How does computing power turn into productivity?Academician He Heye interprets doubts

Cover news reporter Teng Yan

Computing power has become a new productive forces after thermal and electricity. According to the data released by the 2022 China Computing Power Conference, in 2021, the core industry of my country's computing power reached 1.5 trillion, and the scale of the affiliated industry exceeded 8 trillion.

Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Wu Hexuan (the organizer's picture)

On July 30, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Wu Hexuan, expressed his thinking about the "reduction of computing power thresholds" in an interview with the media after the meeting. Different electricity requires a threshold. We hope to reduce the threshold for computing power. "

When it comes to the localization of computing power infrastructure, Wu Heyi told the cover reporter, "Now the server is basically the main domestic, but the chips in the server may be more. Also cooperate with Huawei now. In addition, other chips, such as GPUs, are also doing, but they are all doing small companies. At present, there is no mainstream, so we should see that there is still a gap. "

"East Digital and West Calculation" is actually "East West Standing"

Wu Hexuan believes that the data is divided into cold data and hot data. "The heat data is mainly data that requires real -time calculations. In contrast Treatment of cold data, of course, there are some local data, and the east is mainly hot data. "

In February of this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Central Internet Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Energy Administration jointly issued a notice to agree to in Beijing, Tianjin, Hai, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu -Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu, Ningxia, Ningxia Wait 8 places to start the construction of the national computing power hub nodes, and plan 10 national data centers clusters. At this point, the overall layout design of the National Integrated Big Data Center system has been officially launched.

"90%of the data in human history has been generated in the past few years, and 50%of them have been generated in just two years, which means that the data of two years ago must be cold data, and many data generated within two years are also.冷的。预见到2025年的数据量年均增长30%。最近产生的数据是热数据，但是热数据经过一周或者几个月以后，也要变成冷数据。一般的统计，冷、温、 The hot data accounts for 80%, 15%, and 5%, which means that 'cold' is the main. Cold data is mainly stored. For cold data, calculations are not normal. To calculate this, the east and west are respectively Hot data and cold data, according to this, the "East Digital West calculation" is actually 'East West Standing ", mainly in the west, of course, there are some calculations occasionally."

"Hope to reduce the threshold of computing power"

"We hope that the computing power can be plugged and played, but in fact, the computing power is different from the power. Its use requires a threshold. We hope to reduce the threshold of the computing power." First of all, they must be fully data, and then modeling through data to summarize the mathematical model in order to calculate the decision -making of artificial intelligence based on data.

There are many population and complete industrial categories, which should generate more data. "But although we have generated a lot of data, the proportion that truly stores them is not high enough. Even if it is stored, the proportion of use is lower." He Hehe said that transforming computing power into productivity must first be fully from the source. The ability to give play to data, that is, needs to be used from perceived data and storing data. This includes encouraging enterprises to go to the cloud. As far as the digital transformation of enterprises is concerned, for most small and medium -sized enterprises, it is not necessary to buy the digital transformation. Equipment and software, "In fact, you can go to the cloud, and you must use cloud services to make more enterprises use it so that the computing power can have a better place for use."

At the same time, there is also an industrial foundation that supports the development of computing power, including data centers, chips, and data cleaning, labeling, and desensitization extended from the front end. In addition, in addition to the IT system, the data center also includes electricity and air -conditioning refrigeration. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of data centers is also worth research.

"Therefore, the" East Digital West Calculation "is proposed in China, using the more abundant energy sources in the west, cheaper electricity bills, and the possible use of renewable energy to better meet the needs of low -carbon. Therefore For quite long, there are many jobs to do. The data center is only a prominent central link in the computing power industry. "

How to take care of computing power improvement and energy conservation and emission reduction

Energy -saving and emission reduction is the topic that cannot be around in the process of computing power. At present, the energy consumption of the data center accounts for about 2%of the energy consumption of the whole society. However, in Xun He's view, "Although the proportion is not large, it is equivalent to a Three Gorges plus a Gezhouba, which means that the absolute value of energy consumption is still considerable. And still grow. "

Therefore, when building a data center, the ratio of PUE values, that is, the ratio of energy consumed by all energy consumption of data centers to the energy consumption of IT load consumption is an indicator for evaluating the energy efficiency of the data center. "Now I generally want to be 1.3, that is, the main energy consumption is still on IT. The refrigeration and air conditioning of the data center are as low as possible. Of course, the PUE value is low, and it still cannot be reacted because we want PUE to PUE The value of the value is best from 'green', so there is also an indicator called CUE (environmental efficiency), such as carbon emissions. Under conventional energy sources, Pue and CUE are equivalent. . "He Heye said. Wu Heyi also pointed out that "PUE and CUE are reduced, which does not mean that the energy consumption of IT does not need to be further reduced. IT's energy consumption has the energy consumption in the server, the energy consumption of the storage station, and the energy consumption of the network station on the Internet station Although the data center is working in 7 × 24 hours, it is not calculated in 7 × 24 hours. Many times do not calculate, but it also consumes energy. That is to say, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of calculation, but also reduce the energy consumption of storage. "

In this regard, Wu Hexuan suggested that you can use tape instead of disk for cold data to reduce a large amount of energy consumption. For hot data, you can use flash memory instead of the hard disk. a little."

In addition to reducing energy consumption, another direction of effort should be to reduce the heat dissipation of the data center. "Now it has been proposed to use liquid cooling and water cooling. Dig a cave and use the cave's piercing wind, etc. "He Heye said, but he also pointed out that although the energy consumption of the data center is worthy of attention, it should also be seen that the energy conservation effect provided by the data center is 20 times that of its own energy consumption.

The western region should seize the opportunity to provide data center value -added services

At present, many places are layout data centers. In the view of Wu Hezheng, the launch of the "East Digital West Calculation" project is the guidance of the macro level. "This is both the balance of computing power and the reasonable use of energy, and it also drives the coordinated development of the region."

Wu Heyi also pointed out that in a data center hub, the collaboration of various data centers is still not enough. Local governments should be uniformly coordinated, at least on public energy, electricity, water, etc. Large optimization is to cross the data center. "The data center needs to be backup, so between the main data center and the spare data center, the data will communicate and communicate. Here we need to work together Wait. We also need to plan and deploy cross -domain data centers at the national level. Of course, this requires a process. "

"Data centers are more important not to build, but in use." He He emphasized that it is worth noting that the data center is heavy assets, and the return after investment is relatively slow. Therefore, the future development direction should be providing value -added services, including providing data balance, security guarantee, service quality guarantee, and the western region to extend to the front end of the data. "At present, data cleaning, labeling, and pre -processing 70% It is still done by manual. The western region should seize this opportunity. Of course, the data center computer room is also an industry. There are servers. Installation and wiring require a large number of employees, as well as refrigeration, energy, electricity, security, these can also develop well. Those who have the conditions can also develop to the back end, the processing of algorithm computing power, etc. So I think the industrial chain of the data center has just begun. It is right to grasp the center link of the data center, but it must be extended to the entire industry chain. the value of."

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