Popular science 丨 Those things about drought

Since July

The Yangtze River Basin continues high temperature and rainy rain

There are few water from rivers

The water level continues to lower

Some small and medium -sized reservoirs are insufficient water storage

Lost soil

Rapid development of drought

The definition of drought

Classification and response measures

Let's understand it together ~

Drought and drought disasters

What is drought?

Drought is the phenomenon of water shortage of moisture formed or supply or unbalanced supply.

What is the drought?

The full name of the drought is drought disasters. It refers to incidents that cause shortages caused by reduced precipitation and insufficient water supply water supply, and cause harm to life, production and ecology.

Understand the definition of drought and drought

Everyone understands

Is the difference between drought and drought?

Drought is mainly caused by abnormal factors such as less precipitation or high temperature, which is a natural phenomenon. The drought is the result of the common role of various factors. It is a superposition effect formed by nature and human activities. It is a specific product of the natural environment and social economic system. It is coupled under specific time and space conditions.

Or you can say that

Drought itself is a natural phenomenon that it evolves into drought when it has adverse effects on human society or ecological environment.

Drought classification

Understand the basic concepts of drought and drought disasters

Let's talk about the classification of drought

According to the classification method of World Meteorological Organization

Drought can be divided into

Drought

Hydrological drought

Agricultural drought

Social and economic drought

Drought

The phenomenon of imbalance of moisture revenue and expenditure caused by the amount of evaporation during a certain period of time is called meteorological drought, and it usually uses the shortage of water reduction as an indicator.

Hydrological drought

Hydrological drought is an abnormal water shortage caused by the imbalance of precipitation and surface water or groundwater. Generally, data such as runhenling flow, rivers average daily flow, and water level within a certain time are used as a amount of hydrological drought, or the meter runoff and other factors are combined with multiple factor indicators to analyze hydrological drought.

Agricultural drought

Agricultural drought is an imbalance in water in the body caused by external environmental factors, the lack of moisture affects the normal growth and development of the crop, which leads to the reduction of production or even harvest.

Social and economic drought

Social and economic drought refers to the abnormal water shortage caused by the imbalance of water resources in human social and economic activities. If the demand is greater than the supply, social and economic drought will occur.

Agricultural drought is classified according to the season when the season occurs

It can be divided into

Spring drought, summer dry

Autumn dryness, winter drought

Harmony

Spring drought

Spring drought refers to droughts that occur during March to May. "Spring Rain is as expensive as oil" and "ten years of spring drought" in northern my country, it can be seen that spring drought occurred very frequently.

Summer drought

Summer drought refers to droughts that occur from June to August, and the droughts that occur during the three volts are also known as the drought.

Summer is the season with the most vigorous growth and development of autumn crops and autumn harvest crops. High temperatures and large water evaporation will affect the growth of autumn crops and reduce production. Summer droughts cause insufficient soil water content, which will affect the growth of autumn crops.

At present, the drought in the Yangtze River Basin is summer drought.

Drought

Autumn drought refers to droughts that occur from September to November.

Autumn is the season when autumn crops are mature and overwintering crops. Autumn droughts will not only affect the production of autumn grain, but also affect the growth of wintering crops such as winter wheat.

Winter dry

Winter drought refers to the drought that occurred in December to February of the first year. The rare rain and snow in winter not only affects the safety of wintering crops, but also affects agricultural production in the spring in the spring.

Seasons

Seasonal drought refers to the continuous drought in two or more seasons, such as spring and summer drought, drought in summer, autumn, drought in autumn and winter, drought in winter and spring or drought in three seasons in autumn and winter and spring.

Due to the vast across my country, the distribution of precipitation in precipitation is very uneven, and the growth of crops in various regions is also different. Therefore, the rare precipitation may occur in any season, and droughts in any season may affect the growth of crops in certain areas.

How to deal with drought

Recognize

Will be dry throughout the year

The rainy southern regions will also be drought

Let's talk about it

How to deal with drought

What is drought fighting?

Drought

Refers to engineering measures by taking engineering measures

Or non -engineering measures

Prevent and reduce drought disasters

Life, production and ecology

Activities that cause adverse effects

What are our measures for drought resistance?

Currently

The main engineering measures for drought resistance are

"Storage, quotation, lifting, and adjustment" four categories

Storage

Storage, that is, water storage projects can achieve water storage projects such as reservoir, Tangba, and Water Cellar can achieve the purpose of regulating runoff, replenishment, development of irrigation, and increasing water supply, thereby improving drought resistance and mitigation.

lead

The introduction of water diversion project refers to the project of self -flow diversion from the surface of the river and other surfaces (excluding the water diversion project from water storage and water lifting projects).

carry

The water lifting project refers to the water from the river, lake and other places or projects (excluding water lifting projects from water storage and water diversion projects) from the river, lakes and other places.

Tune

Tune, that is, water adjustment project. Water transfer means mobilizing water from a relatively small amount of water resources to a relatively small amount of water resources or the shortage of water volume to meet the basic needs of water resources in the region or watershed economy, society, and environment. The water transfer project refers to the project built to the water area along the river grooves, channels, tunnels, or pipelines from a certain or several water source.

What are our non -engineering measures?

Drought anti -engineering measures refer to measures other than engineering measures such as policies, regulations, administration, management, economics, and science and technology to reduce the loss of drought disasters.Non -engineering measures for drought resistance generally include drought resistance and system, drought resistance planning, drought resistance plan, drought resistance information management, drought resistance reserve, drought resistance service organization, drought resistance scheduling, and agricultural drought resistance and saving technology.

Drought anti -engineering measures are the basis for the integration of drought resistance resources in all aspects of the whole society, and it is an important support for scientific drought resistance and accurate drought resistance.

Comprehensive from the Ministry of Water Resources and Disaster Disaster Defense Department, the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences Disaster Reduction Center

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