From "climbing scientific examination" to "scientific research climbing"

Discipline covers a wide range of scientific research teams, advanced instruments and equipment, and "Peak Mission 2022" Mount Everest Scientific Examination is preliminarily obtained by a series of iconic results

From "climbing scientific examination" to "scientific research climbing"

Scientific research players set up automatic weather stations above 8800 meters above Mount Everest. Xinhua News Agency special reporter Somrono Photo

The "Extreme Mind No. 1" type III floating boat stopped at the venue. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fei Photo

"Previously, the mountaineering team was carrying the scientific examination team, and now the scientific research team brought the mountaineering team." At the "Peak Mission" Mount Everest Scientific Examination Conference jointly organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the second second Yao Tandong, the captain of the Qinghai -Tibet Science and Tibetan Examination Team and the commander -in -chief of Mount Everest, pointed out that this scientific test has realized the transformation from the "mountaineering scientific examination" to "scientific research climbing", and it has achieved from "I want to conquer you" The change of the idea of ​​understanding you has realized the application of new technologies and new methods.

In May of this year, the "Peak Mission 2022 — Research on Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Mount Everest Extremely High Altitude Area" was successfully implemented in the Everest area of ​​Tibet. This is a comprehensive science subject with a wide range of disciplines since the start of the Qinghai -Tibet Science and Tibetan science examination, a wide range of subject coverage, many participants in scientific research players, and advanced instruments and equipment.

What are the highlights of this scientific test? What are the results? The reporter interviewed relevant experts.

Get ice core sample at different altitude heights at the same time, study the impact of global warming on high altitude glaciers

Ice core is a password to study the changes in the climate environment of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau. The glaciers of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau are generally hundreds of meters thick, which have been formed after thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years. The ice core made from it records the climate and environmental changes of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau.

Xu Baiqing, the leader of the high altitude ice core drilling group and researcher at the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "A ice core, from the top to the bottom, represents different eras. The various substances contained in the ice core are the objects of research. "

It is not the first time that drilling the ice core in the Everest area is not the first time, but this year, the scientific examination team has been obtained by obtaining ice core samples at the same time at different altitude heights.

Why do you want to do this? Xu Baiqing told reporters: "The atmospheric circulation situation at different altitude heights is completely different. We can obtain ice cores from different altitude from Everest at different altitudes, and trace back and forth at different historical periods and high altitude environment changes. It can be directly reflected in the global climate. In the context of changes, the impact of global warming on glacier ablation in different altitude gradients. "

In order to complete the drilling and transportation work before the monsoon coming, to ensure the quality of the ice core, the ice core drilling work of Mount Everest scientific research is carried out at the extremely cold night. Level eight. After the drilling is completed, the scientific research team will cut the ice core into sections as needed, seal them with custom plastic bags, mark basic information, and transfer to the Everest base camp at an altitude of 5200 meters overnight. Institute of Bing Core in the Institute of Lhasa.

After the efforts of the scientific research team, the Mount Everest scientific research successfully obtained three ice and snow samples from 6,500 meters, 7028 meters, and 8848 meters above sea level.

"When we found that the east velvet cloth glacier at 6500 meters above sea level found that the temperature at the bottom of the glacier was minus 8 degrees Celsius, the temperature on the surface of the glacier was minus 4 to 5 degrees Celsius, and the surface was about 3 degrees Celsius higher than the bottom." Xu Baiqing thought This shows that the temperature of the upper part of the Everest Glacier is rising, the ice surface is strong, and it is changing from the cold glacier to the warm glacier.

Xu Baiqing told reporters that global warming has an important impact on the thermal structure in glaciers. "There is an inverted ice temperature structure, that is, the ice temperature at the bottom is very low, but the higher the ice temperature. In this way, it will have an important impact on the power process and melting process of the entire glacier."

In the ice core library located in Lhasa, experts carried out preliminary measurement analysis on the ice and snow sample collected by Everest. It was found that the peak ice and snow samples were more moist than expected, and the high altitude ice and snow were accelerating and melting.

Xu Baiqing said: "A large amount of ice layer develops in the ice core, some can reach one or two centimeters thick, and the snow is very wet, showing a strong melting. The impact of glaciers above eight kilometers should be very strong. "

In addition, the analysis results also show that the changes in extremely high altitude environment have significant gradient characteristics. Since 1860, Mount Everest has changed its monsoon precipitation in the extremely high altitude area, and has continued to decrease since the 1950s, and the environmental impact of human activities has continued to strengthen.

Release the ozone spherical balloon independently developed in my country, "Jimu No. 1" type III floating boat, etc. to explore the evolution of the atmosphere of the Everest area

The changes in the climate environment of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau can be described as "leaving the whole body" for other parts of the world.

In this Everest Scientific Examination, Zhu Tong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dean of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Peking University, led the Everest atmosphere and the human health science team to release the ozone exploration independently developed by my country in the Everest Camp at an altitude of 5200 meters. The air balloon, the highest height reaches 39.1 kilometers.

Zhu Tong said: "There are some ozone in the middle of the flat stratum, and the height of the concentration covers is 30 to 40 kilometers. The empty balloon reaches 39 kilometers, which basically covers the concentration of the entire ozone layer to get more complete data. This data is for us to us It is very important to understand the evolution of the entire Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, especially the atmosphere of the Everest area. "

Through the preliminary analysis of data, researchers for the first time confirmed that the ozone concentration of Everest Earth was high. "Through further analysis, it is expected to reveal the vertical transportation of the high ozone concentration of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau or the horizontal conveying of the western wind band of the Western Wind Belt, which plays a decisive role in the atmospheric oxidation of the plateau." Zhu Tong said. The Qinghai -Tibet Plateau is a giant "regulator" of monsoon and west wind. The scientific research team carried out the collaborative role of the West wind -monsoon coordination and impact onstead of exploration tests at the Everest Base Camp and Mount Everest Station.

Zhufeng Scientific Examination West Wind — The role of the monsoon coordination and its influence of the team leader, Ma Yaoming, researcher of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Preliminary analysis found that the Everest Camp has a very strong glacier style, and the strong thermal effect of the northern slope of Mount Everest As a result, the pumping effect on the surrounding atmosphere is the main driving force of strong wind in this area during the day. Studies have found that the Western wind circulation in early May had a significant impact on the Boundary of the Himalayas' atmosphere. "

For a long time, due to the lack of observation data of the main greenhouse gas concentration of the plateau atmosphere, related research work lacks sufficient data support. This scientific examination uses the new platform of helicopters and floating boats to measure the vertical distribution of carbon dioxide and methane in the Everest area for the first time. Distribution features.

"At present, the preliminary result of our observation is that the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere of Lhasa to Mount Everest is gradually declining, but the concentration of methane at about 6500 meters to 7000 meters is very high, and it may exist in exogenous methane input at high altitude." China in China. "China." China. "China." China. "China." China. "China." China. "China." China. "China." China. Park Shilong, an academician of the Academy of Sciences, the captain of the Mount Everest Scientific Examination Ecosystem, and a researcher at the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "This research results help accurately estimate the carbon source exchange function of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau ecosystem, and provide data support for the achievement of the" dual carbon "goals. ","

The interaction of the surface and atmosphere affects climate, water, atmospheric circulation and air quality. One of the changes in the process will affect other processes change. In order to accurately reveal the interaction process of the surface and atmosphere, and provide key scientific data for model optimization, the "Extreme Mind No. 1" floating boat independently developed by my country in this scientific examination played a key role.

During the scientific examination, the floating boat was equipped with a variety of observation instruments, successfully completed the scientific observation of atmospheric atmosphere 10 times, maximum to 9050 meters, and completed the observation task over expectations.

Gao Jing, the leader of the Panteaka Kaiba Panpiece Comprehensive vertical observation group and a researcher at the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: "For the first time, we have obtained a number of precious data on the high -altitude atmosphere from the surface to the upper part of the stream, including the water vapor stabilization isotope Meteorological parameters such as black carbon concentration, dust content, methane concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and wind temperature and humidity pressure, it provides an important scientific basis for revealing the changes in the environmental changes in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau under the influence of the West wind transmission. Provide new understanding of the cycle process. "

Carry out large -scale adaptive research on high -scale human body to obtain valuable biological samples and environmental data

What changes will the human body change in the extremely high altitude area of ​​Everest? The Mount Everest Scientific Examination was tracked in four high -level activities such as 5200 meters, 5800 meters, 6350 meters, and 8848 meters above sea level to carry out scientific issues such as high -altitude hypoxia.

"We focus on exploring what violent changes will human body have in the extremely high altitude area? If in the severe changes, the human body is exposed to some pollutants, such as air pollution ? "Zhu Tong introduced.

In order to obtain first -hand data, Zhu Tong and some members of the scientific research team personally played in person, wearing sensors that measure blood oxygen and ECG monitoring, carrying a mountaineering bag, and a mountaineering rod, walking back and forth between the Mount Mount Base Camp and the velvet glacier. During the practice, the scientific research teams collected specimens such as blood samples, urine samples, saliva, etc., and also measured blood pressure and monitoring pulse wave conduction speed. For research needs, some scientific research members even climb to 6,350 meters or even higher altitude to provide sample support for subsequent research.

Exploring low -voltage hypoxia and high concentration of ozone exposure to the health impact of the rapid progress of the plateau is also one of the tasks of this scientific research research. For the first time, the team's health influence on the health of the Pacific residents and short -lived people has obtained valuable biological samples and environmental data.

For more than a month, the scientific examination team has completed five biological samples and about 200 visits, and about 1,000 biological sample collection has been collected.

Zhu Tong said: "This health data and samples obtained by further analysis are expected to reveal low -pressure hypoxia and high concentration of ozone. Immune and physiological function changes such as influence. "

Due to the long project cycle, many research data are still collecting and sorting. Zhu Tong believes that with the results of more results, it is expected to summarize the laws from the phenomenon, and then provide targeted prevention and protection measures for people who produce and live in high -altitude regions or short -term visiting.

(Source: People's Daily reporter Wu Yuehui)

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