The rocket designer explains the "Bing Dun Dun" entrusted asks to the Tiangu experimental cabin to the China Space Station

The Yangtze River Daily Da Wuhan Client July 25 (Correspondent Dong Jiaying, a reporter in Beijing) At 14:22 on July 24 at the launching site in Wenchang, Hainan, the Long March 5 Yao Three Launar Rockets (referred to as "Long Five B" The nickname "Fat Five") rushed into the clouds and successfully put the first experimental compartment during the construction stage of my country's space station, which is also the heaviest load launch launching in my country to date -asked the Tiantian experimental cabin to the scheduled track.

Li Dong, the chief teacher of the long five -B Rockets, rushed to the hot search for the "Fat Five" "Versailles". Qian Hang, the overall design department of the China Launch Rocket Technology Research Institute, told the Yangtze River Daily that the "Fat Five" successfully entrusted the "Wonderful Hand" to the Chinese Space Station. The efforts of scientific researchers in Rocket Academy show the leading strength of China Laurel Rockets.

"Bingdun Dun" wears "heat insulation sweater"

As the new -generation carrier rocket with the largest near -ground rail loading capacity in my country, the long five -B rocket has a 20.5 -meter largest domestic streaming cover, and the near -ground rail carrying capacity reaches 25 tons. It supports the most "heavy" load in 2022 -asking the sky experimental cabin (about 23.2 tons), and interpret the romantic "space kiss".

In the summer, the hottest and worst solar terms in the year. This time the launch of the Sky Experimental Cel was the next day.

The long five B "waist" is thick and "a head" is large, and the "belly" is filled with "deep temperature" liquid oxygen liquid hydrogen fuel, accounting for more than 90%of the rocket weight, which can be called the "ice pier" in the rocket family.

In order to cross the layer of fire, the oxygen temperature in its body reaches -183 ° C, and the liquid hydrogen temperature can reach -253 ° C, which is close to -273.15 ° C.

In the summer season, Hainan Wenchang is a low latitude, high temperature, and humid land. After the low temperature promotion agent is injected, the temperature of the rocket body is low, and the phenomenon of knotting will occur. The waterproof of the arrow structure has a greater challenge.

For this reason, the coldness of the whole body must prevent the internal temperature of the storage box from being too high after completing the injection. Therefore, the insulation material and process are used to set up armal insulation layer on the outer layer, just like putting on a "heat -insulated sweater" to keep it keep it, keep it keeping it and keep it. The low temperature environment inside and outside the arrow body is large. Not only can it effectively reduce the temperature of the internal temperature of the tank, but it can also effectively alleviate the generation of condensed water outside the arrow body.

The conductor of the Rocket Institute's structure system explained the working principle of "thermal insulation sweater": "On the one hand, the team can guide the water in the cabin by designing drainage masks and pouring holes inside the rectifier; on the other hand,, on the other hand,, on the other hand,, on the other hand The key equipment and cables of the arrow body are taken waterproof measures. At the same time, the connection between the arrow sections also use the tapem and other means to block the external water vapor to prevent the external water vapor from entering the inside of the arrow body. "

Before performing the launch task, about 20 floors of "ice pier" with a height and hundreds of tons of "ice pier" must be transferred from the assembly plant to the launch tower. It takes two or three hours to complete the whole process. In order to prevent the "ice pier" from being "hot", the designer set up a cold chain transportation for this "giant".

"If the cold chain transportation cannot be guaranteed throughout the process, the metal will affect the capacity of the kerosene storage tank once the metal is hot and contracted." Said Lou Liang, deputy chief designer of the Rocket Dean Five B Rockets.

Perform the "zero window" launch task for the first time

This is the first time that the long five -series rockets perform the "zero window" launch task. Liu Bing, the overall deputy director of the Rockets President Five B Rockets, said: "Asked the Tiangong Experimental Curring needs to have a rapid meeting with the heaven and the core compartment, and assembled in the orbit. If it cannot reach the designated location, it takes a huge cost to adjust the track; even leads to the termination of the launch, then you need to wait for the next launch window to re -organize the launch, which seriously affects the task cycle. "

In order to ensure on -time launch, the long five B team made more than 30 improvements in the production process, improved the reliability of the rocket, and adjusted the workflows of each system from "connecting" to "parallel". Reserve 2.5 minutes of failure before ignition.

In addition, the launching ground shared by the long five -B rocket and the long five rocket, the ground equipment was put into use in 2013, and some equipment has reached the service life. The model team tested, repaired and replaced the launch venue equipment to ensure smooth launch tasks.

This task has further optimized the test process. Now the launch preparations can be completed in 53 days, which has been shortened by 7 days. It has laid the foundation for further improving the rocket launch efficiency and the response to the normalized launch of high -density in the future.

Sit in the big "sofa" to the space station

Ask the sky experimental cabin is one of the largest rectifiers in the world, and the heaviest and largest of the three -cabin section of China Space Station. In order to accommodate the "passenger", the scientific research team specially customized the PLUS version of the air -conditioned room, that is, the large rectifier cover that always maintains the air -conditioning air -conditioning air supply of normal temperature.

Qian Hang said: "In order to ensure the connection installation of the sky compartment, we have also done a lot of work in the cleaning of the excess of rectification, load bracket, and instrument compartment. Make sure that there will be no excess objects during the rocket flight and separation movement; The cleanliness of the load bracket and the cleansing of the instrument compartment is strict. Once excess object stagnation occurs, it will have a catastrophic effect. "

Lou Liang said that there are two air supply interfaces on the rectifier of the "Bing Dun". The air conditioner can meet the requirements of the large space and air conditioner, and ensure that the sky cabin is always in a comfortable environment. The head cone section of the rectifier uses the Fengka door cone curve, and the height of the head cone reaches more than 5 meters, which greatly reduces the pneumatic heating of the rocket during the atmospheric flight, and ensures that the temperature difference between the inner and outer flowers of the rectifier is small. The designer's cork with excellent thermal insulation effects on the outer side of the rectifier, which effectively reduces the temperature in the cover caused by pneumatic heating, avoids baking when the sky cabin is burned when crossing the atmosphere. When launching on July 24, after the cabin arrow was separated, the careful friends may find that at the tail of the "passenger", there are two round frames, as if the experimental cabin is sitting on something.

This is a large "sofa" designed by the designer of the Rocket Academy for the construction task of the manned aerospace engineering space station. "Passengers" and the Rockets are more comfortable and safer when the Rockets are separated.

Sun Yan, deputy director of the productization of the Rocket Academy, introduced that "passengers" such as the space station cabin have the characteristics of large, high, and heavy, and the band cannot be fixed to this behemoth. In order to allow the space station cabin section to "get off the car" safely, the development team has developed a new cabin arrow separation device after nearly 10 years of hard work. Reliable and pollution -free separation.

The instant impact of the new separation device on the separation surface is as high as 30,000g! This is equivalent to the impact of a car with a weight of 1 ton at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour to the wall, which is enough to make the car and the wall break the bones instantly.

Sun Yan said that there are many ceramics and optical devices in the space station cabin, which is particularly sensitive to impact, as delicate as a baby. This impact of magnitude will make "passengers" "uncomfortable", and may also damage more crispy components.

In order to ensure the separation of safety, the development team has a different approach. While not changing the form of the arrow connection, a circular "seat" is designed for the space station cabin section, and the optimal position of the "seat" is finalized. This "seat" consists of two circular interval frames, and new technologies such as "granular damping" are introduced inside, allowing separation and impact in the friction and collision of the granular, and quickly dissipate the momentum, reducing the impact by 10 times by 10 times On the left and right, the world's best is the best, so that the "passenger" is on the way to enter space and the time of separation of arrows. It feels as comfortable as sitting on the "sofa"!

Long March 5 B Yao Lae Rockets.

Long March 5 B Rocket takes off.

On April 29, 2021, the space station sky and the core cabin sat on this "sofa" to space. This year, I asked the Tianjie Experimental Cels to enjoy this service. Because it is higher and larger, the designer customized more adaptive optimization designs to ensure its changes in the hot environment, use and interface.

Of course, this big "sofa" increases the weight of more than 100 kilograms to the rocket. To this end, the Rockets continue to reduce the weight to improve the carrying capacity.

(Photo of the overall design department of the first house of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group)

(Planning: Dong Jiaying, Wang Weitong)

【Edit: Ding】

For more exciting content, please download the "Da Wuhan" client in the major application markets.

- END -