Shi Chao column "Talking about Dogs -Hound Image in Chinese Cultural Relics" Previous

Talk about the Dog

Hound image in Chinese cultural relics

First part

Tattoos and theme columns in ancient arts and crafts

Zhejiang Museum Shi Chao

1. Fine dogs in nature

Chinese fine dogs (referred to as fine dogs) are Chinese native hunting dogs, which are mainly divided into two types: Shandong and Shaanxi. Now they have differentiated: Shandong, Shaanxi, Hebei, and Mongolia. Shandong fine dogs are distributed in various counties in Liaocheng, Shandong (Liangshan County (Changmao Products Department), Jining (Changmao Products), and Jining (Short Mao Products) in Shandong.

"The head is like a shuttle, the waist is like a bow, the tail is like an arrow, and the four hoofs are a plate of garlic." It is the standard evaluation criteria for a well -traditionally of the fine dogs in China. The fine dog is a very good hound, and the running speed is very fast. It is not exaggerated to say that it runs like Li Xian arrows. Its slender body, a very flexible back, and a streamlined overall structure make it make it make it make it. There were more than the blade when running. It is said that its running speed can reach 60 kilometers per hour. Cheetah can reach more than 100 kilometers per hour when hunting the prey, and it is still an instant speed, because it cannot run at this speed for a long time, and the fine dog runs much longer than this speed than the cheetah. It can be seen that the fine dog is quite powerful when hunting the prey.

Chinese fine dogs are thin, drooping, and dull ears. The head is long and narrow, and it is tapered. The neck is slender and the muscles are beautiful and flexible and slightly bowed to the shoulders. The hind limbs are long, muscular and powerful, wide and naturally landing; the toes are rabbit -toes, strong toes, hard and compact, with hair between the toes, the hoof petals are tight and hard, and the foot pads are thick. Absolute loyalty to the owner, good home performance, hostile to strangers, and not easy to get closer. Strong memory, sensitive sense of smell, desire, high desire, high endurance, good endurance. It is more suitable for hunting in the plain. It can also be used as a guard dog.

Shaanxi fine dogs are the fastest running players in hunting dogs in our country, and they have strong fighting and hunting. They have a flexible response ability and observation ability. Every household raised several fine dogs in Shaanxi to maintain their livelihoods. Taking the pheasant and hare is their masterpiece.

Hunting is an important way for human beings to obtain food in the primitive society. With the development of settlement and agriculture, it gradually becomes a way for a few people to get meat or entertainment. In the Han Dynasty, Tian Hunting and Weightlifting, President (Wrestling), Archery, Cuju, Pushing Pot, Fighting, etc., became one of the forms of sports that people liked to see. According to the "Historical Records", the nobles of the Han Dynasty often "decorated with crown swords, rides by car, shot fishing and hunting, committed in the morning night, frost and snow, and did not avoid the harm of beasts." The ancients Tian Hunting with fine dogs was reflected in the "Warring States Policy". "Qin Ce" said: "With the courage of Qin, there are many cars, so as to be princes. For example "Han Lu" here is a fine dog from South Korea (now in Hancheng, Shaanxi). "Said the text" said: "Poultry walking, who knows the traces, and the dog also." "Historical Records of Lisi Biography" records the scene of "Logging Dogs, all out of Cai Dongmen, and cunning rabbit" Essence

Su Shi said in "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting": "The old man chats with youth madness, left the yellow, and the right Qingcang", a hunting situation jumps on the paper. The "yellow" in Su Shi's poems was a popular dog that was popular at the time. It was used with Cang (Falcon). Now the Middle East country hunting rabbit also likes the ground (dog eagle) combination. Song He said: "Hu Eagle Dogs, Bai Yu picking the bow, cunning acupoint Russian cave. You hurried!" It can be seen that the hunter is an indispensable helper for hunters.

Second, Erlangshen's Xiaotian dog

If it comes to the most famous pink dogs in China, it is probably the Erlang God's Xiaotian Dog. In the sixth round of "Journey to the West", Sun Wukong was besieged by the "Seven Sacred". Taishang Laojun threw down the diamond bracelet from the sky, and Wukong was unstable. He was caught up by the "fine dog" of Erlang God. "It was a drop again", and then he was captured.

What does Xiaotian dog look like? "Journey to the West" wrote like this: "White Ma Ye took the gods, and the white dogs followed closely.

Southern Song Dynasty "Sou Shan Map" Palace Museum Tibetan

The volume of "Search Mountains" shows the story of the folk legendary Erlang Shen Sou Mountain, so it is also called "Erlang Shen Sou Mountain Map". The story of Erlang God is widely circulated in the folk, and it is also reflected in many literary works. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a mixed drama of "Erlang God Drunk Shooting Mirror", which described the story of Erlang God and Nine Niu Devil, Nezha and Golden Eyes, and finally took the story of the Erdong Demon. According to records, the "Ghost God Search Mountains", which was first painted by the Northern Song Dynasty painter Gao Yi, was valued by the emperor. In the future, the Ming and Qing dynasties have continued to appear. This volume of "Search Mountains" is the handwriting of the late Southern Song or early Yuan Dynasty. The characters use the brushwork, the clothing pattern is described by the iron line, which is strong and powerful, and the image portrayal is vivid and vivid. The forest and trees are in the style of Liu Songnian, the style of the Southern Song Dynasty. Compared with the various different books of the same subject, this volume is a remnant, which lacks the main god, namely Erlang God, but its painting skills are higher than other books.

The fine dog in "Erlang Search Mountain"

Ming Dingye's "Guankou Search Mountain Map" Princeton University Art Museum

The long roll depicts the scene of Erlang's god led the gods, caught the scene of the monster and monsters in the mountains. Ding Yefu is active in Yuan Huizong to the end of the end, and at the end of the Ming and early Ming Dynasty, the mixed drama, Sanqu family, and painter. The western regions returned to the people, and the small scenery of Shan Danqing was poetic. Painting landscapes, learning horses, Xia Yan, and brushwork. "New Journey to the West" Erlang God and Xiaotian Dog

3. Image of fine dogs during the Han and Tang Dynasties

Wei Jin Gate Dog Painting Brick Jiayuguan City New Town, Wei Jin No. 5 Tomb

Han portrait stone "Hunting Picture" unearthed in Yingzhuang, Nanyang City, Henan Province

The image of the fine dog in the portrait stone

Hound image in Han portrait stone

The Dog Trainer on the portrait of the Han portrait is unearthed from the tomb of Deng County, Henan, Henan Province

The Taoxu Dog of the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Tao Dog of the Northern and South Dynasties

The pottery dog ​​of the Sui Dynasty

The Tao Xixi unearthed in the tomb of Emperor Sui Yang

The Tang Dynasty Yellow -glazed Pottery Dogs unearthed from the Tang Tomb of the West Industry District in the Tang Tomb of the Tang Dynasty in 1972

Tang Sancai Dog

The hunting figurines of the Tang Dynasty, the fine dog squatted on the horse back

The hunting figurines of the Tang Dynasty, the thin dog was lying on the chest

The hunting figurines of the Tang Dynasty, the thin dog was lying on the chest

Tang Rui Zong Jingyun first year (710) The waiter and dogs in Xueyang Xue's tomb murals

The restoration of the waiter in the murals of Xue's tomb

Tang Zhongzong Shenlong Two years, Prince Prince Li Chongrun's tomb murals in the mural

Li Chongrun tomb mural restoration picture

Fourth, the image of the fine dog during the Jinyuan period of Liao and Song dynasties

The Khitan and Women's nomads themselves are nomadic peoples. Hunting is one of its economic activities. From the murals of Lama Liaoling Tomb and Cullen Banner, the Music Tomb of the 6 Liaoning Tomb mural of Aohan Banner, Aohan Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Hounds help the owner chase the prey.

Macau Macao of Aohan Banner, Aohan Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia

Culberg Village No. 6 Liao Tomb Village Machining (Line Picture)

The large dogs in the mural tomb are long legs, thin waist, high legs and thick legs. It appears as a portrayal of the real hunting scene. This dog is a Mongolian dog, also known as the Khitan fine dog, "thin" refers to its thin waist, thin legs, thin necks, and sharp mouth. We can get a glimpse of this dog from the murals of Liaoning Tomb, Cullen Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. "Khitan National Chronicles" contains: Khitan "takes fine dogs in the river (that is, Mongolia)," this dog is tall and strong, fast, flexible and agile, strong fighting ability, is the helping assistant of the Khitan and female real people who go out to hunt for hunting. , Received the love of the Khitan and the true royal family. The Khitan people have deep feelings for hunting dogs and regard them as their loyal partners. In the Liaodu Tomb and Liaoxing Zongling, stone carvings and woodcarvings have been unearthed.

The Song Dynasty was an era in which the people raised dogs in our history, especially in the village almost family raising dogs. According to the "Song History of Xiaoyi": "Jiangzhou Dean Chen, the family thirteen cohabitation. There are seven hundred long and young, no animal servants, close to bottom, and there are no words. There are more than a hundred dogs. There are more than a hundred dogs. Eating a groove, one dog is not available, and the group does not eat. "The Southern Song general Zhao Wannian also stated in the" Xiangyang Shoucheng Record ":" The dogs raised by each family are hundreds of groups outside the city. Every night, when the troops attack the robbery camp, the group dogs are barking. "

Northern Song "Eagle Dog Map" (from the Chinese Treasure Museum)

The eyes of the yellow dog are not willing to live below

Vivid

Imitation of Song Huizong "Eagle Dog Map"

The Northern Song Dynasty Li Gonglin's "Xiyue Steward Lingling Volume" (partial) The Palace Museum Tibetan

The fine dog in "Xiyue Steward"

The image of the fine dog in the hand scroll of Li Gonglin, Li Gonglin of the Northern Song Dynasty

Southern Song Dynasty "Hunting Picture" Cleveland Art Museum Collection

Tender

Dog in "Hunting Picture"

The fine dog hunting in Chen Juzhong, Chen Juzhong in the Southern Song Dynasty

The fine dogs in "Hunting Figure Volume" wait to feed the image

Liao Dynasty Hu Yan's "Hunting Picture" Taipei Palace Museum Collection

The color is elegant, painted with a loess, and the scenery of the plugs with sparse grass. Three rider, each holding a hound with a long mouth, a wide chest and waist. The horse painted, the ears are scratched, the nostrils are wide, the horse's legs are burned with mark, the saddle is extremely exquisite, and the paintings are detailed and vivid. The author was passed on to Hu Yan, the Khitan, and was known between the ninth and tenth centuries. It was known for depicting the scenery of the outside world and the people and horses.

The hunter's embrace of a thin dog on the horse's back, similar to the pottery figurines in the Tang Dynasty

The fine dog is lying on the horse's back, which is exactly the same as the pottery figurines in the Tang Dynasty

Southern Song Li Di "Hound"

"Hound Map" is now hidden in the Palace Museum and was written by the painter of the Southern Song Dynasty. The upper right of the picture has the name "Qingyuan Ding Ye Li Di Painting" in the upper right. The collector Geng Zhaozhong learned the collection and seals, and there was a record of Geng Zhaozhong. There is no background in the "Hound" picture. There is only a hunting dog forward. The tail of the dog's head is low, and the collar is wearing a collar without rope, indicating that it is very spiritual. This dog is vivid, accurate, and depicts fines, and the furry fine hair and claws are clearly visible. The color depth is soft and soft, and the overall shape is triangular, which makes the entire painting rigidity and softness, showing the author's deep realistic skills and skillful expression skills.

The fine dog mother and child in Song painting

Song Anonym's "Liu Yin White Dog" American Cleveland Art Museum Collection

The picture of the white dog is squatting under the willow, the Liu and bamboo use the leaf method, the stone and the double hook leaves are painted with green and green, the white fine dog is accurate.

Jinshan Su Ran's "Zhaojun Out of the Tap" (partial) The Collection of Municipal Art Museum in Osaka, Japan

Yuan Annal "Hunting Picture"

Yuan Anya's "Hanyuan Hunting Riding Axis" in the Taipei Palace Museum hid the grassland on the grassland and hunted, and the beast fled. The style of painting is similar to the horses of the people in the Ming Painting Academy. On the screen, many wild animals fled around, and one person under the slope stopped to wait and see, while the two riders chased a deer on the flatness of the slope, and the scene was very thrilling. A fine dog in the lower left is chasing the hare.

Fine dog chase wild rabbits

Yuan Liu Guandao "Yuan Shizu's Hunter Hunter" Taipei Palace Museum Collection

This painted desert area has a yellow sand slope and a monotonous scenery. In the distant distant area of ​​the dunes, there are a series of camels. People nearly ride a number of people, or Zhang Gong shoots geese; or the handheet Falcon; or the rope carrying the cheetah is hunting immediately. Among them, riding a dark horse and wearing Bai Qiu should be the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, and the women who are along along with the ancestors seem to be an emperor. Liu Guandao fully exerted the power of the lines. Whether it is the strength and softness of the lines, or the delay of the strokes, they are all wonderful. Liu Guandao's birth and death year unknown, the word Zhongxian, Zhongshan (now Dingzhou). Yuan Dynasty painter. He was appreciated because of the painting "Yu Zongxiang", and he had to make up for the Yuyu Bureau. Good paintings, characters, landscapes, flowers and bamboo, birds and beasts.

The fine dog in "Yuan Shizu Hunter"

Yuan Wangmeng's "General Chu Out of the Hunting Picture" part of the part

The image of the fine dog in "General Chu out of the hunting picture"

Yuan (Ming) Zhao Yong's "Horse Riding and Hunting Picture" in the Cleveland Art Museum Collection

The scene of the picture and painting rider hunting in the autumn suburbs puts the character activities in the landscape. The main character is higher than that of the general follower, and it is the style of the handed down music. Zhao Yong, the department, should be named by the name of the Ming Dynasty.

Yuan (Ming) Zhu Yu Tai Pingfeng will map the Chicago Art Museum Collection

This volume of pedestrians, hawkers, workers, folk artists, etc. on the streets also records various daily life supplies, marketing transactions, and folk activities. The scroll depicts about 470, three -headed cattle, ten horses, 45 horses, nine sheep, ten pigs, seven dogs, macaques, goose and so on. From the perspective of pens and colors, it was made by the painter of the early Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yu (1293-1365) The character Junbi, one works on the wall, from Kunshan (now Kunshan, Jiangsu). Hi painting, Wen Jia's landscapes are everywhere.

(To be continued)

Shi Chao, a native of Siyang, Jiangsu. The associate research librarian of the Zhejiang Provincial Museum has been engaged in the research and exhibition of ancient Chinese arts and crafts in the past seventeen years. The editor -in -chief of "Mastel Gold One Zhejiang Unearthed Gold and Silver Ware", "Silver Silver Clothing One Zhejiang Dai Costume" and other books, published "Preliminary Research on Wuyue Guosheng Gold and Silver Ware", "Overview of Zhejiang Unearthed" "Tibetan Eagle lacquerware", "Ancient Chinese Step lacquerware", "Looking at Yang Zongyu's Piano Scholarship Thoughts from the Qinxue", "Use Modern Technology Means to Research Tangqin's Craft Crafts", "Interpretation of the Instead of the Instead of the Instead of the Qin Qin Qin" There are more than ten research papers such as silverware, lacquer wares, and Guqin.

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This article has been released by the author's authorization of music arts

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