70 % of college teachers have no doctoral degree, "I'm sorry for not reading a blog"?

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Chen Bin

Not long ago, after a few years of hard work, Du Binheng finally received a doctorate degree in education from Southwest University. Before studying Ph.D., his identity was a counselor at Southwest University.

"In -service teachers who have a master's degree read the blog, this is almost a way to go." Du Binheng told the Journal of China.

However, there are times when the road is "bent".

A few days ago, a public announcement that introduced overseas doctors in Shaoyang University in Hunan Province has aroused strong attention from public opinion. More than 20 in -service teachers at the school went to the Philippines to study blogs. After receiving a doctorate, they were cited by the school's spending 10 million yuan.

Why must college teachers be labeled with a "doctoral" label? What did they experience on the way to "seeking Bo"?

Do not read the blog, "I don't want to go"

In the impression of many people, the doctoral degree has become the "standard" of the current college teachers, but this is not the case.

A few years ago, Xu Zhiping, a teacher of the School of Public Management of Northwestern University, who was still studying at the time, and the mentor, with the instructor, counted a doctor of full -time teachers in 701 colleges and universities in China. According to the results published in the "Heilongjiang Higher Education Research" in 2019, the average level of doctorate rates of teachers in public undergraduate universities in my country was 29.85%. When the number did not reach the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Teachers Teachers in the New Period" in 1999, the Ministry of Education put forward the goal of making a doctoral degree teacher in 2005 reached more than 30%of the proportion of doctoral degrees.

"In our country, there is a big difference between the doctoral rates of teachers in different universities." During the interview, Liu Jin, an associate researcher at the School of Humanities of Beijing University of Science and Technology, said that in the top university represented by the original "211 Project" and the original "985 Project", The doctor has almost become the entry threshold for teachers. However, it is not easy to introduce a doctor in a large number of local universities.

According to Xu Zhiping's survey, the original "985 Project" college teachers are currently above 68%, while the doctorate rate of general college teachers in the west is only 8.65%. Those teachers who do not have a doctoral degree have a strong needs for reading blogs.

Liu Yu (pseudonym) is a compiled teacher in a university in the west. A few years ago, she went to another college due to family reasons. The school originally promised to solve the problem for her. She inquired many parties and learned that "if there is a doctorate, it may be much more smooth."

"This phenomenon is very common in colleges and universities." Liu Yu, who has graduated from the job today, told the Journal of China that in the university she worked in her, teachers born after 1985 want to evaluate associate professors, and doctoral degrees are a necessary condition.

During the interview, the reporter learned that in addition to solving the preparation and promotion of professional titles, college teachers who do not have a doctorate degree will encounter great resistance in terms of subject application and even personal evaluation. The powerful "external drive".

As for the "internal drive", it is the teacher's pursuit of academic ideals. Talking about the reasons for reading blogs, both Du Binheng and Liu Yu have clearly stated that in addition to being affected by external environment, their own pursuit of academics is also important. As Du Binheng said, "In a 'double first -class" university, not even a PhD, he feels unhappy. "

From "Can't Come back" to "Can't Send"

However, there is still a long distance between "want to read the blog" and "can read the blog".

Liu Jin told the Journal of China that teachers in my country had a need to read blogs and began during the "big expansion" period at the beginning of the century. The rapid expansion of colleges and universities has led a large number of non -doctoral teachers to enter colleges. At that time, there were even rare scenes of "doctoral students and their mentors read the blog" at the same time.

However, the mentality of the universities of these teachers is very complicated — I hope that these teachers can use the blog to increase their academic level while increasing the intensity of the overall teachers of colleges and universities. It was not uncommon to leave the university, and the disputes caused by it at the time.

With the continuous improvement of connotative development of teachers' qualifications, universities began to support the school's teachers to read the blog, but at this time, they found that even if they want to send teachers to read blogs, some are "unable to send out".

As a doctoral supervisor, Tang Zhisong, the dean of the Southwest University Education Research Institute, told reporters that in the context of increasingly fierce academic competition, doctoral tutors are generally reluctant to receive doctoral students with work experience, especially doctoral students working in local colleges and universities. Essence "Because their work experience in local universities and the academic direction of the universities where the instructor is located is often not at a level. Instead, it is better to recruit students who have just graduated.

Because of this, more and more colleges and universities are significantly reduced the enrollment quota of on -the -job doctoral students, and that college teachers who apply for a blog must leave their original jobs and go out of production. However, for those teachers who have entered the year, once they leave their original jobs, even if the doctor graduates smoothly, he will be more than 35 or even 40 years old. In the current employment market, its re -employment will also face great challenges.

Of course, there are also some teachers who are not studying academic doctors, but have chosen professional doctors who have developed rapidly in recent years. Although this approach can make the selection of bloggers from "disconnecting", "but it is mainly targeted at outstanding teachers and colleges and universities in primary and secondary schools, while local universities most need to study for doctoral degrees." Tang Zhisong said. According to the previous data given by the Ministry of Education's Development Planning Department, as of 2018, my country has recruited a total of 6,784 professional doctors, accounting for only 7.1 % of the total number of doctoral enrollment of the year. This proportion also largely limits the role that professional doctoral can play.

"The needs of college teachers have continued to improve, but the corresponding 'exports' have not expanded, and even have a tightening trend. This is the embarrassing situation faced by the working teacher who is willing to read blogs." Liu Jin said.

"Support" key universities in local universities?

Recalling that during the time when she was reading, Liu Yu's biggest feeling was "too tired" -ly because she was on -the -job reading, and children in the family needed to take care of them. Learn task and family responsibility.

"Before reading the blog, the school promised to reduce some teaching tasks, but it did not actually reduce it." Liu Yu told the Journal of China that in the first two years of her reading, she had to bear the five or six courses every year. Teaching, this makes her often in a state of tiredness.

The reporter found in the interview that the contradiction between the learning tasks and the original work tasks in the group of university teachers who studied blogs and the original work tasks were very common. There are teachers who have read blogs. They have complained that on the one hand, they are a "rice bowl", and on the other hand, there is a future fate related to the future.

However, this is not the only problem faced by a blogger, and even for some people, this is not the most difficult difficulty.

For example, a teacher who reads a blog told reporters that general local college teachers read the blog, whether they are initiative or passive, they cannot be "lying on the flattener", but they have some pursuit in academic and career. However, as mentioned earlier, although most of these teachers have rich practical experience, they may not be trained with current doctoral students, especially the speculative and theoretical content of academic doctoral training.

In addition, domestic doctoral students generally need to set the topic selection of doctoral dissertations according to the mentor's items or academic planning, even the local college teachers who accept "counterpart support".

The teacher has interviewed a number of doctoral students in the special plan for "counterpart support". Most of them are facing the embarrassment of school types, mentor scientific research directions, and their own scientific research pursuit. Some teachers even lamented that they were not supported by high -level universities. They came to improve the level and improve their future work. Instead, they came to support the discipline construction of key universities. According to the interest of the mentor, "Kaijiang Expand" and explored new areas.

Tang Zhisong said that the above problems do exist, especially in the field of professional doctoral training. Since the doctoral training in my country starts from academic type, until today, the professional doctoral development nourish. When a practical -oriented professional doctoral doctor encounters a mentor in an academic research paradigm, it can become a problem through nature.

Earlier, Liu Jin analyzed the text of the 272 doctoral dissertations of two top universities in China, and found that the selection of professional doctoral dissertations generally lacks clear professional attributes and problem attributes. The research methods and theoretical use of professional doctoral dissertations and theoretical uses are highly converged with academic doctoral dissertations, and insufficient theory and methods are selected for practical applications.

"It is undeniable that this phenomenon is different from the actual situation of local college teachers. The doctoral students cultivated in this way are indeed worth thinking about how much they can apply to future work." Tang Zhisong suggested at least at least, at least In the field of professional doctoral training, the state should establish a separate professional doctoral academic expert library with academic doctoral academic works with academic doctoral works.

Overseas reading can not be "scrapped because of choking"

It is precisely the difficulty of seeing the doctoral degree in college teachers. In recent years, many teachers have chosen to go overseas to study.

According to the reporter's understanding, compared to the high graduation threshold and relatively strict requirements of domestic universities, doctoral graduation requirements for some foreign universities are relatively simple and short time. Due to the epidemic reasons, in recent years Even without going abroad, this has greatly reduced the cost of reading blogging. In addition, the competition in the foreign academic circle is not as fierce in the country. It is relatively easy for doctoral students to publish papers, making it a trend of reading blogs abroad. Some Southeast Asian countries have become the "hot areas" of in -service teachers.

A domestic intermediary in China told the media that among the groups she had contacted to the Philippines, Malaysia and other countries, 70%~ 80%of the groups were in -service teachers of colleges and universities of colleges and universities in China. Essence

It is precisely the "advantages" of overseas reading blogs that some universities have also regarded it as the "shortcut" of improving the education level of the teacher team in the short term, and thus produced some quick success. Shaoyang College, which has attracted the general attention of the public, organized teachers to study in the Philippines to study in the Philippines is one of the typical representatives.

In this regard, Xu Zhiping said that the ultimate goal of reading the blog is to enhance the academic ability of teachers in both universities and teachers. However, if you just have a simple purpose of increasing the doctor's rate quickly, spend a lot of public financial funds, and go abroad to read a "Dr. Water" that can "win" in two or three years. It is a waste of national resources. Liu Jin also bluntly stated that in the current institutional environment, if these "Dr. Water" who have obtained a doctoral degree overseas to teach the country, they will enter the "returnee track" and enjoy many domestic teachers who can not enjoy the treatment, at least Without affecting wage income, it has obtained subsidies for talent introduction of local governments and colleges and universities. This is very unfair to other domestic teachers.

In this case, should it be reduced or even blocked the road of overseas reading from domestic teachers?

"Of course not." Liu Jin said, at least in the present, "borrowing the ship out of the sea" through internationalization is still a good way to improve the academic level of domestic college teachers. It should find a way to ensure the quality of overseas doctors and prevent the emergence of "Dr. Water".

In this regard, the Chinese and foreign cooperation projects generally adopted by domestic universities have their space. Liu Jin said that as an important content of international exchanges, most colleges and universities have signed an international cooperation agreement with foreign universities. If the content of the teacher's education can be united into these agreements, and supplemented by strict supporting supervision systems, it can be possible for a strict supporting supervision system. To a large extent, it plays a role in improving the academic level of teachers.

"To make a simple assumption, many colleges and universities currently have one or two hundred foreign cooperation projects. If each cooperation project can help a teacher to improve the doctoral degree, adding it together is a large number." Liu Jin said Essence

Similar situations can also occur between central and western counterpart support colleges, that is, eastern universities to improve their academic qualifications for teachers in western universities and ensure the quality of training. However, according to Xu Zhiping, because a large number of local universities in the central and western regions have not been included in the sequence of counterpart support, the role of counterpart support is still limited.

Different types, different tracks

Despite the phenomenon of "Dr. Water", it does not prevent those teachers who seriously read the blog and have gained growth from this experience. As Liu Yu said in the interview, "In addition to the study of specific knowledge, the process of reading blog also allowed me to receive a complete scientific research training, which is very good for my future teaching and scientific research." Now she is also in today's. It has become the academic backbone of the school.

But the problem is that if you put aside the factors of personal wishes, such scientific training does not need to be experienced by teachers at all levels.

During the interview, many interviewees said that the core issue of current college teachers' reading is not in the "reading blog" itself, but the homogeneity of the development of domestic universities.

"This is not difficult to understand." Liu Jin said that for some top -based research universities, the basic requirements of doctoral qualifications as teachers are understandable. After all The Lord's local universities also often use the teacher's doctoral rate as their own pursuit goal, but it is not necessary. "For some application -oriented undergraduate teaching, do teachers have a doctoral degree without a doctoral degree on their teaching quality."

In this regard, foreign abroad is not without experience to learn from. Liu Jin has analyzed the reason why the University of Wisconsin, the University of Kentucky, the University of New Hampshire, the University of West Virginia, and other US local universities have risen rapidly. It is found that the common measures it takes is to build practical disciplines, develop their own development with the local socioeconomic and economy. Combine, not the high education of the teacher's team.

On the other hand, a large number of local universities take the doctoral degree in teachers so much, and even bundle it with the comparison of the compilation of the distribution, the promotion of the job title, and the promotion of the title. It is that many universities rank and evaluate indicators to check and compare the doctoral degree of teachers at different levels and types of colleges and universities on settings.

"This is a very realistic issue." Du Binheng bluntly said that the status and purpose of different colleges and universities in talent training and scientific research are different. "The work of farmers and farmers, the work of workers workers, simply putting these two together is not comparable, but some of our practices are doing this simple comparison."

In this regard, Liu Jin also said that in the long run, the final way to solve the problem of improvement of college teachers' education is also because of changing the current situation of all universities racing on the same track, and reasonably divided different levels and types of colleges and universities to achieve classification Development, and formulate evaluation standards based on their respective scientific research and talent training goals, so that teachers' pursuit of academic qualifications will return to the rational track based on their own development, and thereby reducing the pressure of college academic qualifications and saving valuable doctoral education resources.

"In this regard, the relevant education management departments should better supervise and guide," he said.

"China Science News" (2022-08-02 The 4th edition of the 4th edition of Higher Education focusing on the title of "College Teachers Reading Blog Dilemma")

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