[History and Culture] A half part of the Shu Dao Shi Su Shun Cheng

The history of Shu Tao, half of the Chaotian Pass

Su Shuncheng

Chaotianguan has a history of more than 1,200 years. It is also known as the "Shu Dao Four Concerns" with Jianmen Pass, Qipanguan, and Tianxiong Pass. One of the Guanyu is known as "Shumen Tian Street", and has the saying "the danger of Shu Road, headed by the sky".

In the long river of history, Chaotian Guanxiong is located in the southern foot of Qinling, the Sichuan -Shaanxi binding department, the upper reaches of the Jialing River, and the ancient road of Taurus. The collision and integration of the nation, the rise and fall of the dynasty, the progress of society and the repeat of society, the suffering and joy of the people. It is an important accumulation of an excellent historical and cultural in ancient my country, and it has become a beautiful landscape in the Shu Road with its unique style.

Chaotian Guan Guanlou (Huang Yingtai painted)

Where is the Yoyo Insurance Guan?

Chaotian Pass in the Xiaomo Mountain (now Zengjiashan) in Guangyuan, Xiaoman Tianling (now Tianling) and Mingyuexia cliffs, 5 kilometers south of Chaotian City. When the Mingyue Gorge of the Jialing River on the Ridge Lingling was passed, the main roads of the north -south traffic were changed from Chaotianling to the Jialing Cloud stack set up along the river gorge. However, the Jialing Cloud Stack is often burned by war, and the traffic has been interrupted repeatedly. This ancient road on the Tianling has become an important channel to drive together with the Jialing Cloud stack.

Chaotian Pass site

"Xiao Man Tianling" a poem "Man Tianling Gift Monk", the earliest poet in the Tang Dynasty poet Yuan. Yan Gengwang's "The Tour of the Tang Dynasty" Volume 4 "Taurus Chengdu Post Road" quoted the Southern Song Fanzi "Dynasties County Chronicle": "Chaotianling is the sky village."

"Chaotian" a "Exit Shu Fu", the earliest appeared in the late Tang prose, Sun Yan: "Chaotian Shuangzhizhuo, miserable chestnuts and yin." "Chaotianling" first appeared in the Northern Song poet Song Qi "Chaotianling": "Tianling follows the road, the signs of the noodles are early. For Wang Sun. "And" Chaotianguan ", a" Title Yan Li Painting Water Officer "first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi:" The wind master black tiger sac, the face is dusty. "And the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi's" The Temple of Goddess ":" Is the gods fierce, the jade seat is quiet and idle.

Starting from the Northern Song Dynasty, the records of Fang Zhi literature on the place names of "Chaotianling" and "Chaotian Pass" have begun to increase. like:

(Song) "Under the Landscape of Lizhou" Volume 184: "Chao Tianling, Lu Ji insurance, and then this way, even if people are there."

(Song) "Fang Yu Shenglian" Volume 66 "Lizhou": "Chaotianling, in the north of the state, the path is dangerous. Then it is the old road of Tiancheng, and in Chaotianxia Pavilion. , Even if people are. "

"Biography of Yuan Shi Zhao Ge Pan": "Migrate to cut the Shu, cut the face of Tianguan, take the Jialing River to Lizhou."

(Ming) Jiajing's "Bao Ning Mansion" Volume II "Under the Earth, Mountains, Mountains, Guangyuan": Chaotianling, 60 miles in the county north, is the road of the Shuhan Han and the road of the sky, the mountains are Cui Yan, the path is absolutely necessary risk. Wen and Ke Shi: "Ling Ruo's painting screen follows the gorge, and the water is like a belt to turning rocky."

(Qing) The "Baoning Mountains" of Jiaqing's "The Unification of the Qing Dynasty": "Chaotianling, north of Guangyuan County." The Ji Ji Sheng ": 50 miles in the north of Lizhou, the path is dangerous, and then the Dai Tiancheng , Old Road is in the Pavilion of Chaotianxia, ​​followed by this way, pedestrians ... Chaotian Pass, in the Northern Dynasties of Guangyuan County. "

(Qing) Gu Zuyu's "Reading the Minutes of the History" Volume 68 "Sichuan Three": "Chaotianling, 60 miles north of the county. Cui Wei in the mountains, road insurance is absolutely absolute. At this point, all 440 miles, from the post and south, will reach the Chengdu from the Erchuan Prefecture of Baoning Prefecture. Guan, on the county's northern dynasty Tianling. "

Zang Lizhi et al. Edited the "Chinese Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names": "Chaotianling, 50 miles north in Guangyuan County, Sichuan. , I do n’t see the top of the mountain. The first road is slightly wider, and it is getting more and more 仄. The winding of the front line, the side is obliquely on the side. The cloud watch is high. There is a stone monument in the mountains.

The editor -in -chief of Shi Weile's "Chinese History Dictionary Dictionary" contains: "Chaotian Pass, Mingshi, belongs to Guangyuan County. The Yi Army was closed from the seven plates to Shu, and Hong Chengchou became a puppet.

In the end of the Tang Dynasty, Chaotian Guan was built at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In the evening of the Tang Dynasty, there was Man Tianzhai. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were posts, camps, and goddesses. Three years of Chunxi (1176) in the Southern Song Dynasty, closed the upper shop. In the three years of Yuan to Yuan (1337), Zuo Du Duan Duan Silver Silver Construction Chao Tianguan Building, Cannon Tower, and sentry tower. The first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1341) was completed, and it was the first Guanzuan Tower on the Taurus Road. The first -line ancient roads of Chaotianguan expanded 6 to 9 feet, the ancient village was expanded, and the defense camps were built. Prosperous scene. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was closed to build the Zongzhong Temple and Huang En Temple, and gradually formed a prosperous market that has a good north -south trip. Covering an area of ​​more than 5,000 square meters, it has "Beimen Tianjie". However, the star movement has moved, from the ancient roads of the Republic of China, the collapse of the Guanlou, coupled with the deep valleys, the traces of the people are scarce, but now they can be seen, but the nine -foot -wide Qingshi slab ancient post road, the remaining ancient temple, the old camp of the camp, and the site of the camp, and Star San's residual stele is broken wall. However, the "Xiongguan has the old traces, and the shape is better than the Zhuangshan River". Its historical value and cultural value are becoming more and more prominent.

Shuguan Ancient Road Yunfeng

Chaotianguan is the transportation hub and strategic place where the Taurus Road comes south to the north. It has always been a place where the soldiers must compete. (Qing) Wang Shizhen's "Qinshu Posts Postal Posts" described this: "Guanmen Xiongzhang, all sides of the mountains are on the bottom of the eyes. Passing the iron cannon on the left and right, there is a man of a man, and the power of Wanfu is not open." The battlefield is frequent in war, the heroes come out, and the life of Guanzhang is full of blood. In 1800, a generation of heroes fighting for tiger fighting, a heroic and tragic war drama.

Chaotian Guan Jinniu Road (Photo by Wang Xingrong)

In 316 BC, Qin Hui Wang Na Ma's strategy, ordered Zhang Yi, Sima Wusi, Duwei Mo Mo to lead the soldiers to attack Shu. Qin Jun set off from Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty, and went south to the south of Ji Dao and Taurus Road. Passing the sky, the iron rider of the Qin Army once passed the Qin Army. The King of Shu personally led his soldiers to reject the enemy. The two sides started a fierce battle in Zhaohua (ancient named Mo Meng) in the south of the city of Guangyuan City. In October, the Qin Army settled in Shu and set up Shu County. So far, it has experienced the death of the Kaishi dynasty of the 12th generation.

In the first month of 206 BC, Liu Bang was named the Han King by Xiang Yu, governing the three counties of Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong. Liu Bang burned the boardwalk on the way to the leading site, and confessed that there was no east expansion to Xiang Yu. In April, Liu Bang waved north, set off from Chengdu, walked along the Taurus Road to Tianling and Bid Penyi, and passed the Zengjiashan (ancient known as Kamamoto Mountain). He returned to Hanzhong in just one month. Through the plan of "Mingxiu's plank, secretly Chencang", he entered the customs smoothly and stood firmly. From then on, the prelude to pioneering the cause of the Great Han Dynasty.

In the twenty -three years of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (218), Liu Bei went north, and the water and land went to each other.

From 220 to 280, the heroes were disputed and the Three Kingdoms stood up. The Shu Han army came out of Qishan and cut the Central Plains. For the needs of the war, Zhuge Liang opened the Jianmen Pavilion, repairing the Mingyuexia boardwalk, and cultivating the Jinniu Road in Tianling. Between the Qi Peak Valley of Chaotianguan, the thin figure of the Shu Han Ying's Prime Minister Yu Fan Lun to the northern expedition was reflected.

In the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (964), Song Taizu sent the general Wang Quanbin to attack Shu. Wang Jun Yu Yangping Gatai attacked Chao Tianguan in two ways. Put the rocket crossbow. The Song Jun had not been able to have a few days, and then changed the attack as a sneak attack. Wang Quanbin led the five thousand elite soldiers to attack the Tianguan at night, and captured Liu Yanzhang after capturing the Shu Jianjian.

In the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1131), the Lizhou Road Scriptures made Liu Ziyu and his subordinates Wu Jie, Wu Hui, and Chaotian Town, Wang Jun, led the 5,000 soldiers to set up a five -thousand soldiers, and set up Fu Tan Polyguan. After the ambush ring, the rolling wooden and artillery bow crossbats were launched, and the Jin Army caught off guard. In less than half a day, the Jin Army killed more than 3,000 people and was captured more than 1,000 people. It lost more than 1,000 war horses.

Three years of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (1236), Zuo Xiao rides the army of the army stationed in the former Royal Army Cao Youwen in Mingyuexia and Chaotian Pass to fight the Mongolian Army into Shu. Sui Chang drive into Shu ("Song Shi · Cao Youwen Biography"). Song Lizong presented Cao Youwen as a bachelor of Longtu Pavilion, a doctor of the Grand -Middle School, and "Yijie", gave the temple to "loyalty", and worshiped in the Temple of the Temple of Chaotian.

In the tenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1637), Li Zicheng was divided into Sichuan from the south to Sichuan from Shaanxi Ningqiang soldiers to the south. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), Zhang Xianzhong went south of Shaanxi to attack Shu: Western Road passed Yangping Pass to the Western Han Dynasty to the south of the Western Han Dynasty, Li Zicheng defeated Chao Tianguan; East Road took the Jinniu Road to directly attack Chao Tianguan and Seven Pass. Army defeat. Zhang Xianzhong's army went south to fight with Li Zicheng in Baoning, Li Zicheng defeated again, and retreated to the mountains of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Hubei.

Yinglie in the past was buried here, and the loyal soul was around the Heavenly Pass.

Chaotian Pass down Chaotianyi (1955) Wu Yifeng painted Wanfang Fun Guan Guuan

Since ancient times, Chaotianguan Jinniu Road has been the main channel for land business logistics, and the business of businessmen gangs is endless.

During the Three Kingdoms, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang, was in the north of Cao Wei. Through the difficult Mingyue Gorge and Chaotianling, the general bestart cars cannot pass through. As a result, he designed the "wooden cattle flow horse" to transport military food to solve the problem. According to the "Three Kingdoms": "(Jianxing) nine years, Liang Rong returned to Qishan. The emergence of flowing horses ... "The appearance of" wooden cows flowing horse "is well reflected in the principle of" saving manpower "in modern logistics equipment design. It can be seen from this that military promotion effects on logistics equipment.

In the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong, the transportation was developed, and the trade was prosperous. Chaotian walnut was transported from Taurus to Changan. The Song Dynasty Li Liangchen depicted the business grand occasion at the time in "Dongyuan Ji": "Wanjing Cloud is wrong, the department store Sichuan Committee, the high -car Malaysia, and the uprightness of the upstream, the dangling of the flock, the wandering in the air; Painting, stringing night sounds, advocating excellent singing and dancing, Eli 媌 画 画, skirts are belonged to; strange objects are foreign, rose is staggered, and it is lined up. Drunk. "Mingyue Gorge, Chaotianguan, the post shop on the Taurus Road, and the businessmen gathered. The poetry of the Song Dynasty poetry "Baofeng Pavilion · Zhouhang Day" poem cloud: "Zhouhang Day is up and down, there are many idlers and horses.

During the Song Dynasty, Chaotian closed down, and the storage shops, inn, restaurants, teahouses, tiles, etc. were staggered, trade was prosperous, and commercially prosperous business, forming a commercial cargo distribution center of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gan. Chaotianyi "controlled Qin Shu and stiffened Bazhu", and became the material transfer hub of "four water and land".

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Sichuan -Shaanxi Post Road renovated many times, the road widen, and it is feasible to the two sedan and four horses. At the same time, the new roads such as the Mikukun Road can be opened to create conditions for the rapid transshipment of business. From Chengdu to Beijing Division, it only takes sixteen or seven days. The government's transportation, private business and private transportation, one after another, Taoist Sichuan and Shaanxi, Chaotianguanyi Road, a scene of prosperity. Qianlong's "Guangyuan County, Sichuan Baoning Prefecture" contains: "Commercial Jiajia gather, the goods are smooth, and the financial resources are wide." The local government also set up a level in Chaotian Pass to check the smuggling salt dealers.

In the peaceful period, the transactions of the Chaotian Pass were active and the market was prosperous, which promoted the development of regional economic development. From the historical level, Chaotianguan is both the focus of the war between the war and the leverage of the regional peace and stability.

Most of the ecstasy

Chaotianguan's historical and cultural accumulation is rich. Yuan Yuan, Gao Yan, Luo Yin in the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Su Shi, Wen Tong, Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty Wang Shizhen, Li Shiyuan, Peng Duanshu, Zhang Wen Tao and other literati. Immortal poem chapter.

Northern Song Dynasty writer Wen Tong "Crossing Chaotianling" poems: "Double walls are giving into a martial arts and deep wood, and the front apes and birds are difficult to find. , Water like a belt to turning rocky yin. What is going on in life, and leaning on the hook rail up to groan. "

The poetry of the Northern Song Dynasty poet Fan Zuyu "Passing the Tianling" poem: "On the night of the sky, he has a good look at the sky. Strong heart. It is difficult to travel on the world.

The poetry of the poet Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty "Chaotianling" poems: "The sunset is half a mountain, and the lobe is clear.

The poet of the Ming Dynasty poet Ren Jiadi, "Chaotianling because of the feeling of the teacher's life": "Chaotianling on the Tianling, how many Guanshan is self -made. Called Tianfu, Jiange Ling Qianba Yizhou. However, he recalled the Sixth out of the Han division.

The poet of the Ming Dynasty poet Huang Hui "Cao You Wen Temple" poems: "The dust of the ground is coming, the big banner is the wind and rain moves the river. Ge. Empty Jiang Xiaosa's hero tears, flowing into Yanshan resentment. "

Li Tiayuan's poem "Chaotian Guan", one of the "three talents in Shuzhong" in the Qing Dynasty: "Chaotian is in the sky, there is less pedestrian. The paddle is not shocked, playing this water is clear. Looking at the stones on your head, you still see the horizontal. The ice tooth decorated as the shore, and the spirit is uneven. For me, Xie Shanling, the abdomen is inferred. "

The scenery is beautiful. Chaotianling confronts Jintou Mountain (formerly known as Flame Mountain). Close is a steep cliff with a steep wall, and under the cliff is the splash of the Jialing River. In the area of ​​Guanxia, ​​whenever the sun is rising at the beginning of the sun, Wan Dao Xiaguang, Chan Ruo Wonderland, so the Ming and Qing Sichuan Baoning Mansion included "Chao Tianxia" as one of the "Guangyuan Twelve Scenery". There are more than 2,000 meters of Golden Bull Road in the front line of Chaotianguan, as well as dozens of sites, posts, observation platforms and other sites in dozens of Song and Yuan dynasties, as well as natural landscapes such as 10 % off rocks (now Nine Daojiu) and Huiyuan Stone. If you do n’t go out of the court, you can appreciate the spectacular scene of “it will be the top of the mountain, and the small mountains are small”, “leaning over the sunrise, and the world’ s common ”.

About the Author

Su Shuncheng, a pen name of Canghai, was born in 1967. He was born in Chaotian District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province.The first batch of cultural and historical experts in Guangyuan City.Former chairman of the Writers Association of the Chaotian District of Guangyuan City, Executive Deputy Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Chaotian District Committee of Guangyuan City, and executive deputy minister of the Communist Party of China Chaotian District Committee of Guangyuan City.Published a monograph "Poetic Mingyue Gorge", "Avenue Chaotian", "Fang Zhi Chaotian" and so on.Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Author: Su Shuncheng

Supply: Guangyuan City Local Chronicle Compilation Center

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