Crossing for 5000 years, from a rice grain to touch the farming civilization in the middle of the Yangtze River

The Qujialing site found carbonized rice grains about 5,800 years ago. Changjiang.com reporter Lu Shiwen Photo

Yangtze River Network (Changjiang Daily reporter Yu Tantan, an apprenticeship reporter Bao Meng) Here is the blue, green, and clear water. For 5,000 years, people have lived, worked, reproduced, created, and lived in family. Continue.

The grass and trees are prosperous, the birds are fragrant, and the fields are the earliest rice.

Here, it is Qujialing, Jingmen City. It is located in a small basin surrounded by mountains in the central part of Hubei Province, the southern foot of Dahong Mountain, and the north end of the Jianghan Plain.

Visiting small members of the regiment are carefully observing the prehistoric rice relics. Changjiang.com reporter Lu Shiwen Photo

On the morning of July 25th, "Read the Yangtze River to understand China -Hubei Qianli Yangtze River Bank" in the "Yangtze River -Hubei Changjiang" composed of large and middle -aged students, parents, netizens, experts, scholars, and media journalists. Visit the Qujialing site with a history of 5,000 years, explore the treasures of prehistoric civilization, appreciate the lives of Qujialing's ancestors, and understand the long history and profoundness of Jingchu culture.

Visiting members of the Team Visit the Qujialing Site Museum Yangtze River Daily reporter Li Ziyun Photo

Wang Yu, a member of the Party Working Committee of the Qujialing Management District Management Committee, and the Minister of Publicity of the Commission of Publicity. Today 5900-4000. It is also the first place to discover the prehistoric rice relics in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It has been identified by Chinese and foreign archaeological experts as one of the birthplaces of farming civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and even Chinese farming culture. The Qujialing site was selected as the "China Centennial Top 100 Archaeological Discovery" and the first batch of 100 large sites protection projects in the country. In 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. It is the same as the extensive connotation of farming cultural culture and the undoubtedly archeological physical objects as the Wuhan Panlong City ruins. It has evidenced that the Yangtze River Basin is the same as the Chinese civilization as the Yellow River Basin. It is of great significance to study the origin and development of the primitive human settlement in my country, and it is of great significance to study the origin and development of Chinese civilization.

Visiting members of the Team Visit the Qujialing Site Museum Yangtze River Daily reporter Li Ziyun Photo

College student rising knowledge: Tai Chi map originally came from here!

For nearly 3 hours from Wuhan, the visiting group came to the Archaeological Site of the Qujialing National Archaeological Site. On the face, there is a "atypical" building that is difficult to distinguish but is like red earth pottery. This is the Qujialing Site Museum.

"Do you think this is a very strange building, and you can't see any specific shape, as if it grows from the soil. The original native, authentic, reflects the characteristics of the Tao system in the Qujialing Shinshi era. It is the mood pursued by this architectural design. "Wang Yu Ewan introduced it to everyone.

Visiting Regiment walked into the Qujialing National Archaeological Site Park Changjiang Daily reporter Li Ziyun Photo

The Qujialing site is a prehistoric cultural relic with black pottery. The unearthed cultural relics mainly include glittering black pottery, eggshell color pottery, color pottery spinning wheel, and jade artifact. Among them, eggshell color pottery, colorful pottery spinning wheels and pottery red pottery animals are only in the national original culture, and they are rare treasures of prehistoric culture.

Entering the unique museum, the pottery unearthed from the Qujialing site is particularly bright.

In front of a showcase, Guo Sizhen, a student of the visiting group members and the school of Journalism and Information Communication of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, was attracted by the patterns on the pottery in the showcase. "It seems that Tai Chi gossip map hey!" Guo Sizheng screamed surprisingly.

"Yes, you are right!" According to Luo Zujun, deputy director of the Management Committee of the Qujialing Management Committee explained by the museum, said, "In 2015, the Qujialing site began to conduct the fourth archeological excavation, successively A batch of vortex pattern pottery spinning wheels were unearthed. Among this vortex pattern pottery spinning wheel, a type of spinning wheel decoration is based on the center of the center, which is color symmetrical pattern, which is very similar to the Taiji yin and yang fish pattern of the later generations. Based on this, archaeologists speculate that it may be the prototype of the Taiji yin and yang fish map, so it is also very likely the origin of the Taiji map of China. Some archeologists are inferred by the development of Chu Cultural. Can be called the iconic symbol of the Yangtze River civilization. "

Experts are explaining Qujialing culture for the visiting group. Photo by Li Ziyun, a reporter from the Yangtze River Daily

"Taiji map, it turned out to be here! It's really raising knowledge!" After listening to Luo Zujun's introduction, Guo Sizheng couldn't help but amazed.

High -temperature glaze, express pottery technology, the thinnest pottery in the world ... The pottery unearthed in Qujialing shocked the archeological world. According to Luo Zujun, as the first ancient cultural site excavated in the Jianghan area after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the pottery unearthed in Qujialing not only represents the highest level of pottery production in the Neolithic era, but even if it is placed in modern times, it is also the level of craftsmanship. Called good. "The pottery produced by modern people's modern craftsmanship is not the case. It may not be able to surpass the level of Qujialing's culture." Luo Zujun sighed.

Children are surprised: the ancients here are modern!

People often use the words "Lan Road Blue" and "Ru Mao Drinking Blood" to describe the lives of the ancient ancestors. In the impression of modern people, the ancient ancestors did live a non -human life with unstoppable clothes and eating abdomen. There is no sense of happiness at all. Their life concept, lifestyle, and quality of life are related to our modern people. There is also a difference between Xiaoyi. "In fact, the lives of the ancestors are much better than what we think! Many of their life concepts and lifestyles are not inferior to our modern people. The quality of life was also under the conditions of the socioeconomic, science and technology at that time. Not bad, some aspects are quite modern. "During the visit, Luo Zujun's words surprised the members of the visiting group.

Visiting the small group members of the group carefully watched the cultural relics excavated by the Qujialing site. Photo by Li Ziyun, a reporter from the Yangtze River Daily

"Just take 'eat'. Five thousand years ago, our ancestors had eaten the rice we were still eating today. Through archeological excavations, we found that in addition to fruit and vegetables in the recipes of Qujialing's ancestors There are many meats such as chickens, ducks, fish, elk, etc., and the diet has the health concept of 'vegetarian and vegetarian matching'. They even started brewing. The appearance of wine indicates that the food at that time was rich, and the food was in the food. After solving food and clothing, it has been used to improve the quality of the ancestors. "

After many years of plant archeology of the Qujialing site of the Hubei Cultural Relics and Archeology Institute, the combined archeological team found that 541 grains that were about 5,800 years old were about 5,800 years. In addition, 33 carbonized millet grains that were 5,600-300 years ago were found. Plant archaeological workers were carried out carbon -in the 1914 to prove that this was the earliest rice grains and millet relics in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It can be seen that the agricultural structure of the ancestors of Qujialing at that time was mainly rice, supplemented by millet, and south. The rice and the north of the north have good growth, which provides a rich source of food for the ancestors of Qujialing.

In the museum showcase, a pair of pottery bowls that caused Ma Xingjian, Zhang Yimu, Jin Tianze, Wang Xizhen and other visitors were curious. "What bowl is this?" "Why is it buckled together?" What is it installed inside? "They asked one after another.

"This, we call it‘ buckle bowl ’.” Luo Zujun replied. "In order to prevent bugs from biting food, the ancestors buckled the bowls together so that the worms could not climb in.

On the second floor of the museum, in the form of sculpture, the scene of the life, labor, leisure and entertainment of the ancestors of Qujialing: there are diets, skewers, textiles, fish catching, dog walking, fighting, fighting, fighting Chess ... "At that time, they had used silk fabrics, which was very luxurious at that time." Before the sculpture of a women's spinning wheel, Luo Zujun's explanation surprised the children of the visiting group.

The large number of production tools and japonica rice shells retained in the site show that the socio -economic economy of Qujialing is mainly agricultural, and also operates raising, fishing, hunting, textiles, etc. The agricultural and handicraft industry has divided labor, and the pottery industry is quite developed.

Visiting Regiment walked into the Qujialing National Archaeological Site Park Changjiang Daily reporter Li Ziyun Photo

Archaeological experts lament: Qujialing culture is the source of the development of Jingchu civilization

Leave the museum and visit the delegation to the excavation area labeled ‘F38” in the site park. "This excavation area began to be excavated in the second half of last year and belongs to the middle and late stages of Qujialing culture. In the excavation area, we found that there are three areas of different functions from north to south. The foundation of 4 large rooms, such large -scale foundations were rarely found in Hubei before. And unlike traditional foundations, the foundation of these houses did not use traditional houses such as foundation grooves and pillars. The method of roasting wall reinforcement and filling pillars, so we speculate that this may be a hanging foot. Here, we also found a building material that mixes straw and soil. The built house will be quite firm. "The excavation site, Zhou Guoping, researcher at Hubei Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute, who has been participating in the" F38 "archeological excavation work.

According to Zhou Guoping, Qujialing Culture is the New Stone Age archaeological culture that was first discovered and officially named in the middle of the Yangtze River. It is also the most prosperous and powerful Neolithic era culture in the middle of the Yangtze River. It takes a large number of ring settings and prehistoric urban sites, developed rice agriculture, advanced pottery industry, and fine textile industry as its outstanding features. The large number of production tools and japonica rice shells retained in the site show that the socio -economic economy of Qujialing is mainly agricultural, and also operates raising, fishing, hunting, textiles, etc. The agricultural and handicraft industry has divided labor, and the pottery industry is quite developed. It can be said that Qujialing culture is the basis of the development of Chu culture and the source of the high development of Jingchu civilization.

[Trainee Editor: Lai Jun]

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