Huidong Fanhe: "The Land of Rich" lives!The Chen family has monopolized Yantian

【Editor's Note】

According to the Song Dynasty's "Nine Division of the Yuanfeng": "Huizhou returns to a salt field in freshwater." The salt production of ancient freshwater fields has a long history and was an important salt -producing area in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions. Today, many coastal villages in Huizhou Huidong still retain the mark of the development of the salt industry in the old days. With the book "Danshui Field: The Historical Research of the Salt Industry of Guangdong Daya Bay", people can trace the memory of the salt industry in the coastal villages through the field research report included in the book.

Among the many ancient villages along the coast of Huizhou, Fanhe Village, located in Lishan Town, is one of the most distinctive ancient villages. According to the exam, Fanhe Village was formed in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. It has a history of more than 600 years. It is a place where the three major people's departments of Guangfu, Fan and Hakka have been converged. During the period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Fanhe Village maintained a pretty prosperous salt industry production and trade activities. With the expansion of the salt industry, Bi Jiazhe and Da Continent (grid) are precipitated at the freshwater field, of which the Bijia grille's site was set up in Fanhe. In this issue, Huizhou Wenmai followed the salt industry survey team into the Zhenhe Village of Huishan County, Huidong County, and traced back to the trajectory of the salt industry of ancient villages. (Chen Liyuan)

Luo Gang surrounds the ancient charm still exists

Ancient Village trace the source: Fanhe is known as Izaka, which means "rich land"

Tracing the rise, prosperity and decline of the salt industry in Fanhe area since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is of great significance to study the history of the salt industry in the two and Guangxi regions. The production of salt is closely related to the surrounding environment. Therefore, when discussing the history of Fan and salt industry, it is necessary to deeply understand the social history and humanities behind it.

Fan He was known as the rice Luogang, also known as Iza Oka. It was named because of the place of the place. Because of the local dialect, "Fan" and "Fan He" were similar to the same sound, the later named "Fan He". According to reports, the meaning of "rich land" is known as "rich land". According to the Ming Jiajing's "Huizhou House" records: "The county's department has four inspection departments, saying that internal and external management, II Raoluoka, 130 miles southeast of the government. "This is a text that can be recorded earlier to date. And according to Fang Zhi, in the first year of Ming Hongwu (1368), some people in the Fujian and Chaoyang area came to Fan He due to hide debt, so they lived in Laoshan. During the Hongwu period, the court had sent officials to manage Fan He, and they could be used as the location of the inspection and inspection department of the internal and external management and inspection. According to historical records and relevant research, Fan He's establishment time should not be later than the Yuan Dynasty.

Fan He has been circulating in the country since ancient times. The earliest surnames of Guo, Huang, and Gao surnamed in Fan He. According to the descendants of these three surnames, about the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, because the Yuan soldiers invaded the Central Plains, their ancestors had to avoid disasters. Come to the Lingnan area and finally settle in Tian Xinzai under Yantun Mountain. This is a wide basin, and the land is flat. The three surnames opened the wasteland here, and settled the industry, mainly to cultivate the production and living model of the heir family.

After the movement of Guo, Huang and Gao's surnames, Chen attracted the terrain conditions of Nagoa. According to the "Chen Yuantang Chen Family Three -bedroom Family Genealogy", Chen's first ancestor was from Shigong and the official Boluo County official in the late Yuan Dynasty. Resign. On the way home, it was attracted by the treasure land of Izaka, so he settled here with the second son. At the same time, it also brought the production technology of the salt industry for II. The family had reclaimed more than a thousand acres of barren fields during the Hongwu period, and more than 200 leaks of Yantian. Chen, who was born in the official, has been engaged in the production of salt industry, monopolized salt fields, and used salt rental as an important source of income. The salt fields formed by the rise of seawater belonged to the Chen family.

Since Guo, Huang, and Gao have reclaimed the barren fields in Nagoa, they have established their own business. For hundreds of years since then, the vicissitudes of the sea, the sea water continued to retreat, and the village also followed the land of retreating, continuously extended to the seaside, and gradually moved to the area of ​​Longzankan. It was finally built on the top of the mountain, named Ifang. Hongji opened, Hong Tu's exhibition, and the people of the people came here in the future. 罗, a total of more than 50 ancestors lived in a total of 50 ancestors and reproduced. Large villages.

Fanhe Village is the most widely talked about later, and it is an ancient enclosure formed by the development of the village clan. Today, Fanhe has three main enclosures that can find complete and can find the complete information: Luo Gaug, Yoshitangwei, and Changxingwei. From the perspective of the architectural structure, the enclosure is mainly a settlement of the clan with the clan of the same surname. The passing path in the enclosure connects the houses in the enclosure, so that each household can separate each other and maintain a close connection. The layout of this "village has a siege, there is a village in the village" cleverly reflects the ancient clan relationship between my country, and at the same time, the wisdom of the working people of the coastal to cope with pirates to kill and loot.

Fanhe Village Ancient Theater

Salt field changes: the production of Bi Jiazen salt in the Qing Dynasty is quite large

According to Fan and "Chen's Three -bedroom Family", the first ancestors of Chen had "more than a thousand acres of good fields and more than 200 leaks of Yantian" during the Ming Hongwu years. This may be Fanhe's earliest salt production. When did Fan He's salt industry be officially jurisdiction? Which salt field did Fan and Yantian belong to? What happened in the process?

According to reports, the Ming Dynasty, Huizhou Prefecture had three salt fields: freshwater, salted water, and stone bridge. Fan He belongs to Guizhou County, Huizhou Prefecture in the administrative area. There is only a saltfield in the freshwater field in Guishan County. There were grids under the salt field in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty. At this time, there was no division under the freshwater field. Fan and the village that produced salt produced salt was still unknown. In the Qing Dynasty, Fan He began to show traces in the history of the salt industry.

During the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the freshwater field was changed from commercial office to official -run. The city, the governor collects salt and solve the course. " In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), "the salt was changed to Ambassador of Danshui Farm Salt, and from the beginning of Xie Han, and Da Tu, the members of the Big Cube were managed." In the fifth year of Qianlong (1740), "Bi Jiazha was managed by the Danshui Farm." According to reports, the Biga Gulf is about 178 miles (89 kilometers) from the southeast of Huizhou Mansion. It is the sea in the east, and the south from the aquatic cargo to Crabic, and the coastline is 36 kilometers long. There are 273.01 hectares of Yantian. The salt fields of Biga Gulf are located in the port, and the salt fields are relatively scattered and are distributed in shape, including Laoshan, Fan He and Massi. Bi Jiazha's site is located in Fanhe. With the increase in the yield of Bi Jiazha salt, during the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty, Biga Callery had been promoted to Biga. In fact, the salt output of Bigka has a large scale in the early Qing Dynasty. According to reports, the 19th year of Qianlong (1754) Bijiaku (Laoshan) produced 70961 packs (166 catties of codes per package); 68961 packages of salt in the 55th year (1790) of Qianlong (1790) Code) ... In the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), 1,40,000 salt was produced (100 cents per city).

It can be seen that the salt industry was a large pillar industry in Fan and history. According to reports, During the Republic of China, Fan He returned a large salt merchant called Guo Yan, and the villagers called it "Guo Yangong". It is rumored that when Guo Yangong was rich in salt, he invested to build a bridge for the village.

In the early period of the Republic of China, the local salt industry management agency still followed the system of the late Qing Dynasty, and the Ambassador of the Salt Class Director was renamed. In the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), the Dongjiang Salt Affairs Bureau was set up. During the Republic of China, the salt production of Biga was distinguished from the three factories, saying that Fanhe Factory, Lishan Factory, and Massi Plant. A total of 1109 leaks on the scenes of Bili, including Fanhe Factory 292, Laoshan Factory 403 leaked, and 414 leakage of Massi Plant. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Huiyang Salt Field Office reported to the Guangdong and Guangxi Salt Affairs Bureau for approval, and successively renamed Danshui to Pinghai. Therefore, Biga Farm can also be called Lushan Salt Field.

During the Daoguang period, Bigka Tu Daoguang "Wide and Guangyan Salt Dharma"

The past of salt: The Chen family monopolized salt fields, and the people's aspects were hard to do hardships

The development and changes in the salt industry of Fanhe Village are roughly affected by the following factors. The first is the expansion of Yantian's reclamation area. From the change of Fanhe's market distribution and the distribution of Mazu Temple, the coastline of Fan and the region has undergone several seawater ebb. The beach coating used by people has also continuously expanded, laying the foundation for the expansion of the salt industry. Secondly, the technologies of salt -producing salt production in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have continued to improve, which has improved the efficiency of salt production. In addition, Fanhe has a superior geographical location, with excellent water transportation conditions, and facilitates salt transportation and vendor.

At the same time, the continuous increase in population has also had an important impact on the development of Fan and salt industry. It can be seen from the above that with the moves of the surnames, Fanhe's population is growing. In the early Ming Dynasty and in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the inspection department of the inside and outside of Guishan County and the Pingzheng Department's inspection of the Pingzheng Department selected the site for three times, and the improvement of the political status also brought a certain population growth to Fanhe. According to the exam, at that time, the population composition of the Fanhe area was mainly Tianmin, and there were also salt people and fishermen. Most fishermen were no place and had to live at sea. Historical sources showed that at that time, Fan He's salt industry was mainly monopolized by Chen's family, and other major ethnic groups, such as the Lin family, were mainly fields and fisheries. According to Fan and Laosanmin, because of the humble salt people, and the work is very hard, only the poor people living in Fanhe edge areas or those who moved in late are living with salt. People who moved into Fan He late had to rely on salt and fishing as a job because there was no Fan He's Tianqu house.

"Yantian's labor is very hard." Fan He's old saltmin said, "In the past, he would not catch the salt people in the local area. Because the salt was very hard, from early early to night, it was called 'sunbathing'. If you catch experienced people, no one will rake salt. " Such a hard salt production method is related to the geographical environment of Fanhe. According to reports, the Fanhe area where the Bijia venue is far away from the sea, looks like a strap, and in the deep harbor in Yantian, there are many mountains, and close to farmland, it is affected by light flow. Especially Fanhe and other places, due to the backing and reservoirs, the water storage slowly penetrates through the ground, and the seawater is constantly diluted, so the salt field seawater has a lower salinity. According to the memories of Lao Yanmin: "The salt was also called sunscreen before. It needs to be placed first, laying thatch, and then spreading the sand to the water. The sun evaporates water, and the crystallization will be generated when it comes to a certain concentration. "In addition, the old salt needs to use a black stone. This stone needs to open the ship to go to the sea for more than 50 kilometers to find it on the island. Pull to Yantian.

According to the "Both Guangxi Salt" records, from the Qianlong period from Yongzheng to the Qianlong period (1723-1795), Bi Jiazha salt people in Bishan County were burdened out of the year: Silver hundreds of forty -five dollars nine cents and two cents. I would like to follow 102 Dingzhuang Ding. Each of each of the sophomues and six cents of the silver, 46, two -pointer for two cents ... Jiaqing eighteen years (1813) Influence, the Yantian thirty -one acres of nine cents and two cents were changed into rice fields to divide the silver, one, four dollars, five cents, and five cents. " In addition, the government's management of salt is also very strict, and during the Qing Dynasty, there were patrol establishments. According to the "Liangyang Salt" records: "Bi Jiazha patrols 27 places, and the surgeon rate is investigated at the main place." The work is very hard, and the various squeezers are endless, which once caused the situation of "officials forced the people".

Luo Gangwei is a square layout of the Propaganda Department of Huidong County Party Committee

The salt industry ended: Fanhe salt industry has risen and faded out of history several times

In the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, the history of the salt production area of ​​Huizhou was unknown. During the Qianlong period, the port was changed, and the Yueyan, Yueyan, Gan, Gan, Gui, Xiang, Fujian, and Guizhou provinces in Yueyan District. According to the "Guangdong Tongzhi", the 48th year of Kangxi (1709) Xinfeng, Longnan, and Dingnan counties were originally eaten to eat tide salt. These three counties bordered Huizhou, far from Chao Road, and difficult to transfer. This is the beginning of the Huiyi Salt Salt to the history of Gannan. The Qing Dynasty's "Liangyang Salt" records the Salt Salt Salt Area of ​​Biga Gulf. The transportation of salt of Guishan County is water and land. Dingnan, Anyuan, Longnan, Lianping, Yongan, Changning, Guishan, Heyuan and other ports.

In the 1950s, in order to increase taxes and prevent salt people from smuggling, Huidong region had undergone management of homelessness. By the 1970s, Fanhe set up a salt office, and the plaque was still left at the original site of Fanhe Salt Office. When the salt industry produced red fire, Yancho reached more than 40 hectares, and more than 2.5 million kg of salt produced each year.

In the late 1980s, some administrative districts in Guangdong Province were adjusted to cancel the establishment of the Huiyang area. The salt industry management institutions and the sales areas under their jurisdiction followed accordingly. Decreased, Fan He also gradually reduced the production of salt fields. Some salt people abandoned salt to do business or abandon salt and workers. Output decreases year by year.

According to the villagers, in the late 1980s, Fanhe Yan Industry began to change its production, and the former salt fields were transformed into a farm for shrimp and crabs. In the 1990s, the production of salt industry entered a low tide. With the development of the economy and society, Fan He completely ended the history of salt production. Fan He has almost no salt field today. For hundreds of years, Fan He's salt industry has changed several times, leaving a strong historical and humanistic mark on this ancient village.

(Instructor/Duan Xueyu Wang Jie)

Fanhe Village is beautiful. Today's Huizhou.com information chart

Wenmai tonight

Ancient rhyme new wind introduce tourists to check in

Text/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Chen Liyuan

Fanhe Village is located at the northwest of the Pingping Peninsula. It is built at the end of Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. It has a history of more than 600 years. Fan Hecun has retained cultural relics such as the large -scale fences, temples, ancient theaters, and ancient temples. The reporter learned that in recent years, Huidong County Zhenhe Village has vigorously tapped the historical and cultural resources of ancient villages, and used various characteristic resources to promote the development of the rural leisure tourism industry.

Recently, the reporter visited Fanhe Village that there were various public facilities such as tourist service centers, cultural squares, and special parks in the village. Entering the exhibition hall of the tourist service center, you can clearly understand the historical and cultural heritage of Fan He village; in the new Pig Mountain Park, villagers and tourists take a leisurely walk; walking between the village roads, you can see that the houses on both sides are transformed into characteristic homestays ... … With the implementation of the rural rejuvenation, Fanhe Village Guyun Xinfeng reflected each other. "In recent years, the appearance of village villages in the village has changed a lot. The roads, parks, and greening not only benefit the villagers, but also attract many tourists to visit the ancient village." Fanhe Village villagers Chen Shu told reporters that his children have been in Huicheng District To settle, he wanted to take him over, but now the environment in the village is getting better and better, and he is more willing to stay in the countryside. Uncle Chen admits that in the past few years, many homestays have been opened in the village, and often I have seen tourists who come to ask the road to punch Kuku House. "There are many ancient buildings in Fanhe Village, mostly in the Ming and Qing dynasties, including the Ming and Qing dynasties, including Luo Gaug, Yoshitangwei, Changxingwei, etc." According to the relevant person in charge of the village committee, these characteristic ancient enclosures have now become Fanhe Fanhe. The village has the most historical cultural heritage of historical cultural relics.

Looking from the hillside on the side of the visitor center, the spectacular panoramic view of Luogang Village Luo Gangwei can be watched. Luo Gang surrounds a square layout, with a length and width of 99 meters. There are four gate buildings in east, west, south, and north, which are connected by 108 houses. Luo Gang was sitting north to the south, and a city was built in the main entrance to defend the bandits. Entering the enclosure, the roadway and alleys are staggered, and dozens of houses in the village are neatly connected. The reporter saw that there are still some villagers living in a quaint enclosure. "I have heard of Fanhe Gucun's name before. This time I passed Laoshan on the way to the beach, and came to see it. The scenery and humanities here are very distinctive, and it is worth come again." Miss Li said praise. The reporter learned from Lishan Town, Huidong County that in recent years, Lishan Town is committed to promoting the development of 4 villages including Changpai Village, Fanhe Village, Furong Village, and Dadun Village. Essence Among them, Fanhe Village is based on the theme of "Fishing Songs Singing Late, Mengmei and Ancient Countries", creating a tourist, leisure and entertainment service area. According to reports, Fanhe Village will focus on the construction of Fanhe ancient villages, focusing on the protection and development of ancient monuments such as ancient enclosures, ancient temple halls, and the inheritance of traditional culture to ensure the effective inheritance of traditional culture.

Coordinated planning/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Ma Yong Chen Xiaopeng

Text/Liu Kangle Huang Green Liang Xuhui Picture/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Chen Liyuan

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