What structural contradictions are faced with engineering education

Science and technology self -reliance is the foundation of national strength and security. The development of the "leading" strategic cutting -edge technology and solving the key "card neck" technology to achieve high -level technology independence and self -reliance, urgently need to strengthen the training and strategic reserves of high -level engineering and technology talents. At present, my country's engineering education has achieved outstanding achievements that attract world attention. At the same time, it is also facing many deepness and structural contradictions.

The structural contradictions of engineering talents are outstanding, and the lack of strategic leading talents

High -end leaders have a serious shortage of talents. The reserves of leaders and strategic engineers in the field of scientific and technological innovation are serious, especially enterprises lack high -end engineering science and technology leaders. Taking the artificial intelligence industry as an example, the "2000 Most Influential Scholar List of Artificial Intelligence in 2020" shows the top 100 scholars in the 20 areas, and only 171 of the world's most influential scholars in the world are the world's most influential scholars. Essence Due to the relatively weak design of the top -level design of the policy, my country has not yet formed a comprehensive and systematic engineering education strategic structure, which has led to insufficient supply of high -level engineering and technology talents, a serious shortage of leading engineering science and technology talents, and becoming restricting the innovation industry from factor -driven, investment drive to innovation to innovation, to innovation. The main obstacles of the driver change.

The national key core industry is insufficient in the construction of excellent engineers. my country's strategic emerging industry related professionals have a small stock, which does not meet the development needs of my country's future industrial upgrading. The research predicts that the Top Ten key areas of the top 10 key areas will account for 48%of the total needs of talents. The structural shortage of engineering talents will become a real bottleneck restricting my country's manufacturing transformation and upgrading.

The integration of industry, university and research lacks depth, and the quality of engineering talents is not high

The training goals of the practice orientation of universities are not high enough. The engineering major has insufficient practical orientation in the setting of talent training, the elimination rate of the training of engineering talents is low, and the challenges of curriculum and teaching content are not enough. As a result, engineering students are not active in their learning process. , Insufficient learning.

Engineering education talent training model lags behind industrial development practice. At present, the training of engineering talents lacks the full guarantee of resources such as curriculum textbooks, corporate mentors, and practical bases. Graduation design is detached from the actual situation of engineering, and the training of complex engineering problems needs to be improved.

It has not effectively connected the education chain and industrial chain, and innovation chain. The enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the training process of talents is not strong, and the phenomenon of "emphasis on scientific research" in engineering teachers is still more serious. Industry associations, leading enterprises, social organizations and other social forces participating in the strategic reform of engineering education have not been effectively mobilized.

The engineering staff team evaluates alienation, and the practical guidance ability is weak

There is a strong argument orientation for engineering scientific research, especially in post -appointment and title review, and the transformation and social services are transformed and social services. Compared with the long -term engineering technology or application innovation, the engineering teachers under the logic of science logic have a more low cost and fast -effective academic papers, which weakens the practical ability of the engineering education teachers.

The engineering teachers have the phenomenon of weak industrial practice, especially the theory of emphasis on the theory and the needs of industrial needs in the training and post -job training. Most of the current engineering teachers are cultivated in traditional classrooms or closed laboratories. They lack industrial practice and technical practical experience, making the output engineering teaching content lags behind the practical industrial practice. During the training after -job training, the content of the factory visits, school -enterprise seminars, and skill operation contests of engineering teachers have not yet formed a mature training system.

Engineering textbooks and equipment updates are seriously lagging behind in industrial development practice. On the one hand, the development of the overall industrial theoretical system is relatively weak, and the content of the textbooks is not much updated. On the other hand, the main body of the textbook compilation is mostly teachers at school. With the requirements of industrial talent capabilities, teachers cannot maximize their effectiveness when using these teaching equipment.

The cultural connotation of engineering education is blurred, and the status of engineers needs to be improved urgently

At present, the total number of engineers in my country is about 50 million, which is a considerable number of professional groups. However, in terms of social culture and public opinion environment, society does not pay enough attention to engineering education. The social status, respect and attention of engineers need to be further improved.

In the basic education stage of primary and secondary schools, engineering education culture is lacking. In the basic education stage of primary and secondary schools in my country, the goals and positioning of engineering education have not attached great importance, and the corresponding culture is lacking. In the high school curriculum study, the basic curriculum of engineering and technical education is not carried out enough. Pay attention to the hard memories and mechanical exercises of the knowledge of knowledge, which leads to the general low practical operation and innovation ability of ordinary high school students. Waiting for work, it is difficult to become the first choice for engineers.

Under the parallel system of vocational education and ordinary education, the vocational education enrollment system and standards are not sound. In my country's higher education system, higher vocational education enrollment has been attached to the general college entrance examination for a long time, and is generally neglected for general high school enrollment in accordance with the admission batches. At the beginning, it lost the first conditional condition that established the test enrollment system that complied with its own characteristics.

Engineering education urgently needs to be systematically changed and promoted

All in all, in order to achieve the strategic goal of making a power of a manufacturing power and a high -level technology self -reliance, my country's engineering education urgently needs to achieve systematic changes and improvement in structure, model, team, culture and other aspects.

The first is to focus on the adjustment of the engineering education structure, accelerate the adjustment and optimization in the professional structure of the college, solidly promote the construction of new engineering, and activate traditional engineering potential; At the same time, optimize the scale and structure of engineering doctoral. The second is to break through the talent training model. Strengthen the cultivation and assessment of practical ability in the student evaluation and assessment system; optimize and improve the professional design and curriculum settings of engineering majors; deepen the joint training of multi -subjects such as schools and enterprises, schools.

The third is to promote the upgrading of engineering teachers. Improve the multi -track evaluation system, change engineering teachers' evaluation of the "only thesis" model; optimize the multiple structures of engineering teachers, in -depth promotion of people in the industry to participate in engineering talent training; timely update teaching tools and equipment Teaching mode.

Fourth, focusing on the deepening of engineering education culture, focusing on supporting the theory and practical research of Chinese engineer culture, highlighting and promoting the valuable quality of the engineer group, deepening the understanding and recognition of the engineer's occupation, spirit, and their era value, creating respect for engineering talents, and respecting engineering talents, and respect for engineering talents, and to respect engineering talents, Encourage the cultural atmosphere of engineering innovation; establish an integrated elementary and middle school engineering technology education curriculum system, and invite college engineering teachers and enterprise engineers to enter the campus of primary and secondary schools to carry out engineering education.

(Author: Lin Chenghua, a coordinated development research center of Zhejiang University, a special researcher at the National Institute of Systems of Zhejiang University, an associate researcher at Zhejiang University Chinese Science and Education Strategy Research Institute;

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