Bu Shaohua: The American Summit becomes a "Tucao Conference", and American values are cold

From June 6th to 10th, the Ninth American Summit was held in Los Angeles, USA. This was the first time the summit returned to the United States after the United States hosted the first summit in Miami in 1994. Although it was home at home, the United States obviously failed to hold the summit as a "home diplomacy" that should be as: first of all, many Latin American countries were resisted on the participating issues, and they lost their faces in front of the world. Latin American refugee immigration army was caught off guard by Americans. Finally, a variety of new initiatives proposed by the host have been questioned and ambitious. It should be seen that this "storm" not only reflects the long -term control and anti -control contradiction between the United States and Latin America, but also reflects some new characteristics of the "Pan -American System" in the new era. The essence of the problem is that the relative decline of American hegemony has become an indisputable fact that the majority of developing countries including Latin American countries have become an indisputable fact.

The summit encountered the "three embarrassment"

On June 10, after President Biden and the leaders of Latin America jointly announced the so -called "The Declaration of Los Angeles Immigration and Protection", the ninth American Summit came to an end. Compared with previous summits, the "topic attributes" of the summit seem to be stronger. This is not because the summit has achieved any achievements, but it stems from the "three embarrassment" it encounters.

First, the "low sign -in rate" of the summit is embarrassing. The United States refused to invite Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua to attend the meeting on the grounds of "not democracy" to eventually lead to an unexpected crisis. The leaders of Mexico, Bolivia, and Honduras made it clear that they did not attend the summit for opposing the domineering practices of the ancients, commissions, and Nigeria. Among them, President Lopez said that the style of acting made has made him "add points" at home and abroad. Not only that, even at the meeting, the Argentine President, Mexican Foreign Minister, and even the Prime Minister of Beriz, a small country in China, still "refused" and continued to "bombard" the U.S. government's isolation policy for other countries. In addition, the leaders of Guatemala, Salvador, and Uruguay have not attended the meeting due to bilateral relations, physical health and other reasons.

Second, the sudden refugee immigration army is embarrassing. At the mouth of the summit, a "tent car" team consisting of up to 15,000 immigrants set off from southern Mexico to the direction of the US -Mexico border. It seems to be dissatisfied with Biden's domineering behavior. A considerable part of these immigrants are exactly the ancients, committees, and Nisi countries that refuse to invite in the United States. In the face of this special trip to "build momentum" for the summit, the largest Latin American immigration team, which may have been in history, has been explicitly stated that the organizers of the "low sign -in rate" have made a lustrous meeting on their faces. American Secretary of Shantan Bronkeit even said that challenging "unprecedented".

Third, the results of the conference are famous and embarrassing. At the summit, the United States once again showed the flickering ability of tongue, and launched the following documents that can be regarded as the main results: First, the "American Economic Prosperity Partnership" plan. White House officials said the plan is currently only a framework, and whether it can reach the negotiations of the United States with Latin American partners in the next few months. In terms of content, the framework is almost similar to the recently reached "Indo -Pacific Economic Framework", and does not include tariff exemptions, market access and other substantial terms. The second is the "American Health and Refusion Action Plan". The plan only means that it will set up an organization named "American Health Team" aimed at training in the Latin American national health personnel, but it is not mentioned by the current most concerned and most needed vaccine such as the most concerned vaccine in Latin America. Third, the "US-Caribbean responds to the 2030 climate crisis partnership" plan. How many investments can be made to the Caribbean countries, and the White House itself does not count. The fourth is the "Declaration of Migration and Protection of Los Angeles." As the final statement of the summit, the declaration was given to the Bayeon government who wanted the summit to focus on immigration issues from the beginning. However, the focus of the declaration is more focused on coordinating the pressure of regional countries to help the United States share immigration pressure, which is basically not very ink for the development of regions that truly leads to immigration. In addition, the absence of Mexico and Central America's "Northern Triangle" leaders has undoubtedly caused any commitment to immigrants reached at the summit.

The "Panmei System" is unprecedentedly questioned

Talking about the American Summit and the United States, it is naturally not able to bypass the "Pan American System" structure behind it. Based on the core of the "Monroeism", under the "leadership" of regional hegemonic countries in the United States in the region, American countries have gradually established a set of pan -regional governance structures covering a full range of issues- "pan -American system". Regional organizations established after World War II American countries are the main representatives of this system in the contemporary contemporary. The well -known Pan -American Health Organization and the American Development Bank are specialized agencies for the organization. The American Summit is a system that the organization is specially established in order to promote the construction of the American Free Trade Zone. In recent years, although the ADC has long been fruitful, the American Summit has reluctantly continued, and it has gradually developed into the most attention signature system in the "Pan American System".

For a long time, the contradiction between the control and anti -control of the United States and Latin America around the "Pan -American System" has long been normalized. Not to mention that, under the 30 -year mechanism of the American Summit, the struggle between Meira can be described as "wonderful". First of all, the topic of the American free trade zone construction issued by the United States, which was designed as the "initial heart" of the summit mechanism, was not even survived in the first four summits in the Latin American left -wing country at that time. Essence Secondly, the issue of participation has always existed. In fact, except for the seventh summit barely put together all 35 countries in the Americas, the remaining conferences could not be united. Cuba has been excluded from the United States from the beginning, and has only participated in the seventh and eighth and two sessions so far. Venezuela, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Salvador, Antigua, Babard, Pabagay and other leaders have also missed the summit. At the last summit, even the US President Trump chose to temporarily "lead", which caused an uproar. Surprisingly, 4 years later, although the United States has long been under Trump's governance, the fierceness of the contradiction between the United States and Lalai at this summit has touched a higher point. The "Pan Mei System" encountered unprecedented opposition and doubts, and its uncertainty rose. The superior organization of many countries -American countries has launched the most violent "bombardment" so far. Argentine President Fernandez asked to reorganize the organization and withdraw its leadership in front of Biden. Mexican Foreign Minister once again reiterated that Mo's consistent requirement for reform and even abolishing the organization. President of Salvador, who had not attended the meeting, said in social media that the organization "had lost the reason for existence." However, accusations are accusing the question of where the "Pan -American System" should be developed in the future, Latin American countries have not formed any mature views. Only Mexico has proposed a proposal to build a new type of American relations with the EU's integrated organization. Although the above accusations and suggestions, although the Bayeng government did not give a direct response, this did not mean that the United States did not care about the reform of the "Pan -American System". In the summit on the 8th, Biden made clearly stating that fundamental reforms should be implemented to the American Development Bank. But how to change it, Biden did not say carefully.

Immigration Crisis Anti -Bad American hegemony

The "Pan Mei System" appears "symptoms", and often goes to the "lesion" of "Monroeism" behind it to find the cause. Most of the time since the birth of the 200 years, the "Monroeism" that advocates the logic of "the Americas is the Americans" has always been a decisive variable that affects the relationship between the United States and Lara. However, in recent years, especially after the world has entered a turbulent change period, the legitimacy foundation of "Monroeism" has been constantly eroding. The relative form of American hegemony in Latin America has become an indisputable fact.

The Latin American refugee immigration crisis, which has continued to ferment last year, can be regarded as a systematic anti -baying of American hegemony in the "sphere of influence" in its Americas. This is completely beyond the expectations of the United States. For a long time, as a "world overlord" and has a unique geographical environment, few geopolitical challenges can really threaten the United States. Even if the United States is doing bad things around the world, the reaction of systems is often difficult to touch its core interests. Although justice will be late, they will never be absent. The continuous new crown pneumonia's epidemic has changed the situation quietly. Under the impact of the epidemic, the dilemma of the governance of Latin American countries has further intensified. Out of the usual indifference to the "backyard", coupled with its own difficulty, the United States eventually let Latin America have become one of the areas of the world's failed resistance. In this context, Latin America's bottom people have no way to retreat. They can only bring the longing for a better life into a torrent of the United States.

Immigration crisis upgrades and colds in the Americas have undoubtedly reflects the objective reality of the United States' leadership in Latin America under Bayeng's governance of Latin America. The reason for this situation is comprehensive. From the objective environment, the century -old changes, the century epidemic, and the Russian -Ukraine conflict and other major external variables are intertwined. The world's polarization, diversification, and porous trend have intensified, the difficulty of global governance has risen, and the problem of the problem is endless. The American single -pole hegemony system is becoming more and more difficult to adapt to this world. The same is true in Latin America. From a subjective perspective, the American "arrogant" mentality is stubborn, and it has been trapped in the "Xiu Cat Date Trap" -style narrative. The only competitors can be seen in the eyes. Not interested. What they need is equality and development, while the United States is always talking about democracy and values. But no one knows what it is. In fact, it is a lot of trivial matter. "

Of course, the decline of American hegemony is not a matter of overnight. This is especially true in its "base camp". In the future, "Monroeism" will still be on Latin America. The "Pan -American System" will also have a high probability that it will continue to survive for a period of time after experiencing some reform and adjustment. As for what direction to develop in the future America Summit, we will wait and see.

(Bu Shaohua, Deputy Director of Latin America and the Caribbean Research Institute of China International Institute, the original article "Guangming Daily" June 16th)

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