Look at the ancient Shu civilization westward channel from the tomb

Mouo No. 1 Sarobusopus Tomb is located in a slightly flat place on the back of Mao Village, Nanxin Town, Hegu Mao County, Minjiang River. After the villagers were found to be pitted in 1992, the Maoxian Museum and the Aba Prefecture Cultural Management Office jointly investigated and cleaned up. Mouo No. 1 Sarobusopus Tomb is the most abundant and highest level of sarcophagus tomb unearthed in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.

Staged graveyard

Mouo No.1 Sarobusopus Tomb is a cemetery or cemetery planned with M1 as its core planning, including M1 and 3 utensil pits (K1, K2, K3). The unearthed utensils are abundant. Among them, there are bronze rituals, such as Ding, 罍, Dun, and Zhan, instruments such as bells, buttons, bells, 钲, weapons such as swords, ga, spears, halberds, and daily exquisite pottery also contains grains and There are jade artifacts, accessories and silk fabrics. Some utensils such as Ding,, Dun, Zhan, and Bell are all discovered in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River for the first time. Weapons, especially bronze swords, show the exchange of culture with the culture of the Chengdu Plain, the Northern Grassland, and the western Yunnan region, and show the diversity of the cultural appearance of the Hengduan Mountains' national migration corridor; Show the inextricable connection with the Chengdu Plain.

After careful analysis of M1, you will find three very strange phenomena. First of all, the ritual instruments unearthed from M1 include Ding 1, 罍 1, 1, Cup 3, Yongzhong 1, Nurtle Bell 3, Ling 1, 罍 and Yongzhong on the coffin cover. Pottery with local characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River contains food and meat. Instead, a large amount of ritual instruments are unearthed in three funeral pits: K1, K2, and K3. From the point of view of the utensils, although the pottery is humble, it is closer to the tomb owner. Although the ceremony is respected, it looks alienated from the tomb owner. Different from the usual funeral items that are placed inside and ordinary items are placed. Secondly, the position of the M1 is on the ridge behind Musuo Village. Although it can stand down the valley, the slope is large (the top of the tomb is the surface slope), and the flat ground is narrow, which does not meet the requirements of the usual tomb selection site. Again, M1's lonely ridges contrary to the customs of the convergence of the hubs that were generally prevalent at that time. The above three points make people can't help asking why the tomb owner chose the desolate ridge behind Mu Tuo Village as the cemetery, and why did it make a contrary to common sense of the future?

Wanless connection

The rich utensils unearthed from Moutuo No. 1 Sarobuska are the physical evidence of the relationship between the relationship between the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and the ancient Shu Kingdom of Chengdu Plain in the late Warring States Period in the late Warring States Period. Scholars such as Gao Chenglin, Hao Xiaoxiao, etc. believe that the bronze containers and instruments in this batch of utensils show strong Chu cultural factors and Yue -based cultural factors. The Chengdu Plain, separated from the Mount Mountain, also generally appeared "Chu Feng West" at this time, which deeply affected a large number of high -grade tombs during the Warring States Period, such as the Tomb of the Malaysia Magnolia, Baihuatan M10, etc. Essence On the sarcophagus cover of Mouo M1, a bronze cricket was placed in the position of the head compartment, and a bronze clock was placed in the middle of the sarcophagus. During the excavation, there was still a small slate with the mouth, and there was a slightly rectangular stone under the cushion. It should be deliberately placed at the time of the burial. Gao Chenglin believes that 甬 and Yongzhong may be a symbol of identity in this period. The same combination is found in a square seal unearthed from the tomb of the Maga Mujia and a square seal of the m33 of the Shizhen City Pass.

Yan Zhibin believes that the Fang Yin unearthed from M5, M2 and Ya'an Jingjing County Nantoujing County, Pujiang County, is also a combination of 罍 and Yongzhong. The M153, Shuangyuan Village, Dajie Town, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu is very interesting. It seems that the tomb owner is not qualified to use the seal of the 罍 and 甬 甬 甬, so the double puppet and the double buttons are made into a bone seal button. 3 bone seal of Shuangyin Yinxin.

As early as the Sanxingdui culture period in the late Shang Dynasty, more respected and rituals were unearthed in the Sanxingdui sites K1 and K2. For a long time, the academic community also believes that Zun and Polymers at that time may be similar to the combinations of the Lang, Jue, and Puppet combinations of the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains. The later one is approximately equivalent to the Pengxian Zhuwa Street cellar in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Zun has disappeared, and it may occupy a dominant position in the ritual system.

The placement of the and bells unearthed from the Mouo M1 is very special, and it is likely that the tomb owner has accepted the ritual system of the ancient Shu country of the Chengdu Plain. The probability is also an important member of this power system. According to the "Huayang National Chronicle", during the ancient Shu Duyu dynasty, "Wen Mountain was the animal husbandry, and the south was the garden garden." Because the tomb of Ma Jiamu was stolen, only the utensils in the waist pit were retained. This large tomb with a combination of 5 tributaries also has 5 罍 and 5 -chop (clock clock). The combination of the bell shows that the combination of the bell in the ancient Shu may have more special symbolic significance. It can be seen that the identity of the M1 tomb owner should be very distinguished, which may also be an important reason why he has an independent cemetery. The tomb owner is likely to be the monarch of Maowen (Wenshan). Wenshan is the attached country of ancient Shu. This also explains why the funeral items are more pro -pro -clan in the placement, and put the ceremony in a relatively alienated position.

Hidden thousand -year passage

Then the problem also follows. Just transport these heavy weapons from the Chengdu Plain to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, there is a passage between the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and the Chengdu Plain. If the tomb owner of Moutuo M1 is in the power system of ancient Shu, there should be relatively developed transportation between the two places, so that it is enough to support the personnel exchanges, information transmission and material exchanges between the two places. The ancient channel problem, due to the changes in natural conditions and the improvement of technology, it is difficult to recover, so archeology discuss the exchanges between the two regions or culture, and generally do not discuss the specific path. However, because of the inspection mentioned below, we may be able to explore this issue and provide an explanation for the location of Mouo M1. At the end of October 2021, the Wenchuan County Museum organized a forty Litang archeological survey. The reason for this survey is that forty miletang ponds have a defensive Tibetan Tangcheng "Meng Hecheng" (or name of Meng Castle, etc.), which defense Tubo entered the Chengdu Plain. In order to find more clues, the Wenchuan County Museum and the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute and the Aba Prefecture Museum jointly planned the implementation of forty miletang archeological surveys.

Forty Li Tang is a rare flat land in the hinterland of the Longmen Mountains. It is divided into about 3 units. From high to low, from high to low, from south to north, it is one pond, two ponds, and three ponds, and then the Wenzhen Gully Valley. Forty Li Tang is surrounded by mountains on all sides, with a flat land in the middle. The climate is relatively warm and humid. The surface vegetation is virgin forest. The inspection team and his party turned from Yueli Village, Yanmen Town, Wenchuan County to the mountains to forty miles ponds. There was no flat land for camping along the way. Forty Li Tang was the best place for the natural environment of this road. The map of the Republic of China was also identified that forty milette ponds were the must -see nodes in the shortcuts of Pengxian and Dujiangyan. "Wenchuan County Chronicle" said: "Yanmen negative mountains Linjiang (Minjiang), standing on both sides of the strait, Zhongtong front line, only Hongyan can fly over, so it is called 'Yanmen'." Local villagers have seen the boardwalk hole in Yanmengou, not today live. If you use forty miletang as a node, enter the mountain from Wenzhen ditch (belonging to Maoxian), you can avoid the Fritillaria Mountain Liangzi with an altitude of 3600-4000 meters, and then slowly up to the lowest three ponds (about 2800 meters above sea level) to the second to the second two to the second. Pond and one to a pond (about 3600 meters above sea level) should be a better channel than Yanmengou, and it should also be an important passage to cross the Longmen Mountains before the development of Yanmengou planks and communicate between the two places. In the mouth of Wenwen Town, the opposite side is Mu Tuo Village, and opposite the Moutuo No.1 Sarobatus Tomb.

Use Google Earth to simulate the M1 position. The landscape seen by the tomb owner "gets up". In addition to the Muliang River Valley and Mountain, the Wen Zhengou on the left is the more important landscape in the field of vision. And if you stand at a higher angle, forty miles ponds to the north, turning over Chen Jiashan Liangzi is two large grooves, the south is the Lianlou groove, and the direction of the north is the Yin Factory Gulf. Yinchanggou is one of the source of the Langjiang River. Lian La Laigou remitted into the Lajiang River in Longmen Mountain Town, and the Shunjiajiang River can enter the Chengdu Plain.

The tomb owners have bronze, copper, copper, copper, copper bells, and copper cups from the Chengdu Plain. They are ritual instruments with power and identity symbols. They do not have wealth. There are 17 layers of fabrics on the wooden board at the bottom of the tomb. Except for the first layer of the body, the other 16 layers are silk, as thin as cicada wings, which should be from the Chengdu Plain. The acceptance of the politeness system of the ancient Shu Kingdom of the ancient Shu Kingdom seems to show that the phrase "with Wenshan as the animal husbandry and the garden garden in the south" of the ancient Shu country is not a novel. The M1 tomb owner's closeness to local utensils and hemps, respect for the funeral customs of their own clan, shows their unforgettable fundamentals.

For the more advanced, prosperous, and powerful ancient Shu Kingdom, the tomb owner has the meaning of yearning. The importance of the channel is self -evident for the ancient Shu Kingdom and the upper reaches of the Laurel of the Dragon Gate Mountains. After grasping the passage, you can master power and wealth. The tomb owner of Mouo M1 may be the reason why this seems to be desolate.

Of course, the Watch Channel is now just a hypothesis about the Tomo No. 1 Tomb. Is the site selection really related to this channel? Is it a coincidence or intentional? As the highest -level tomb of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, is the violation of the general concept of acupoint selection? Where is the tomb of other monarchy? Can the special position of Mouo provide a reference example of searching? These questions also need more archeological work and discovery to answer.

(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Research on Civilized Huaxia in the Ancient Shu Area" (21 & ZD223) phased results)

(Author unit: Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Wanjiao

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