Chen Luyu and Wen Yan talk: When literature meets coffee

Talks: Chen Luyu (well -known host), Wen Yan (Professor of Beijing Foreign Studies University)

Time: June 25, 2022

Location: Chaohua Xi Shi · Cultural Coffee Supply and Marketing Cooperative

Chen Luyu: The topic we are talking about today is literature and coffee. I remember Mr. Lu Xun said: "Where are the geniuses in the world? I just use the time of drinking coffee for coffee." So many people think that Lu Xun does not drink coffee, but when I see Lu Xun's diary, I found that In fact, he was drinking coffee. Even in the diary of June 26, 1920, Mr. Lu Xun said that when he went to see a friend, he drank a cup of ice coffee. I was a little surprised at the time, and felt that even if Mr. Lu Xun drank coffee, he would choose a cup of hot drink.

Wen Yan: Actually, I also think that Mr. Lu Xun may drink a cup of Espresso (concentrated coffee) will make us feel more fit with his image. It seems that ice coffee has become very popular in the 1920s and 1930s.

Chen Luyu: So I paid tribute to Lu Xun today and ordered ice coffee here. You mentioned Espresso coffee, is this Italian language?

Wen Yan: Yes, the word itself means "fast". More than a century ago, the Italians invented a new coffee machine, which greatly shortened the time to extract high -concentration coffee. Time is shortened from the original few minutes to tens of seconds, so the coffee made by this is called Espresso. At that time, it was also the era when people praised the production and fast life rhythm of the production and fast life, especially futuristic writers and artists. They longed for science, machines, speed and passion, so they all thought about sitting on the express train of Espresso and reading ESPRESSO Express, drinking Espresso's coffee, running towards the future together.

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Chen Luyu: The great writer seems to be drinking coffee no matter whether it is Chinese and foreign at home and abroad. It is said that Balzak has drank tens of thousands of cups of coffee all his life, especially in the process of writing "World Comedy". I also calculate it. I have been drinking coffee for 28 years. If I have two cups a day, I may have drank more than 20,000 cups. What about you?

Wen Yan: My enthusiast is really not qualified, because I drink tea at home, and I only drink coffee when I pass the cafe or go to the cafe to see my friends. About Balzak's "Earth Comedy" to drink tens of thousands of coffee should be said when I wrote "Barzac Biography". Balzac is completely dependent on coffee, but he can't help it. Rather than saying that he loves writing, he has to write, because he owes too much debt. If his lifestyle is used in the word "degeneration", it seems that readers cannot accept it, but if judging from the current standards, his lifestyle is indeed unhealthy: he rely on writing to exchange for manuscript remuneration. , Smooth for money. In fact, he didn't have any financial minds. When he first debuted, he wanted to do business, such as opening a printing factory and casting factory, but it turned out that his mind was only suitable for writing novels, and he couldn't do anything except writing. He has been writing desperately for a lifetime. There are more than 90 articles in "World Comedy", and there are more than 2,000 characters. As long as a person who usually writes something, he will realize that this is almost impossible to achieve. In this case, he can only use the "black oil" of coffee to provide energy for himself.

Chen Luyu: Many people say that there is a famous saying about the coffee that Balzak said: "If I are not at home, I will be in a cafe. If I am not in the cafe, I will go to the cafe." I watched two two. Biography of Balzac has not found this sentence. One is Zweig, there is no such sentence in it. There is also a "Barzac Biography" published by the People's Literature in 1993. The author's name is Andre Moloa and did not find this sentence. But I found that one of the chapters was written in a sponsor of Balzac at the time -Mrs. Belnie. She said that Balzak was either in the Voltaire Cafe, or another cafe near the French Theater to meet with friends. But this sentence pattern is completely different from what people often say, so this is not this sentence.

Wen Yan: This phenomenon is particularly common, especially for those who do comparative literature, for example, "a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlet", you ask the British, and even ask Britain to study Shakespeare Experts, he will tell you that this sentence is correct, but they have never heard of it. There is a professor studying Calvino in Italy. He asked me that Calvino told a story of Zhuangzi in the "Memorandum of the Future Millennium in the Future Millennium". Can you help me check the source? This story says that the king asked Zhuangzi to draw a crab. Zhuangzi said that it would take at least five years to draw well, and it took a lot of moisturizing fees. The king was waiting for him for five years, and when he arrived at him, he found that he didn't write at all and did nothing. Zhuangzi said that crabs are too difficult to paint. It takes five years if you want to paint well. As a result, the king asked him how did you draw after ten years? Zhuangzi waved a big pen, and the crabs were painted in a moment, vivid, and the king was amazing. The professor said that this is the story of your Zhuangzi. I said when Zhuangzi had painted crabs? However, all foreigners who have read the book of Karvino think it is Zhuangzi's story. This is not the same as the allusions of Balzak to the cafe and Hamlet.

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Chen Luyu: But this sentence is particularly in line with the model of the sentence. It seems that there are often golden sentences that often appear in the world. Lu Xun and Wilde are just listed. Wen Yan: In fact, in the process of culture, this phenomenon will often occur when you have me and me in me. But in this way, if we keep it and return it to the people in that context, such as returning Balzac and cafe to the French people, maybe the French will write the Balzac biography in the future It will put this sentence in -the history of literature is like snowballs, and new content is constantly incorporated.

Chen Luyu: When it comes to the history of coffee and literature, I have read an article that talking about the changes in British literature is particularly interesting. The article says that in the 17th century literary works, a scene is also described. The French can be written in one page of paper. The British may use three pages of paper. Because the British are more lonely, he will mumble more time with more time. The language, as a long inner monologue, so such a monologue in literary works will be continuously enlarged. However, after the popularity of cafes, this public space allows people to have more communication and interaction between people. The written long sentences gradually transition into spoken short sentences, and the length is greatly shortened. The writing habits of the British also changed. I think it is particularly interesting.

Wen Yan: Indeed, the environment and climate have a great impact on a national character. I used to study and work in Italy. The Mediterranean sun was very sufficient and very warm, so the Italians said and laughed on the square all day long. However, after Britain, I found that people were polite and kept a certain distance. People just met and chatted. No wonder some people say that the emergence of the cafe has changed British literature: because the writer began to communicate with each other, and literature began to reflect the communication between people, rather than unilateral thinking and output. There are also fewer phenomena.

Chen Luyu: Cafe not only creates writers and changes literature, but also played a vital role in the development of the journalism. I am learning news and pay particular attention to this. For a long time in history, European journalists have obtained a variety of information in the cafe.

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Wen Yan: In Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, many newspapers were opened in the cafe. The editors were working, written, publishing, and appointments in the cafe. So many European cafes still maintain a tradition: if you want to write, ink, and paper in the cafe, they will provide them without compensation.

Chen Luyu: The cultural function of the cafe is inherent, and it is becoming more and more clear, and more and more detailed. For example, in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, the cafe has become a social platform for cultural people and artists. A Woody Allen's movie "Midnight Paris" more than ten years ago reflected the social scene of that era. You will always see Picasso, Fitzgerad, in any famous cafe, and see Matisse and Dali.

Wen Yan: Cafe is also a place where people are gathered. Even in some large cafes, there are clear regional divisions. For example, left -wing people are in this corner, and the right wing is in that corner. In that corner of traditional art, you talk about you, I talk about me.但这只是临时的安排，并不固定，有的时候也可以流动，比如萨特和波伏瓦，他们原来常去巴黎的双偶咖啡馆，因为搞文学的人常在那里云集，但人聚It is inevitable, so the two went to the flower god cafe across the road. I personally think that the double coffee shop is more particular and more beautiful than the Huashen cafe, so those who engage in literature and art are willing to go, but Bolka and Sartre think they are too noisy, and they value the significance of their existence more. Essence

Chen Luyu: If you want to understand a coffee shop during a period, it depends on the books of different people at that time about cafes, confirming from different angles, and finding an intersection. I recently saw the muse of the French artist in the 1920s -a book of a underlying girl Jiji. She said: "I wandered from a cafe to another." Her book was called "Love is like this" -hamming in 1929 wrote a preface to her. The book wrote the owner of the most famous dome cafe at the time. This person was too funny. The dome cafe was a holy place for poor writers and artists at that time. Sometimes they steal the restaurant's paper towels, knives and forks, or secretly stinging some bread, and the boss also closed at a glance. The most amazing thing is that one time Modiliani sold hundreds of francs. He was very happy, invited friends to dinner, and invited this boss. When the boss arrived in his house, he found that all tableware was his own cafe. The boss stood up and left, but after a while, he came back. He said, "I look at your tableware is all of me. Only the lack of wine, I went to get two bottles."

Wen Yan: In fact, even when Heming Aviga arrived in Paris, it was poor. At that time, these cafes in Paris were on the left bank of the Seine River. The right bank was all rich or expensive. Reject. Those artists and writers who have ideals and pursuit can find a sense of belonging here. It is said that Hemingway's "The Sun Rising" is written in the Dingxiang Garden Cafe here, which takes only two weeks. In addition to the cafe, there is also a famous Shakespeare bookstore, the owner Silvia Bicch, helping many poor young writers. Chen Luyu: At that time, there were two women in the literary circles in Paris, and they helped many people behind the scenes. Biqi was the nanny of these writers, and Statin was the godmother of these young literary and artistic youths. Speaking of Shakespeare Bookstores, it is more like the home of these literary youth -not just a spiritual home, some writers who live in unparalleled house will treat here as a place of receiving emails. Joyce's "Ulysses" is also Published here.

Wen Yan: This is where the cafe culture is different from the earlier salon culture. Citizen culture replaces the elite culture, and it can be spent one day, so this place is all cultural people, especially the economy, the economy Cultural people who are in trouble and embarrassment are willing to come.

Chen Luyu: You should talk about in the 1920s. We see that in China in the same period, Mr. Lu Xun was also drinking coffee. At that time, there were many cafes in Shanghai.

Wen Yan: Writers often mentioned coffee and cafes during the "May 4th" period. At that time, the culture of Shanghai was synchronized with the world.

Chen Luyu: It is said that the left -wing writers in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1930s were the most commonly went to the cordon cafes, including Lu Xun, Ding Ling, Xia Yan, Tian Han, and even the first preparatory meeting of the Zuo Lian was opened there.

Wen Yan: It seems that the cordon cafe has been rebuilt again in recent years. Lu Xun did not drink coffee. In the article, he stated that he did not drink coffee and actually involved a public case because someone wrote an article and advertised by Lu Xun. At that time, there was a Shanghai coffee on Xiafei Road. When it opened, someone wrote an article saying that in this cafe, you can see Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Pan Hannian, Ye Lingfeng and other literary coffees. They can listen to them to talk about the revolution. Lu Xun saw this article. Very angry, I wrote a miscellaneous article "Revolutionary Coffee Shop" to "rumor". Lu Xun said, how can there be revolutionary writers? The revolution is to fall off the head, and the real knife and the gun are dry. Those who are in the guise of revolutionary literature are attached to you. This is something that adults drink, don't like it, or green tea. Second, he wants to copy things like novels, and have no time to enjoy this blessing. Third, he said that he did not dare to go in such an entertainment place, because revolutionary writers must have those young and beautiful white lips, just like Ye Lingfeng. People who are full of yellow teeth are about to talk about it, wouldn't they blame the proletarian literature? Of course, this is Lu Xun's humor and sharpness. Fourth, even if he is going to go, he is afraid that he can't go. At most, he can only be in the back door of the store far away, sniffing the smell of coffee residue. Lu Xun said that he did not drink coffee, but just expressed his attitude. In fact, Lu Xun should drink coffee or drink, and he talked with the people from Zuo Lian, in the cafe, where he was his second living room, but he did not do not, but he didn’t do n’t. He would go to the cafe in Xiafei Road in the French Concession at the time. He was going to the male brown brown brillon on the north road of Sichuan. So in this way, coffee cannot be drunk, but it depends on whom.

Gongbiong cafe old shadow

Chen Luyu: I know the Great Wenhao related to the cafe and Pushkin. We heard a lot of stories about him when we were young.

Wen Yan: The story of Pushkin and the cafe is so famous that St. Petersburg still retains this famous literary cafe. When Pushkin died at the age of 38, he died with his duel with his son of the Dutch envoy in Russia. A handsome French handsome guy with a beard and a high -fledged man. On various occasions, he and Pushkin's beautiful wife made doubles. In the right, some people even sent a "green hat certificate" to Pushkin to humiliate him. He proposed a duel for his reputation and lover, pulling his friends as a notary, and finally he and the friend went to duel after drinking coffee in the literary cafe. As a result, everyone knew that he returned home after being hit, groaned overnight, and died.

Chen Luyu: After this incident, everyone usually accuses his wife, but later some biographies helped his wife speak, saying that this person is not as "very empty and very much worshiped" as mentioned in the previous text description. She actually gave it to her. Pushkin was very helpful, and Pushkin also paid her wholeheartedly. She did not surpass that rule, but young women can easily have vanity, but just that, she did not do anything beyond ethics. She as a woman who should not bear a lot of unjust injustices.

Wen Yan: After Pushkin died, his wife had always raised her children (including the child of the ex -wife of Pu Shijin) and never married again. Regarding Pushkin, many people have been to Moscow and found that there is also a Pushkin cafe in Moscow, but the Pushkin cafe has no direct relationship with Pushkin. The real Pushkin Literature Cafe is in St. Petersburg.

Chen Luyu: This cafe also has the position of Pushkin's sitting, as well as the menu he often eats. Wen Yan: And he looked at the wax figure outside the window. This is a legend of coffee and literature. In fact, many cafes have such stories. There are a lot of coffee in literary works. For example, China's first work about cafes was written by Tian Han.

Chen Luyu: Yes, he described the cordon cafe. He described the coffee shop in particular, and the text description was particularly detailed.

Wen Yan: It should be written in 1920, and Tian Han also wanted to open a cafe at that time.

Chen Luyu: Mr. Tian Han's drama "One Night of the Coffee Shop" created by the prototype in the early years, which can provide us with some imagination of male cordon. He said: "There are cabinets with drinks on the front, in the middle of the large mirror. There are counters in front, warm cans such as coffee, cow milk, etc. Oil paintings and advertising paintings on the wall. "This is now we can see a more real restoration of the scenes of Gongbiong cafe.

Wen Yan: It has been more than a hundred years, as if in front of him. "One Night of Coffee Shop" is a solo drama, which talks about the love tragedy of the coffee shop women's hospitality. After six years, Tian Han felt that the story seemed to have not finished writing, or there was no tragedy, so in 1926, when he accepted more left -wing and proletarian literature, he wrote another script "Go to the Folk" is also a feminine hospitality in a cafe, and resigned from work and returned to the countryside for rural construction. This is equivalent to installing a bright tail for the original tragedy, and it is more in line with the identity of his left -wing writer at the time.

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Chen Luyu: When you talk about Mr. Tian Han's work, I think of the origin of another Chinese contemporary writer and coffee, but it is not a description of text, but in some details of life. Mr. Wang Meng wrote a work called "Hard Porridge", which is an ironic novel about whether traditional breakfast should change. Later, when Mr. Wang Meng visited the United States, someone had applied the words of this novel to say that Mr. Wang Meng drank a bowl of gentle coffee after drinking coffee at Yale College.

Wen Yan: However, many Chinese writers have coffee complex. I used to work at the Confucius Institute of the University of Rome and received many celebrities in the literary and cultural circles in China. One of my retention programs was to lead them to drink coffee and show them the charm of coffee culture.

Chen Luyu: Which cafe would you go to?

Wen Yan: The oldest Greek cafes that have opened in Rome in 1760 should be one of Rome's earliest cafes. This is not a simple place to drink coffee. Its cultural heritage is too deep. As long as some celebrities who have patronized this cafe will make everyone respect. For example, the writer's Goethe, Andersen, Podlair, Byron, Iboson, Joyce, Mivos, Nietzsche, Schoprima, Shirley, Steasta, Turgenev, Mark Twain , Berliaz, Plames, Mendelson, Liszt, Rosini, Wagner in the musicians, Chelini, Gutu, Corro, Kiriko, etc. at home, almost 18, 19 The most famous cultural celebrities in the century, as long as they go to Rome, have hardly come to this cafe.

Chen Luyu: I know that some fans will take a trip in Rome according to the attractions in the movie "Roman Holiday". As for this cafe, if there are no people who know it, it is likely to ignore it.

Wen Yan: This cafe is on the most famous boutique shopping street in Rome. It gives people the first feeling of inconspicuous and low -key facade. Intersection Like those luxury goods on this street, it is expensive. A cup of 1 euro coffee in other places, sitting down here for 7 euros. If you let the waiter come over, you need to pay an extra tip.

Chen Luyu: This tells us that although it is important to drink, it is more important to feel the strong historical and cultural atmosphere.

Wen Yan: Yes, in fact, that place is very small, a very narrow place, the chair is also very old red velvet surface, but those portraits, books, shadows, signatures, photos or something on the wall can be stringed. Starts a history of European culture since the 18th century.

Chen Luyu: Therefore, in the background of different times, especially different cultural contexts, the atmosphere of cafes in different countries brings completely different atmospheres. Italy may be lively, crowded and pleasant. But Ib was born in Northern Europe. The cafe he went to that year, through some descriptions of text, will give us a sense of distance and solemnity. Every time he went there, he was always wearing black clothes. As soon as he entered, everyone would stand up and watched him sit down to sit down, and the feeling was particularly consistent with the cold atmosphere of Northern Europe.

Wen Yan: Yes, people who like to drink coffee in the sun in the Mediterranean are difficult to adapt to the atmosphere there -according to your words, it is a sense of uncomfortable distance. It seems that the cold air there can block people from people. Speaking.

Chen Luyu: But coffee brings more warmth and romance. It is said to be related to the cafe in Japan's commemoration of John Lennon. In 1978, Lennon and his wife Ono Yoko stayed in a cafe in Tokyo for three days and three nights. I found a variety of articles for this. I would like to know why they stayed for so long. Go again on the morning. The time they met were particularly interesting. It was the dissolution of the John Lennon band. After leaving Ono Yoko, he lived with a Chinese woman Pang Fengyi, and returned to Ono Yoko. I was particularly curious. They were in the cafe. What I talked about. Later, Ono Yoko recalled that I suddenly lost him, and when he came back, I recalled that they were beautiful. Wen Yan: I am also thinking, why can't it replace the location of the cafe elsewhere. For example, the tavern cannot have a romantic story like a cafe.

Chen Luyu: After drinking too much wine, some people will become more crazy and irrational, so I think it is difficult for the tavern to provide everyone with a sober and free atmosphere, especially the atmosphere that makes people think, communicate and read alone. Have you experienced a book for a period of time to read a book?

Wen Yan: Yes. In Italy, because the cafe there is more daily, more natural, and more grounded, I will sit on a thick book for an afternoon. Sometimes it is a book I work, such as a book preparation or a book to be translated. Sometimes it is a leisure book, and sometimes it is a book that is casually taken on the bookshelf of the cafe. Once, in the cafe in Rome, I really didn't read it, and I read the Italian version of "Little Prince", but this little prince who was accompanied by coffee read and spoke a bite of Italian. It was just like two people.

Chen Luyu: Reading in a cafe feels different. Before you came, I turned here to a book of a American writer Singh. He has been writing in Hebrew before adulthood, and later wrote in Sulu. The Chinese version of the book should be translated from English.

Wen Yan: There are not many translators in Yidi. Although we have opened 101 languages ​​in Beiwai, we have not yet said that it has not yet. Yidi Sulu is the language of German Jews, using Hebrew letter, but most of the vocabulary is the same as German.

Chen Luyu: I turned to this description of coffee at all. It was particularly interesting. You can read it.

Wen Yan: Banmen made ax, let me read it. "That summer night, we sat in the small garden cafe drinking coffee and ate blueberry cookies. The sunset was heavy, and the pale September moon was hanging above the iron roof. In the cafe, the weather is warm, the taste of the Praga forest is mixed in the air, as well as the freshly released Babca cake, and the taste of the feces. It was collected from the horse to the field from the horse. "

Chen Luyu: This atmosphere is flavorful, and there are particularly strong national colors. Papa cake is twisted into twist -like, which will be added with cinnamon powder or nuts. Essence

Wen Yan: Books and coffee are also golden partners. Of course, this combination does not have any exclusiveness.

Chen Luyu: I think the book is the most beautiful, the most beautiful decoration and the richest resource in the family.

Wen Yan: Sitting on the book city, using books as a wall, this is the ideal of our scholars. I ca n’t afford a book when I was a kid. So if there is a public space that allows us to drink coffee while drinking coffee, it will be very popular with scholars.

Chen Luyu: Now the cafe has become part of our lives. When I was young, my earliest understanding of the cafe comes from Qiong Yao's novels. At that time, some people said that her novels always described the third hall -living room, song and dance hall, cafe For children in middle schools, Qiong Yao's novels are the best channels for your contact with strange life, allowing you to spy you into an adult world full of fantasy. But now, the relationship between cafes and our lives is getting closer and closer. For example, when I went to Taipei, China a few years ago, a cafe is particularly famous in Taipei, called star cafes. Some of the writers and cultural people we are familiar with were regulars there. They were like work every day. For example, San Mao was waiting for her boyfriend every day, and Mr. Bai Xianyong wrote "Taipei" there. There is a fixed landscape at the door of this star cafe: there is a thin old man named Zhou Mengdie. He is a poet, pushing a bicycle to set up a stall there, selling his own collection of poems at the door of the cafe. Taiwan is very hot in summer, and he is often fainted. In addition, many young people with economic constraints will also order a cup of cheap coffee here. They do not eat other things. The owner of the coffee shop is very good. It allows them to bring things to eat and enjoy the air conditioner here. Later, the star cafes became the gathering point of many well -known painters, writers, and filmmakers in Taiwan, which has always exuded the breath of that era.

Wen Yan: I hope that more and more coffee shops will allow literary enthusiasts, writers, coffee people, and people who love life. How good should it be?

(The content of the talk is deleted)

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