice is wrong.

In the following 5 years, Zhou Hongmei, in the materials that and reported to the leaders, often the reconstruction of Antoshan Primary School (Hongling Experimental Primary School) as a prelude to the "New Campus Action" in Shenzhen. This "historical status" has no controversy in the industry today.

Where is the new campus? How can it solve the dilemma of high -density campuses? Zhou Hongmei suggested that I take a look at it on the spot.

▲ "New Campus Action" behind the scenes Zhou Hongmei

Break the question Anto Mountain

"It's really too small", I couldn't help sighing in front of Hongling Experimental Primary School. A small block of 100 meters at the foot of Anto, accurately calculated, covers an area of ​​10062 square meters. It can be used as a prompt that the area of ​​a standard football field is 7,140 square meters. In other words, the school's site is only about 1/3 larger than the football field.

Mr. Peng, director of the school office, welcomed me into the school gate. At that time reminded me of a sentence in Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Source": suddenly cheerful.

Entering the gate is a sinking courtyard. There are various flowers and trees, basketball courts, swimming pools, and venues of community activities in the courtyard. There is a negative layer in the courtyard to the half -open sky. There are art spaces such as dance rooms, music rooms, art rooms. Standing in it, through the floor -to -ceiling windows, it seems as if it is integrated and outdoor.

The sinking courtyard upward is a ladder leading to two U -shaped teaching buildings. Whenever major cultural and sports activities, the sinking courtyard is transformed into the theater and stage, and the stairs become a stand. This structure reminds me of the ancient Greek theater.

The teaching building of Hongling Experimental Primary School is not as square as traditional school architecture, but is ingeniously in the shape of E -shaped to form two atriums. And the atrium is connected with a flying bridge. Students walk on the overpass, and they are full of childishness between get out of class.

The public activities on each floor of the teaching building are very open. Although they are on holidays, they can imagine that children usually run around, and the probability of hitting others is very low.

The classrooms of primary and secondary schools are always four or four, and it seems to be righteous. However, the classroom of Hongling Experimental Primary School was designed as a hexagon. The partitions between the classrooms are active and can be randomly divided into class. Students' daily diversity is the choice of diversity, not step by step.

The top floor is the aerial gardening field. Teacher Peng said that this is the seeds brought by the students themselves, planting themselves, and watering themselves. The gardens operated by the children themselves are also lush.

At this time, I remembered the data learned from Zhou Hongmei before the interview: Hongling Experimental Primary School's construction area was 35588 square meters. The high plot ratio of 3.5 is definitely among domestic elementary school campuses. But this lap does not have a sense of depression and force. What I think of is transparent, loose, and diverse. These words flash now.

Of course, this is not my feeling alone. After the completion of the Hongling Experimental Primary School in 2019, the team that came to visit across the country was endless. It has become the "endorsement" campus of Shenzhen's "new campus action".

After the visit, I couldn't wait to ask the designer He Jianxiang, how did he "make a dojo in the screw case" and make such a rich campus space in this narrow field?

"Trial education has led to the uniform architecture of the school, which is basically a regulatory and mechanical space." He Jianxiang said in WeChat, so when he took over the design of Hongling Experimental Primary School, the first consideration was to allow the child to "freely freely Exploration ", so we must pursue a harmony between children and space in the design.

Therefore, he designed the classroom as hexagonal, and the wall was removed. To maintain visual communication with the outside world through large windows, to break the "sense of detention" of the classroom; he distributed 36 classes on 3 teaching floors, 12 classes on each floor, 12 , In line with the psychological experience of children's community; the outdoor space is open and the terrain is appropriate to adapt to children's psychological perception and game scenes; he arranges a large number of three -dimensional greening on the campus, so that the relationship between children and nature can be affected ...

"This is definitely a very different school that is very different from the traditional discipline and rules." He Jianxiang has full confidence in this. "Such campus can create a diverse and rich urban space for the cultivation of our future successors. "

Cultivating the "successor", He Jianxiang used a word with his own era to express his understanding of the "new campus". The same "post -70s", I know our generation's expectations for future masters.

▲ Hongling Experimental Primary School Teaching Building is E -shaped, forming two atriums connected to the overpass. Students are full of childlike interests between classes.

The master of architecture emits "hero post"

Based on the prevalence of Hongling Experimental Primary School, many primary and secondary schools that need to be changed and expanded in Futian District have acted. First of all, it was the reconstruction and expansion of Meili Elementary School designed by Wu Linshou's WAU Architecture Office. The Shixia Primary School designed by Wang Weiren, a professor of the Department of Architecture of the University of Hong Kong, was renewed and expanded. In early 2018, the "Towing New Campus: Futian New Campus Action Plan" initiated by the Futian Management Bureau of the Shenzhen Municipal Regulations and Land and Resources Commission was announced. The carrier of the operation is 8+1 construction exhibition, which is 8 primary and secondary schools and 1 kindergarten planned by Futian District. "We strive to open up the innovation of campus design and design management with the mechanism of public competition+architectural practice exhibition", "said Zhou Hongmei.

The joint curator can be described as a group. The editor -in -chief of the "Journal of Architecture" Huang Juzheng and Gu Daqing, a professor at the Department of Architecture of the University of Hong Kong, served as the co -chair. Members include Wang Weiren, Zhu Rongyuan, Meng Yan, Zhu Jingxiang, Zeng Qun and other well -known architects who enjoyed their reputation at home and abroad. It is undoubtedly credible, fair and forward -looking.

After 8 days of "Hero Post", 89 domestic and foreign design units were received. Among them, there are many architects who enjoy high reputation internationally.

Participating designers should submit 10 "brief cases" of A3 paper in the shortest time to express their unique spatial analysis and ideas, and rely on commercial packaging to add points. The first plan selected by the curatorial committee is the final implementation plan, and there is no room for discussing. After the main creative designer completed the conceptual design, the curatorial committee and the relevant departments and the use of the use of the use of the relevant departments and the use of the use party (school) were re -evaluated to ensure that the implementation process did not go.

"From beginning to end, the main creative designers who have the dominance of the design." After a few years, Zhou Hongmei is still the most proud of this. This is a significant difference in the past bidding and "traffic key project". It is even more important to attract how many "masters" to attract the best designer's plan.

Of course, such a selection mechanism will never "bury" the outstanding design works of the real master. In the first season of Shenzhen's "New Campus Action", there were many masters selected. And the most famous of these is Zhang Yonghe -the "father of modernist architecture" in China, former director of the Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

He designed Jinglong Elementary School mentioned at the beginning of this article.

▲ He Jianxiang, designer of Hongling Experimental Primary School

"Five Fingers" is Qian Kun

In fact, in the school of "New Campus Action" in Shenzhen, Jinglong Elementary School is far less concerned as Hongling Experimental Primary School. So that after I had been a neighbor with it for more than half a year, I felt that the school had a "big hidden city". Not only because of its designer's reputation, but also because of its unique shape.

One palm, spread out under the sky, two fingers facing east, and three fingers facing west.

This is the overlooking renderings of Jinglong Elementary School.

Although I look at it every day, it was not until this time it was clear that its "Lushan true face" was clear.

The situation of Jinglong Elementary School is similar to Hongling Experimental Primary School. It is a high -density campus in the Central District of Futian. However, unlike Hongling Experimental Primary School at the foot of Anto, the Jinglong Elementary School has a densely populated area in the city center. The surrounding high -rise buildings are dense, and the field space is even more forced.

"Due to the needs of south -directional lighting, the arrangement of the classroom must be linear; and then connect a row of classrooms with a traffic axis, forming a finger -like layout." Reasons for finger layout.

Azong, an engineer of the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Architecture and Design, followed by the construction unit, on the teaching building, the first floor was an overhead floor, and the teaching floor began on the second floor. "You see, every layer of activity is very large," Azong said. Indeed, if the space outside the classroom can be called the balcony, it must be the biggest balcony I have ever seen, at least one of them.

▲ Zhang Yonghe, designer of Jinglong Elementary School

At this point, Zhang Yonghe also explained in detail with me. In the design of Jinglong Elementary School, he and his colleagues focused on the campus in a high -density city environment like Shenzhen Futian Central District, how can students have enough outdoor activities?

"Students who class on the fourth and fifth floor do not have enough time to go to the ground to move on the ground in ten minutes." Zhang Yonghe said, so they thought that a opening on the center of each floor was set up. Open outdoor activity area. This activity platform is more like a wind and rain playground because it has the previous floor as a roof. In addition to the exercise between class, this space can also be used as other activities, such as holding the place of student art exhibitions.

Between your fingers, there are greatness.

In fact, such a pen is in the "New Campus Action". Zhou Hongmei is undoubtedly like this.

The open campus concept of Xinsha Elementary School, the "urban co -istism" of Shixia Elementary School, a small forest on the campus of the People's Elementary School, and the three big banyan trees of the two young banyan trees in the second child of Futian Organ ...

However, these design concepts have always become a campus architectural entity, and it is not an easy task. The agent and construction party's unauthorized partially changing the design plan for the reason for the reason for cost, not have never happened. As long as Zhou Hongmei knew this kind of thing, he always rushed to protect the design plan for the first time, just like the hen in the "Eagle Grab Chicken". But not every time you can succeed. A school's arch was changed a little bit, and this incident made her long for a long time.

▲ Jinglong Elementary School, due to the need for southbound lighting, a traffic axis connects a linear linear classroom to form a finger -like layout. "Public Space spokesman"

"New Campus Action" continues. The nine schools in the first season have been completed. In the second season, it continued to be launched in Futian District, and the design of 5 schools including Bijiashan Middle School and Mei Hong Elementary School was carried out. In the third season, we walked into Longgang and transformed 6 schools in Longgang District with the pattern of Hakka Academy, and strived to create a "modern academy" with deep cultural heritage, spatial atmosphere and spiritual places.

"Schools are not educational containers, but should be the material manifestation of education ideals." In the past five years, Zhou Hongmei has done a PPT that has not introduced "new campus operations". Each one has this sentence. This seems to be in the same vein for her. The Pingshan Cultural Center was not a cultural container at that time, and Vientiane World was not a commercial container. Therefore, the cultural center must build an open cultural settlement, and the open neighborhood+mall must be built in Vientiane.

During this period, Zhou Hongmei had been transferred back to the Shenzhen Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau as a fourth -level investigator. To be honest, I don't know how to call this position.

But it doesn't matter, Zhou Hongmei did not position himself as an official. Of course, she is also an architect who graduated from the Department of Architecture of Southeast University. However, her evaluation of herself is: "I am a natural public space spokesperson."

There is no doubt that the school is not an educational container, and the school is a public space. The design of the school is a public design related to the growth of children.

Just as this article was about to end, I received a few photos from Mr. Peng by Mr. Peng Master Peng of Hongling Experimental Primary School. The small composition of the first grade students was written in the "diary" of planting flowers in the gardening field in the top of the teaching building: "One day has passed, the seeds are germinated, and I see its leaves growing out. It is fun! "

In Shenzhen's new campus, seeds are germinated.

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Drawing: 箐 箐 箐

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