Concept: "Consciousness" becomes an intermediary of "ideology"

"Ideology" is the concept of conceptual science and social existence when Marx's first historical science. Although this term has a long history and uniqueness, Marx Engels first gave it the instrumental significance of factual analysis and value analysis. Therefore, it can be said that back to Marxism's previous ideological conceptual changes is of great significance. In other words, the concept of ideology does not have a history of independence. From the history of conceptual history, the true secret of the popularity of this term cannot be found, and it is impossible to derive the process of "consciousness" to become "ideological".

"Consciousness" is the body's reflection of reality. Due to the differences in psychological processes such as subject sensation, thinking, different subjects reflect the difference in the same existence. At this point, a long -term debate is caused, that is, how is the diverse "consciousness" evolved into a unified "ideology"? Focusing on this question, in the history of Western philosophy, the "empirical theory" of British empiricist Locke, the anti -prejudice views of French enlightenment thinkers Elvine and Holbach, and the "absolute spirit" of German philosopher Hegel, the German philosopher Hegel, " They have been explained in their respective domains. However, it was not until "German Idea" (hereinafter referred to as "Form"), and this problem was solved by materialism based on the above philosophical ideas. The product of the two is also a new discovery when the two personally criticize the "conceptual" of the ideology of morality.

"Consciousness" and "ideas" have subtle distinctions in the form. Marx's cognition of "consciousness" has generally experienced two changes. In the early days, he mainly regarded him as a philosophical object with specific meaning. The Holy Spirit of Asia is called "conscious facts", and "birth creation to the monarch" is called "experience facts". Here, Marx only illustrates the fact that the two humans can understand, and do not oppose the two. However, with the "Form", the "consciousness" with philosophical meaning has gradually "independence", and began to interpret it as a corresponding concept with "real life". "Consciousness" has since become the protagonist of interpretation, and consciousness is consciousness, not just to modify or refer to other. The distinction between "consciousness" and "ideas" is based on this. Prior to "Form", Marx's attitude towards "consciousness" and "ideas" was ambiguous. For example, in the "district and township system reform and" Cologne Daily ", he proposed:" The law can only be the law can only be the law. Reality's conscious reflection. "In this sentence," consciousness "and" concepts "are adjectives to modify" reflection ". The two are in parallel structure, indicating that their nature is similar. In "Form", Marx Engels distinguished "political consciousness, legal awareness, moral consciousness" and "political concepts, legal concepts, and moral concepts", and pointed out through the criticism of Stener and the entire German philosophy. Difference. They wrote: "As for what is religious consciousness and what is religious concepts, they have different definitions later." In addition, although "form" sometimes uses "consciousness and concepts", through German and English It can be seen that the translations are in essence that there is a difference in involvement, that is, there is a transition from abstraction to specific. Only by discovering this, we can understand the meaning of the intermediary in the process of "consciousness" into "ideology".

"Consciousness" needs to be transformed into "ideas" to become ideological. In the study of ideology, "ideas" as intermediary factors is often ignored, but in fact, the "concept" that solidified is as long as you move forward, you can find the "ideological" figure. Marx Engels pointed out in the "Form" that the concept formed by people engaged in material production activities, whether it is born in him and nature, him and others, or himself, and all these concepts "are their actual relationships and activities. , Their production, their exchanges, their social organizations and political organizations are conscious. " In short, "consciousness" and "concepts" are undoubtedly reflected in human real life, but the difference is that "ideas" is a "consciousness" that can be said, and it is a further concrete and theoreticalization of consciousness. For example, social life determines that people must have "the consciousness of the law", and the differences in real life also cause the "law consciousness" to be concretely into various "concepts of law". Marx's critical activity during the Rhine period mainly stems from his view of the official "concept of law", which is reflected in ideology. In addition, there is a more direct expression in the "Saint Max" chapter of "Form": "People’s ideas and ideas are the concepts and ideas about themselves and people's various relationships. Consciousness, about the awareness of the average people ... is the consciousness of the whole society where people live in it. "Here, Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that" ideas "is a set of consciousness, that is, human consciousness, which is a further concrete consciousness and further concrete consciousness. The result of curing. In the logic of ideology, the intermediary factors of "concept" are very important. Consciousness needs to be specifically turned into a specific concept before it has the foundation and possibility of qualitative changes to ideology.

The division of "ideas" has enabled two different ideological models. When Marx Engels explained the performance of "ideas" on "consciousness", a interpolation language was added behind the word: "Whether this expression is realistic or illusory." This means that in the process of being concretely into "concepts" and then quality becomes ideological, usually two modes: one is the ideological form of the upper -level building, and the other is a negative meaning of negative meaning. Ideology. As far as the former is concerned, this ideology is valuable and neutral. The reason is that when the "consciousness" is specifically turned into "ideas", it is based on the objective facts of historical development and its corresponding economic relationships. Marx Engels said: "Our starting point is those who are engaged in actual activities, and from their real life process, we can also depict the development of this life process of reflection and response." In other words, humans live on survival. The historical development status and its corresponding economic relationships in a certain period determine the attitude of ideological appearance. However, as criticized in the form, as a "concept" as "consciousness", it may also be false. At this time, the so -called negative meaningful ideology appears. Marx pointed out that the reason why this ideology was generated was mainly because "the concept was understood as the concept within the scope of consciousness, and was understood as the thought in the mind." If "consciousness" starts to construct "ideas" without reflecting reality, then these "ideas" can only be a subjective "monster or fixed concept" lacking objective. Marx Engels pointed out in the criticism of Steiner and others that the fundamental reason for the formation of this fixed concept is that they throw away the "realistic foundation" of the concept, and then "things in the usual consciousness are inverted." (Author Unit: College of Marxism, Renmin University of China)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Xue Yonglong

- END -