6 keywords see the development of children's welfare work

In the past ten years, children's welfare work has achieved leapfrog development: Traditional children's welfare has achieved bidding expansion, and the national minor protection work has launched a new journey. At this time, we will refine 6 keywords and see the development of children's welfare work for ten years.

Children's Director and Children's Supervisor

"Children's Director" was first known as "Children's Welfare Director" -the title was proposed at the 2010 Chinese Child Welfare Demonstration Project Launch Conference. That year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs cooperated with the United Nations Children's Foundation and the China Public Welfare Research Institute to carry out the China Children's Welfare Demonstration Project. The project carried out pilots in 120 villages in 12 counties in 12 counties in five provinces (districts) of Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. In order to solve the delivery of children's welfare delivery in the last mile, the project proposes to set up a person in charge in the village. Some people propose: "The woman responsible for women's work is called the women's director, and those who are responsible for children's welfare work can be called the Chief Welfare Director of Children."

At that time, most of the Children's Welfare Director was held by young and young women who love children's work. The responsibilities include the establishment of children's information accounts, various activities, home visits, and difficulties. The recruitment of children's welfare directors is screened by the village committee, and the county level conducts information review on candidates. The successful practice of Children's Welfare Director has provided a basis for policy formulation. Since then, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has incorporated the "jobs to serve children in the village" into the relevant policies for strengthening care and protection of rural left -behind children and children with dilemma.

In 2013, the Ministry of Civil Affairs launched the pilot work of the construction of a moderate inclusive child welfare system, and the "children's welfare supervisor" was born. In Haining, Zhejiang, a team of children's welfare supervisors who were part -time by village (community) workers were established. The duties were divided into two parts: the specified actions were visited and supervised, and the selected actions were to carry out activities. In Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, children's welfare supervisors are also concurrently appointed by village (community) staff. The duties are provided by social organizations such as investigation, monitoring and supervision, and information, and organizational activities.

In 2016, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Inspection of Children in Dohaies", requiring the village (resident) civil committee to set up a member of the village (resident) committee, college student village officials, or professional social workers, etc. Welfare supervisor or children's rights supervisor, responsible for the publicity and daily work of children's guarantee policies and daily work. Through comprehensive investigation, regular visits to timely grasp the basic situation of children's families, guardianship, and schooling in time, guide the supervision and supervision of families to fulfill their support obligations and monitoring responsibilities in accordance with the law. Report to the township people's governments (street office) through the village (residential) civil committee.

At that time, the positioning of the Children's Welfare Director or Children's Welfare Supervisor was not very clear. The jobs they carried out had the nature of welfare, services, and assistance. After the establishment of the Children's Welfare Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2019, the positioning of its responsibilities gradually became clear.

In May 2019, 10 departments including the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Opinions on Further Improve the Care Service System of Rural Leavesment Children and Children's Caring for Children", and specifically requested that the village (residents) committee of the Civil Council of the Village (residents) to establish a child director, and the first -level establishment of townships (streets) was established. Children's supervisors have clarified their job responsibilities respectively. As early as 2017, the Ministry of Civil Affairs began to vigorously promote the construction of grass -roots children's work teams across the country. After the "Opinions" was introduced, localities further accelerated the construction of grassroots children's work teams.

As of the end of 2021, a total of 55,000 children's supervisors in townships (streets) were equipped across the country and 667,000 children of village (residential) children. This team became the main force of the minor for protecting the protection of rural left -behind children and children with dilemma.

National monitoring "enrollment"

The problems faced by the protection of minors are complicated and diverse. Children suffer illegal violations, guardians do not fulfill their supervision responsibilities or improper monitoring, and lack of guardianship occur. In 300 cities and counties in 98 regions, relying on rescue management agencies to carry out pilot work of social protection for minors, explore the establishment of a guardian system of "based on family guardianship, social supervision as guarantee, and national guardianship". However, in work practice, the revocation and transfer of minors' guardianship has always been a problem. Although the "General Principles of the Civil Law" and the unborn laws revised in 2006 were issued in 1986, because "under what circumstances," under what circumstances can be filed for the deprivation of monitoring lawsuits, who will filed a lawsuit, and who to monitor it, "the country is not clear." There is no deprivation of monitoring cases into judicial procedures.

In 2014, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly issued the "Opinions on the handling of several issues of the rights and interests of the guardian infringement of the rights and interests of the guardians in accordance with the law" and established the mechanism of administrative protection and judicial protection of minors. Seven cases of deprivation of monitoring rights, at the same time, proposed that the civil affairs department should set up minor rescue and protection agencies to bear the temporary guardianship responsibility for minors who have entered the institution due to guardianship, and apply to the people's court for revocation of the guardian qualifications. 15 days after the "Opinions" was promulgated, the Civil Affairs Bureau of Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province applied for a case of cancellation of the guardian qualification lawsuit, and eventually made a child who was violated completely out of the predicament.

Although the case has typical significance, a wider and deeper problem solving requires the support of the top -level design. In February 2016, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Protection of Rural left -behind Children's Care for Children", which put forward requirements for the care intervention of left -behind children's left -behind children. In November of that year, in response to the unmanned guardians facing some rural left -behind children, the other side of the other party went out of the other side without monitoring ability, absence of school dropout, and no household registration, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and 7 departments launched the rural left -behind children to "co -monitor and grow with each other". Caring for special operations to help implement the responsibility of family monitoring, mandatory reports, settlement registration, and drop -off insurance. In March 2017, the implementation of the "Guidelines for the Protection of the Protection of Minors for Care and Inflicted by the Surveillance and Infinement" was implemented, which provided guidance for the protection of the protection of minors in accordance with the government and regulations in accordance with the government. In June of the same year, the country's first case of revocation of the guardian qualifications filed by a non -place in the country was sentenced in Bengbu City, Anhui Province. A 8 -year -old girl finally got rid of the lifeline of the stolen theft. As of the end of 2017, a special operation of "combined control and growth" for care and protection for the protection and protection of 780,000 unmanned rural left -behind children can be effectively monitored to register for 180,000 left -behind children left -behind children of 180,000 households to help 17,000 rural left -behind children return to return to return The school resumed, criticized 91,000 parents in education, 282 public security management was punished, and 16 people were criminally responsible for their misconducting parents in accordance with the law. Monitoring quality of left -behind children.

The new crown epidemic was outbreak in 2020. When the parents or guardians cannot fulfill the obligations and custody duties due to isolation or epidemic prevention work, what help should the child get? The Ministry of Civil Affairs asked the State Council's joint prevention and control mechanism to print the "Plan for Children's Rescue Protection and Protection of Children's Rescue and Protection due to the impact of the impact of the new crown pneumonia". Essence These experiences also provide reference for subsequent civil code and newly revised unpaid laws.

This year, with the formulation of the Civil Code and the revision of the lawless law, the national guardianship was clarified in the form of legal form, and the responsibility of the civil affairs department also clarified. In the general rules of the Civil Code, the establishment of a special section of guardianship is provided, and the monitoring system based on family monitoring, social monitoring as the supplement, and national guardianship is established. The newly revised lawsuit in the government's protection seal clarifies the specific situation of temporary guardianship and long -term guardianship on the civil affairs department in accordance with the law. A series of protection measures such as the protection hotline put forward clearer and more professional requirements for government protection.

"Hundreds of preaching into the construction site" activity

In order to increase household income, Bai Guangfeng worked in a foreign country all year round. His 9 -year -old daughter and grandma lived in his hometown in Luolu County, Hebei Province. The income was increased, but the communication with her daughter became a heart disease. "Children are getting more and more close to me. I don't want to tell me when I encounter something. I don't know what such a big child thinks."

In December 2021, the project department where Bai Guangfeng was located organized a "hundreds of preaching in the construction site" event. "Several experts can only be seen on TV to explain in detail the protection law of minors to me and workers, and teach us how these parents who have been outside for a long time to care and protect their children at home for a long time. Dad is also a science. It is not enough to pay for money to go home every month and buy gifts for the New Year.

Today, Bai Guangfeng has changed a lot when he gets along with his daughter: his daughter does not like to eat eggs, he finds a way to make eggs and vegetable cakes; when he cannot go home, he will spend time on the phone with the child, ask the school's life, the school's life, At home, talk about her happy things and annoyance. The daughter said that her dad had changed. In addition to caring about whether she was eating well or learning, she also cared about her bit by bit at school. There were many new topics between father and daughter chat.

What has brought about Bai Guangfeng is the "Hundred Hundred Observatory Entering Site" activities that have been held for 5 years. On April 24, 2018, the nationally left -behind children's care and protection of the inter -coalted meeting office, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and China Construction Group Co., Ltd., which were jointly organized by the Rural left -behind children's care and protection work department, officially launched. The event is the main position of the construction site of China Construction Group and the main object of migrant workers. Experts and scholars conduct patrol preaching nationwide around family monitoring, affectionate communication, and self -protection. Send it to the construction site and the migrant workers.

In 2019, on the basis of summarizing the practical experience of activities such as "Hundreds of preaching into the construction site", 6 departments such as the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the State -owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the National Federation of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Regarding labor -intensive enterprises to further strengthen the care The Guidance of Service Work "" promotes labor -intensive enterprises to effectively do a good job in the care of the vast rural left -behind children and dilemma children's care service.

On the eve of Children's Day this year, "Welcome to the Future of the Twenty of the Twenty Concentrics" you and I are the protectors of the minor "cloud signature" and 2022 national left -behind children's care and protection of the "Hundreds of preaching into the construction site" activity. More than 200,000 people had a signature commitment. In the past five years, the event has covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across the country, with a total of more than 9 million people participating. The social influence has been continuously improved, effectively promoting the branding of rural left -behind children's care and protection activities. No one cares for children

In July 2019, with the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Protection of Children's Protection", the concept of "Facts Never Raising Children" first entered the public vision for the first time, but this group may not be unfamiliar. For "orphan". Although they have their parents, their parents have not been responsible for raising due to their prison, illness, disability, disappearance, etc., and most of them are in the multiple predicament of survival and development. Through subsistence allowances, temporary assistance, and establishment of files, the state cares and helps such children. For example, in 2014, Anhui Province will be forced to detoxify, being served, suffering from mental illness, severe disability or completely losing labor ability, and the fact that the other party is missing and abandoned. Life security object. In 2018, Taixing City, Jiangsu Province issued documents, clarified the scope of "fact orphans", refined the duties of relevant departments, and facilitated the study life of "facts orphans".

In 2019, after the establishment of the Children's Welfare Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the classification guarantee for innovative dilemma. First of all, a clear definition of the fact that no one cares for children: Facts that no one to raise children refers to both parents that meet the disability, serious illness, prison in prison, forced isolation and detoxification, and one of the measures that restrict personal freedom, and one of the situations of loss of contact. Children; or the death or disappearance of the parent, the other party is in line with disabled, serious illness, punishment, forced isolation of detoxification, executing other measures to restrict personal freedom, and one of the cases of loss of contact. Secondly, the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Protection of Children's Protection on Further People" were issued, and the fact that no one raised children into the child welfare guarantee system was incorporated, and basic living subsidies were issued. The promulgation of this document fills the gap in the system of children's welfare fields, and is an important policy innovation in the new era of children's welfare work.

Policies and departments have brought great changes to the fact that unmanned children's protection work: living security standards refer to the scattered orphans and further improved; before, due to the deduction of monitoring, the supervision duties cannot be fully and correct. , Children are effective monitoring.

At the end of 2020, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Notice on Further Doing the Facts to Protect the Relevant Work" with relevant departments, which expanded the scope of guarantee objects, supplemented the two situations: ; Similarly, it has provided regulations in optimizing the procedures for the loss of the loss of contact and the strengthening of monitoring guidance. As of the end of 2021, there were 314,000 facts in my country. No one raised children.

Child welfare agencies optimize quality improvement and innovation transformation

In the past 10 years, children's welfare agencies have changed in service methods and nurturing methods. Optimizing quality and transformation of children's welfare agencies is a major optimization adjustment of the child welfare agency's nursery method since the founding of New China.

In 2012, there were 570,000 orphans across the country. Among them, children's welfare agencies concentratedly supported 95,000 orphans, and 475,000 orphans were scattered with other relatives. 463 independent children's welfare institutions registered and 77,000 beds were registered. Facing the total number of children's welfare beds, the problems of not meeting actual needs, and the conditions for nurturing need to be improved urgently.

During the "Eleventh Five -Year Plan" period, my country basically realized that there are independent children's welfare institutions or relatively independent children's departments in local social welfare institutions in cities above the country level. The new round of "Blue Sky Plan" was launched in 2014, focusing on promoting the construction of county -level children's welfare institutions. After several years of hard work, the number of beds in children's welfare institutions stabilized at 90,000.

At the same time, the number of orphans and its service demand has changed significantly. On the one hand, the total number of orphans in my country has declined significantly. In 2021, 190,000 orphans nationwide, including 59,000 orphans, and children's welfare institutions were idle. On the other hand, 90%of the concentrated orphans are serious and disabled, and professional services in medical care, rehabilitation, special education, and social work are very urgent, and the professional level needs to be improved urgently.

In 2019, after the establishment of the Children's Welfare Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, he started to promote regional breeding. In the first level of the city, create 1-2 regional children's welfare institutions that integrate the "cultivation and religion" in one, and centralize the nurturing children in the region. Children's welfare institutions with poor county -level nurturing conditions can transfer their abandoned children to prefecture -level children's welfare institutions, and at the same time integrate personnel and resources with the county -level minor rescue and protection agencies, establish children's protection and welfare guidance centers. Do a good job of guidance, arranging, visiting, assisting, and care services for rural left -behind children and dilemma.

In 2020, the Civil Code and the newly revised unburetic law gave the civil affairs department more responsibilities and tasks, and the service target expanded to all minors, and urgently needed to improve the capacity of grassroots institutions as soon as possible.

In May 2021, 14 departments such as the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Optimization of Quality and Transformation of Children's Welfare Institutions". Opinions require that during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the provincial and municipal children's welfare institutions optimize quality and improve quality, and achieve the integration of children's breeding, medical care, rehabilitation, education, and social work. County -level children's welfare institutions have transformed into minor rescue protection protection protection protection and protection mechanism. The reform involves 336 children's welfare institutions and 881 county -level children's welfare institutions. By 2025, children's welfare agencies will be fully completed by optimizing quality improvement and innovative transformation work, and children's welfare institutions will continue to consolidate. Zero infection

In early 2020, the new crown epidemic suddenly struck. Most children raised in children's welfare institutions have serious basic diseases, of which children with severe illnesses and disabled children account for 90%of the total children in the institution. Once these children are infected, the consequences are unimaginable.

On January 27, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Guidelines for Prevention and Control Work (First Edition) of the New Coronatte Virus Infection in the Field of Child Welfare Welfare Institutes (1)", which requires children's welfare institutions and minor rescue and protection agencies at all levels Group, formulate prevention and control emergency plans, implement 10 specific measures for prevention and control, and implement closed management. In the later prevention and control of the epidemic, followed up and revised the "Normal Prevention and Control Guidelines for New Crown Pneumonia in the Field of Children's Welfare" and "The Guidelines for the Regulation of the Epidemic Epidemic Epidemium" and "Municipal -level administrative areas where the districts of the districts. guide". At the same time, innovate work methods, urge and guide localities to implement them: Federation contact and guide relevant provinces to do a good job of prevention and control, use WeChat videos to carry out "random pumping, remote investigation" on the prevention and control of children's welfare service agencies, and use the online video conference platform to carry out the platform for development. Training for epidemic prevention and control work.

How to ensure the safety and health of children, how to minimize the impact of the epidemic is inseparable from policy creation and work innovation, and it is inseparable from the hard work and dedication of children's workers.

At the beginning of the outbreak in 2020, the Wuhan Children's Welfare Institute immediately took a closed operation. In order to ensure that children with thalasses with thalassemia, they coordinated the hospital to reinvigorate their children's department for their children; in order to close the children who were closed in the old buildings, they did not delay their learning, they held the network and coordinated their computers to ensure their children's re -classes ... Originally 360 people and three people and three people and three people three people and three people three people and three people three people and three people three people and three people and three people three people and three people and three people three people three people and three people and three people three people and three people and three people three people and three people and three people three people and three people. The service completed by the class was completed by 190 people who were in the hospital for 24 hours. 313 children in the hospital received more meticulous care and care than usual.

In July 2021, the situation of the Nanjing epidemic prevention and control was severe. The Jiangning District Unborn Center made a demand menu after the living needs of orphans and facts were discharged during the period of discharge of orphans and facts in the area. Consultants and other resources have timely grasped the dynamics of the facts that no one cares for children, and gives them material, spiritual and psychological care.

As of now, 998 children's welfare institutions and 2425 minor rescue and protection institutions across the country have received zero infection for children raised, and 121,000 society scattered orphans to achieve zero infection.

Source: "China Civil Affairs" magazine

Reporter: Li Xue

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