The combination of industry -university -research creates "Hunan fungus" hundreds of billions of industries

□ Our reporter Gao Ruixia

Recently, on the banks of Rouge Lake in the south of Yiyang, Hunan, a fresh mushrooms have broken the soil to "support the umbrella", becoming a "fairy mushroom" that helps the local industrial transformation and the increase in the income of the people.

Edible fungi is a traditional industry and an emerging industry. It has developed into the fifth largest category of crops in my country after grain, oil, fruits, and vegetables. The development of the edible fungus industry in Hunan has unique conditions. The province's annual crop straw, shell leather, wood chips, bamboo dandruff and other by -products of 10 billion kilograms, plus the climate is hot and humid, the rainfall is abundant, the forests in the Qiaogang Mountains are clustered, and the large reeds in the Dongting Lake District are very suitable for the development of edible fungi. At present, there are more than 60 edible fungus cultivation in the province.

In recent years, the Hunan Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative proposed to build a "Hunan fungus" 100 billion industry. Since the establishment of the Hunan Edible Fungus Research Institute, which is a subordinate unit of the provincial society, since its establishment, the three business departments have created the "quality resources, efficient cultivation, and deep processing departure. The new model of the development of edible bacteria in 1+3+n "has made positive contributions to the development of the province's edible fungus industry.

R & D and promotion of new bacteria

Qijiang Vegetarian has the reputation of "the hometown of reeds". The reed area is 450,000 mu, and the annual reed production is about 350,000 tons. In the past, reeds were mainly used for papermaking, but after the exit of papermaking companies in 2018, the reed lost its economic value, and more than 90%of the reeds were abandoned. This not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment.

"In reed clusters, delicious edible fungi can often be found, and the locals call it 'reed bacteria." Zhang Yu, director of the Hunan Edible Fungus Research Institute, introduced that in 2017, the research team went deep into the Reeds of the Reed in the Reeds of the Reeds of the Reeds of the Reeds of the Reeds of the Reeds of the River It was found that the reed mushroom strain was discovered and cooperated with the local Hunan Province Guangya Edible Fungus Co., Ltd., and began to cultivate reed mushrooms artificially with reeds.

One acre of reed mushrooms can consume 20 tons of reeds. The reed resources of the entire Dongting Lake are not only used, but the problem of water pollution in the lake has also been solved. At the end of 2019, three superior varieties of reed fields cultivated by the Institute of reed ground -adhesive phosphorus umbrella, Haruki field mushrooms, and large balls covering mushrooms were listed. welcome.

"These domesticated reeds belong to the middle and high -end ranks, and the output value of the cultivation of reeds is 10 times that of reeds. In the first half of this year, we started to promote large -scale promotion." Said Shi Yuelong, general manager of Guangya Edible Fungus Co., Ltd. Essence

On March 10, 2020, the asparagus industry management office was established in Qijiang City to promote the development of the reeds industry. It is expected that this year, the annual reeds produced by Qijiang will reach 100,000 tons.

In addition to the reed mushrooms, the Xiangxiang apricot 98 selected by the Institute of Edible Fungus Institute, as a special species for factory production, promoted in nearly 20 provinces and municipalities across the country with an annual output value of nearly 5 billion yuan. In addition, the Edible Fungus Research Institute also selected more than 30 new varieties such as high -quality shiitake mushrooms, bamboo crickets, more thanhables, and ju Matsato that were suitable for light simplification and cultivation in the province. “我们还承担部分种业服务功能，每年对外提供各类食用菌母种3000余份、原种2万多瓶，保证了部分农户和企业的用种安全。”张宇介绍，2021年，芦苇More than 10 varieties and supporting technologies such as mushrooms, gallery mushrooms, black leather chicken, and more than 10 varieties and other supporting technologies have been settled in production enterprises. A number of scientific and technological achievements and invention patents have been developed and applied by enterprises, becoming a new starting point for enterprise transformation and upgrading and high -quality development.

At present, the excellent bacteria selected by the institute have accumulated more than 2,000 acres in Changsha, Zhuzhou, Hengyang and Huaihua, and new sales revenue of more than 50 million yuan, with significant economic, social and ecological benefits.

Answer to the escort industry

In April of this year, the prevention and control of Changsha's new crown pneumonia's epidemic finally resumed zero. Coinciding with the key nodes of many edible fungus varieties, many days in the office, the relevant experts and technicians of the Institute of Edible Fungus Research Institute who were anxious and worried about the office decided to go to the front line of production.

On April 28, the expert group of the Edible Fungus Research Institute came to Kaihui Town and Fulin Town, Wuxi Town, Changsha County, Pingjiang County. At the Ganoderma planting site in Wucheng Town, Jiang Xingjian, an associate researcher at the Edible Fungus Research Institute, carefully checked the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, and conducted technical guidance on a series of issues existing on the scene: Ganoderma lucidum cultivation matrix was not thorough. At about 8 in pH; the bacteria case should be removed as soon as possible after the bacteria are full, and disinfected with low concentration of lime water; Ganoderma lucidum production venue should cover the shading film ... Before leaving, Jiang Xianjian repeatedly told the farmers, and What time is disinfected and how to disinfect, how many times a day, how to regulate the dry and humidity of the bacteria.

For experts from the Institute of Edible Fungus, they are in the countryside for more than half a year. In enterprises, in farmers' professional cooperatives, and in the sheds of edible fungi, they tirelessly explain how to plant different seasons and varieties for growers, and make reasonable layout planning according to the actual situation and production characteristics of the enterprise, the actual situation and production characteristics of the enterprise , Variety matching.

"If it is not an expert at the Institute of Edible Fungus, we can't make so much profit." He Shiquan, chairman of Changsheng Cooperative, Fengyan Mountain Village, Qianjiayao Township, Jiangyong County, said gratefully. The Chizhi (Ganoderma) planted by He Shiquan is a precious medicinal material in my country. Since ancient times, it has the reputation of "fairy grass". The market is optimistic. Experts of the Institute suggested that He Shiquan expanded the scale of Ganoderma lucidum. While picking Ganoderma lucidum, the collection of ganoderma spore powder should be considered. In this way, its output value has doubled under the circumstances of unchanged costs.

As one of the four provincial -level edible fungus scientific research institutions in the country, the Hunan Provincial Institute of Edible Fungus Institute undertakes more than 60 national, provincial and ministerial science and technology projects, formulates more than 20 local standards, develops more than 40 new technologies, and has more than 50 service bases. indivual.

"We often joked that they were either serving farmers in the base or on the way to the base." Zhang Yu said that in order to promote the development of the edible fungus industry, experts in the institute always penetrated the first -line collection of problems, solve problems, and guided production. Give full play to the role of scientific and technological support, promote the integration of edible fungus and research, and continuously promote the development of the province's edible fungus industry in the direction of scale and standardization.

Formulate standards to lead development

In addition to providing edible bacteria production, technical services, technical achievements, technical training and technical consulting, and related social services, the Institute of Edible Fungus is also responsible for formulating related technology and production procedures for edible fungus to tell growers how to plant and when to accept it, when will it accept Essence

On December 24 last year, the Hunan Provincial Market Supervision and Administration Bureau organized the provincial local standard review meeting with the Provincial Agricultural and Rural Department to review and passed the black skin chicken pheasant, Chunsheng Tiane mushrooms, and golden fungus led by the Edible Fungus Research Institute. The four rare edible fungus provincial local standards such as coral -shaped monkey heads. The development of related technical regulations is the first domestic. The expert group agreed that the four rare edible fungus varieties are quite distinctive. The cultivation technology and quality standards are standardized in China, which meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and mandatory standards. Blank is of great practical significance for the development of Hunan Agriculture, especially the edible fungus industry.

"The Institute also led the" High -quality Development Plan for Hunan Province's 100 Billion Edible fungus industry "and" Hunan Province's 100 -year Action Plan for the High -quality Development of the 100 billion Edible fungus industry ", which clarifies the goal of 100 billion 'Hunan fungi'." Zhang Yu said that through the efforts of the Edible Fungus Research Institute, improve the ability of the bacteria to innovate, and firmly grasp the germplasm and life pulse in the hands of the Chinese to achieve the reserves and optimization of bacteria resources, thereby accelerating the efficiency of bacteria production and improving improvement. The quality of bacteria has greatly improved the operating efficiency and market competitiveness of edible fungus companies and farmers' professional cooperatives.

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