Behind the interview with the online freight platform: Why do truck drivers earn less?

Vicious competition that has occurred

Make the owner of the owner formed a strong low -cost expectation

Even the truck drivers can establish a consensus against low -cost orders

Change is not a day's work

Use a 9.6 -meter -long van to transport an electronic product from 17 tons to 18 tons. The cargo is packed in a carton, with a volume of 45m³ to 55m³. From Huadu District, Guangzhou, unloading the goods from the south district of Qingdao City, taking the high speed, nearly 1,900 kilometers. After the truck driver Xiaoyu entered the freight information, the truck helped the cargo owner APP gave 7450 yuan/trip quotation.

What about cost? There are two large rigid expenditures in freight: roads and bridges and fuel fees. The high -speed traffic fee is about 4,000 yuan, a full -load cargo of 9.6 meters, 40 -liter diesel in 100 kilometers, and at a price of 8.48 yuan for one liter of diesel in Guangdong Province, the cost of fuel is more than 6,000 yuan. In other words, the rigid expenditure of this cargo exceeds 10,000 yuan.

"This is the reason why the cargo price is diving recently." The anger Xiao Yu will be published on the short video platform as the entire sending process of the owner. In the comment area, many messages call on "National suspension" and "defeat the gang".

Photo/Visual China

This is not the first time that the largest Internet long -distance freight platform has been siege for the first time. In November 2017, the full gang established after the merger of Yunmanman and the truck gang became the largest long -distance freight matching trading platform in China. Three months later, the full gang of the leader began to try to charge the service fee from the owner and the driver. As soon as the news came out, it immediately caused the driver's dissatisfaction. Since then, the driver has been brewing with the continuous decline of the fare price of Manban. After the outbreak, the truce of truck drivers became more difficult, and the contradiction between Internet freight platforms such as Manbang was increasingly acute.

At this time, the Ministry of Transport has a high proportion of the platform, the distribution mechanism is not open and transparent, the rules of valuation are adjusted at will, and the shipping price is low. In May 2021 and January 2022, two interviews with cross -city transportation twice The main gang of the main city, and the cargo Lala, Didi freight, and fast dogs driving in the same city. At that time, the four platforms stated that they would actively rectify the existing problems in accordance with the requirements of the interview. However, the driver's dissatisfaction with the platform broke out again in June this year, and the driver's number was called to suspend the transport to resist the platform and low -cost transportation.

On July 8th, the Ministry of Transport interviewed the issue of the legitimate rights and interests of truck drivers such as the price of prices, multiple charges, and illegal operations in the two years of the Ministry of Transport for the third time in two years. The interview requires the platform to improve the position and face the problem, and immediately rectify the competitive behavior of prices, strive to standardize the platform's charging behavior, resolutely eliminate hidden dangers such as overload and over -limit, illegal passenger, transportation illegal products, etc. The upper limit.

The controversial "platform reference price"

On July 22, Xiao Yu sent another video, showing that 5 tons to 6 tons of goods, with a cargo of 4.2 meters, the owner was bid for 400 yuan/trip, and the platform charged the technical service fee of 15 yuan. There is a driver guessed in the comment area that this is the offer of a 140 -kilometer cargo order. Xiao Yu replied: "260 kilometers, do you believe it?"

Wuhan driver Zhang Tao showed an order from China News Weekly showing that a goods sent from Wuhan West Lake to Ningbo Beilun. The estimated mileage 970 kilometers, 4.2 meters of refrigerated cars, loaded 3 to 4 tons of frozen products, freight freight, freight costs For 2200 yuan/trip, the technical service fee is 47 yuan.

"The platform is priced at the price of the cargo and the source of the electrical discussion. The platform is not priced." On July 21, Manpu responded to "China News Weekly" stated. The platform page shows that after the cargo owner fills out the order, there is a "I want to increase the price" logo in the upper right corner of the platform.

Taking the order of 7,450 yuan for Xiaoyu as an example, after filling in the bill, it has communicated with the platform customer service to modify the freight rate to 10,800 yuan. "The owner can choose to accept or not accept the price. The owner can also increase the price based on the price, and the platform has not limited the price of the owner." "Instructions" (hereinafter referred to as "Explanation") explained.

"The platform has given such a low price. If you are the owner, will you still take the initiative to increase the price after seeing this price? This is not in line with common sense." Zhang Tao did not accept the platform's explanation of "pricing power is in the cargo owner". It seems that the platform's reference price is "Reference", which is really a real market pricing.

How was the platform reference price set?

Take Xiaoyu's order as an example, the "Description" states: "Platform data shows that in the past month, the average transaction price of the conventional orders from the same vehicle from Huadu from Guangzhou to Qingdao City is about 7,300 yuan, and the platform provided by the platform provided by the platform Reference price 'similar'. "

"The reference price is calculated based on the transaction data similar to line vehicles in the past few months." Manchu staff told "China News Weekly": "But objectively speaking, the freight scene is very complicated, there are many non -standard factors, the market Supply and demand, delivery time, weight volume, fragmented, whether there are dangerous, dry or wet goods, do you want to load the goods, whether you want to pick up the car, how long it takes to unload the car will affect the final price. "

As the world's largest digital freight platform and the NYSE listed company, it has worked for more than 10 years in the field of cargo matching in the Chinese cargo market with a scale of more than 6 trillion. The full -scale prospectus shows that in 2020, more than 2.8 million truck drivers completed 71.7 million transportation orders at Manfu, with a total transaction of RMB 173.8 billion, and the number of drivers accounted for about 20 % of China's heavy weights and medium trucks. In December 2020, the full -helper's shipping person Moon Living (MAU) exceeded 1.3 million. According to the Mando Group's quarterly report, in the first quarter of 2022, Manfu completed 25.2 million orders, an increase of 13.6 % over 22.1 million copies in the same period in 2021. "Whether it is the owner or the cargo owner, it has already generated a large degree of dependence on the cargo matching platform." Zhou Xiao, a lecturer of the China Institute of Labor Relations in 2021, "digital platforms, industry reorganization and group livelihood -the road freight market Example of the change of the cargo matching mode "as an example." According to Zhou Xiao's survey in 2019, 66.9 % of the most important way to find the cargo is the cargo matching platform. "The business obtained by the truck driver passed through the platform accounted for the proportion of its total business volume. 71 % to 100 % accounted for the highest proportion, 38.2 %. Among the 100 logistics companies, there are only 9 companies that do not use the platform calling car. , 44 companies 'frequently use' platform calls. "Zhou Xiao wrote.

Studies have shown that the Chinese cargo matching platform emerged rapidly from 2013 to 2014, and the number was close to 300. Before that, the highway freight market appeared many cargo matching websites around 2010. Before these websites changed the dispersal of the freight market information through the Internet, drivers mainly obtained orders through the logistics agencies of parking lots and logistics parks. Zhou Xiao defines this dependent transaction matching of interpersonal relationships as "embedded matching". In contrast, the matching process of the cargo matching platform is called "bridge matching".

"In the embedded matching, truck drivers, intermediaries and cargo owners are bargaining interactive models, and the bidding situation rarely appears. Even if there is bidding, it is limited to a small range, so the price change is small. The bridge. The matching match is not the same. Although there are also the bargaining of the owner and the owner on the surface, in fact, it belongs to a model of bottoming bidding. "Zhou Xiao analyzed.

For the platform, the weight of the cargo owner and the driver is not the same, and occupying more sources is the key to obtain a higher market share. Zhou Xiao's analysis may explain the logic of the platform. "As the number of trucks gradually increases, the market is increasingly presenting a situation of more car cargo, and sufficient supply information has become the key to the success of the information department of the information department (logistics intermediary). It means that the establishment and maintenance of the owner's relationship is very important. "Today, the logistics intermediary information department is replaced by the network freight platform, and the logic is still established: in the buyer market that is greater than the demand, the platform will inevitably tend to the owner of the cargo.

Because the platform brings together a huge amount of truck drivers, every time the owner issues a cargo list, it will be seen by hundreds of, thousands of drivers, and the drivers swarm up, while the cargo owners have sufficient space to select the lowest bid with the lowest bid. driver. Many drivers report that after communicating with the driver, some drivers will reduce the freight rate after communicating with the driver. In the era of no car matching platform, due to limited capacity that the cargo owner can get, the driver has more room for bargaining.

The logistics agency once fiercely resisted the full -scale software revision in 2018. That revision attempt to quote the driver without understanding the details of the goods. On the basis of the quotation, the driver and the logistics merchant talked through the virtual number call, which means that this means The close contact between the logistics providers and the driver was forcibly cut off by the platform, and the logistics dealers who were taken away the pricing power and the living space were so resistant. However, "the greater the quality, the greater the gravity", just as the gravity law of the physical world, due to the strong attachment of the platform to the owner and driver, the past logistics agencies have now had to move to the line to become a chain dominated by the platform.

The low -cost dilemma of "one cause"

The China Highway Logistics freight price index shows that after reaching a historical high of about 120 points in the second half of 2016, the road logistics freight rates fell all the way. In February 2022, the China Highway Logistics freight index jointly investigated by the China Logistics and Purchase Federation and Lin'an Logistics Group was 98.3 points, a decrease of 2.19 % from the previous month, and a decrease of 0.9 % from the same period last year. Compared with high points, today's freight index has fallen by nearly 20 %.

On March 17, 2021, Bilibili UP Lord "Tomorrow Tianya Road 1" showed his income and cost records from January 1, 2018 to December 30, 2020. In three years, he worked for 708 days, with a operating rate of 64.6 %, and pulled 998 units, with an average of 1.4 orders per day. The total mileage is 192053 kilometers, and the average driving is 271 kilometers per day. The total freight was 387,563 yuan, with an average annual income of 129,187 yuan.

Take the freight from Dongguan to Zhongshan as an example. In 2018, the freight was 850 yuan, with a minimum of 350 yuan, an average of 480.4 yuan/car, while the shipping fee in 2020 was 660 yuan, the minimum was 300 yuan, an average of 381.6 yuan/car, a decrease of 20.5 % month -on -month, each year, each year, each year, each year, each year, each year, each year, each year Fall 6.83 %.

"I just want to ask those drivers who are still rushing to pull down the price, are they still taking more details, running more townships, provincial roads, national highways, and a little cheap oil. Study strong. Living in the car and eating in the car, just like this saving expenses, it is not to make more money, but to adapt to lower freight. You said, is this the sadness of our truck industry? "The truck driver Meng Hongfa The video questioned, "Remember, low -priced goods are sent on the platform, you do n’t pull, I do n’t pull, it will never go, the freight will definitely go up." Even if the truck drivers can establish a consensus against low -priced orders, changes are not a day. In reality, for various reasons, the consensus to resist low -cost transportation orders is extremely difficult to establish.

"I originally had 12 cars, because I didn't get on the loan, I had sold 10 cars in half, and the two remaining loans were still running." Zhang Tao said.

"The threshold for buying a car is too low." Zhang Tao told "China News Weekly" that when he bought a car, the 4S shop helped him directly handle the loan. After a set of buying procedures, it only took about 20,000 yuan in cash to buy a car. Essence "Various 0 down payment and interest -free scoring financial schemes have gradually reduced the barriers to entry in the freight industry. The requirements of driving licenses have also been further relaxed, which has made many fresh blood enter the freight market." Truck home analyzes.

The "little white driver" that needs to be borrowed to buy a car itself is carrying a heavy pressure of survival. After buying a car, the heavy loan repayment pressure is superimposed. In order to repay the loan as soon as possible, they can only use high -intensity labor in exchange for more for more. Cash is therefore more tolerated than other drivers to tolerate low -cost transportation orders.

In addition, China's industrial zone is mainly distributed in the economic and geographical reality of the southeast coast, determining that the truck return rate is high. In an interview with the Economic Observation News in January 2017 in January 2017, Miao Tianye, the full transportation, stated that according to the statistics of full transportation, the air driving rate of China's trunk line logistics was about 40 %. "The 40 % air driving rate means that, for example, there are 10,000 votes from Shanghai to Chengdu, but there are only 6,000 votes to return from Chengdu from Chengdu. This is the result of imbalanced development between China's economic regions and the fact that it exists objectively." Miao Miao. Tian Ye said.

A study of Sino -Thailand Securities' similarities and differences in the Sino -US Express Industry pointed out that the main industrial areas of the United States are distributed in the northeast, southeast and west coast. From the perspective of the main freight road lines in the United States, cargo transportation is concentrated in the east coast of transportation and cross -east and west coast. Long -distance transportation. During long -distance transportation, the path is crossed through major states in the United States, with sufficient supply and easy return. Taking American express companies such as ODFL and Fedex as an example, its own vehicle loading rate is more than 90 %.

China's cargo transportation is mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas. The sources of goods in the central and western regions are scarce, and the return is difficult to carry. In October 2018, Miao Tianye said in an interview with IRU accepted IRU by the Global Road Transportation Organization that the full -time efficient matching of the truck was reduced from 37 % to 32 %.

In many people's eyes, this is a great achievement brought by the freight platform to the logistics industry, but from the perspective of the driver's side, in the case of increasing income, increasing the loading rate The "guise". "What is the concept of going back to the car? Assuming that I have to send coal from Shanxi every day, after removing coal, I have to return to Shanxi anyway, and then send coal to Beijing the next day. The return is called the return vehicle. But in the current freight market, our card -friend brothers, which are running all over the country, which one is calculated? "Said the person in charge of the logistics company.

The rise in various costs is also forcing truck drivers to reduce the vacancy rate as much as possible. Before January 1, 2020, in order to curb the overload, China Highway generally implemented a heavy charging charge for trucks. However, due to the heavy charging charges, it was necessary to stop the export toll station, which affected the efficiency of trucks to a certain extent. Starting from January 1, 2020, the truck billing method will be adjusted from heavy charging to charging at the car (shaft) type. At that time, the truck driver raised his objection to the Ministry of Transport: "Now the large truck is based on the axis (charges), how to survive the charge and not pull the goods?" And the Ministry of Transport replied: "Press the car (axis) Type charges are a common practice internationally, because under legal loading, the same axis truck, regardless of how much cargo is loaded, the occupation and loss of road resources are the same. "

In addition, the "Technical Conditions for the Safety Safety of Operating Vans", which was implemented on September 1, 2020, had new requirements for the equipment of the vehicle, and the direct impact of various types of equipment added is that the price of vehicle purchases rose and the freight undertaken by the driver undertaken. The cost rises again. In order to dilute the cost as much as possible, the driver had to try to reduce the empty load. Even if the low -cost goods list, as long as the goods are loaded, the loss can be reduced, which makes the low -priced order have a larger market space.

Overload is also one of the factors that exacerbate the low freight rate. "Many card friends always say 'I can't make money without overloading, but the logical relationship of this sentence is reversed. Because there are many overload cars, the goods that can be pulled by two cars can be done. If a car is not working, the long -term malignant cycle will lead to the overall freight rate. "

The "Bulletin of the Development of the Transportation Industry in 2021" shows that in 2021, there were 11.7326 million car cargo vehicles and 170.95 million tons of car cargo nationwide, which was 5.7 % and 8.3 % compared to 2020, respectively. Compared with 2016, the tonnage of cargo increased in tonnage growth About 58 %. In 2021, the operating freight volume of the national highway was 52.16 billion tons, compared with 33.413 billion tons of freight in 2016, an increase of about 56 %. On the whole, the increase in freight volume is less than the increase in the tonnage of the cargo, and the result can only be an exacerbation of the competition in the freight market. Compared with 2021, the epidemic brought a very serious blow to the road freight industry in 2020. According to the statistical bulletin, in 2020, there were 11.028 million vehicles and 157.841 million tons in the country, and the operating freight volume of the nation's highway was 34.264 billion tons, and the average freight volume per ton of trucks per ton of truck was only 217 tons. It is far below the carrier level of 305 tons of cargo per ton of trucks in 2021. In 2022, the outbreak of the country in China has caused many cities to be closed for a long time, and the crackdown on the road freight industry cannot be underestimated.

When talking about low freight prices, people often ignore an extremely important background, that is, compared with developed countries, China's logistics efficiency is still not high enough. The "China Highway Freight Market Research Report" jointly released by the management consulting company Bain and the Smart IoT company G7 showed that China's logistics costs accounted for 16 % of GDP, compared with the level of 10 % of developed countries, compared with the level of 10 % of developed countries, compared with the level of 10 % of developed countries, compared with the level of 10 % of developed countries, The gap is still large. The specific manifestations are busy road routes, but the average speed is generally low.

The research selected 10 busiest lines in China, with an average operating speed of 50 ~ 65 km/h, and there is still a gap between the average level of 75 ~ 80 km/h in developed countries. In addition, congestion is generally existed and increasingly serious. Taking the busy route of entering and leaving Shanghai as an example, the time of more than 30 % of the vehicle is in the state of congestion and blocking. This means that transportation efficiency still has a high potential, and it is bound to further squeeze out vehicles and drivers with insufficient competitiveness.

The "Development Trend of the China Highway Freight Markets" released by Boston Consultation predicts that by 2025, 5 % of the micro -freight operators (less than 10 vehicles) and 5 % scattered individuals will be extruded out of the market. The current expression of individual drivers on social platforms and short video platforms seems to be confirming that Boston Consultation predicts the trend. Many drivers say they are selling cars or already selling cars and determined to withdraw from the freight industry.

According to data from the China Automotive Circulation Association, in 2021, the number of second -hand vehicles in the country was 1.4538 million, an increase of 6.93 % year -on -year. And employees are declining. In 2018, Xinhua News Agency reported that there were more than 21 million employees in the road freight industry that year. On November 3, 2021, the head of the Ministry of Transport said at the press conference that there were 17.28 million vehicle drivers in the industry in 2020.

Where does the network freight platform go?

"In order to restrict unreasonable malignant low -priced competition, the platform has set up the lowest price and reminder price based on different lengths of the vehicle, and continuously adjusts and optimize the logic of the goods category, cargo supply and demand ratio, and transaction rate. The price platform will block the delivery, higher than the minimum price and below the reminder price to remind the cargo owner to remind the car owner to be too low to find a car. 'If the shipping price is lower than the estimated market price, the platform will prompt and guide the owner to rationally improve the cargo owner rationally improved. Freight, so that the driver can pick up the order as soon as possible. "Facing the fierce questioning of the driver, Manfu responded to" China News Weekly ".

Mang Gang also said that on the driver's app, for the source information of the supply that is significantly lower than the market price, the platform will block its supply prices without displaying it to the driver. This function was officially launched on December 12, 2021. From November 2021 to March 2022, the platform blocked 2.19 million sources of low -priced goods through technical means; the platform sent a low -cost source to the owner of the cargo to remind 19.02 million times After reminding, the price increase rate reached 32.2 %.

But obviously, the truck driver group did not buy the platform's improvement. As the world's largest digital freight platform, Manfu was listed on the New York Stock Exchange on June 22, 2021, becoming the "first share" of China's digital freight platform, with a issuance price of $ 19. As of press time, the full gang's stock price was $ 9, more than half of the issue price.

According to the company's business card data, before the IPO, Manfu has experienced over 10 rounds of financing. Among the luxury investment lineups composed of dozens of institutions, in addition to the largest external shareholder Sequoia China, there are Ali Yunfeng Fund and Tencent Investment. , Gao Yan Capital and Sun Zhengyi's SoftBank Vision Fund. According to data disclosed by Sequoia China, in November 2017, when the truck gang was full of mergers, the valuations of the two companies were nearly $ 1 billion.

According to the Sequoia Chinese partner Guo Shanshan, the full transportation did not pass the subsidy and seized the market, but showed valuable "long -termism". "The project leader has been squatting in the logistics park for a long time, observing and recording the process of pushing the driver's installation APP and counseling. At that time, except for individual young drivers, most drivers were over 40 years old and were difficult to accept. They had not used any applications. With the website. Different teams are very different. Some teams leave after installing the app, and then the other team comes to uninstall it. At night, we live in a small hotel and the driver who live in the upper and lower shops to communicate to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them to understand them. Life. "Guo Shanshan said. In Guo Shanshan's narrative, the pioneering development of the cargo matching market was plated in the early days of the cargo matching market: "After a period of work, Nanjing's full transportation and the truck gang mainly in Chengdu at that time at that time Standing out from the middle, with the advantages of willpower, organizational power, and technical means, they persist in information networks and logistics parks in various places. Their software has been blocked, vehicles and materials have been destroyed, and the land pushing personnel have been injured and injured. Hospital, returned to the scene the next morning. "

Today, drivers are more willing to believe that this is a story of "Dragon Warriors eventually becomes a evil dragon", although Manban has already presented the core movement of industry changes and the conduction logic of hidden dangers in the risk statement of the prospectus: "We affect influence on the influence The overall economic conditions of freight volume and truck capacity are very sensitive. The Chinese highway transportation market has experienced cyclical fluctuations due to economic slowdown, the downturn of the shipping person's commercial cycle, the fluctuation of energy price, the big popularity, and other economic factors we cannot control. . The deterioration of the economic environment has caused our business to face various risks. The reduction of total freight has reduced our income and growth opportunities; in addition, the decline in freight volume caused by the downturn of the shipper's commercial cycle or other factors will usually lead to order price Falling, because the truck driver competes for the transportation order in order to maintain the productivity of the truck, which will affect our monetization opportunities; some truck drivers may withdraw from the market. When the market recovers, we may not have enough drivers to meet the requirements of the shipper ","

According to the full -bodied financial report, in the first quarter of 2022, the total number of platform transactions reached 53.6 billion yuan, an increase of 4.2 % over 51.5 billion yuan in the same period in 2021. The total net income of the platform was 1.332.6 billion yuan, an increase of 53.7 % over 867.2 billion yuan in the same period in 2021. When the total transaction has remained stable, in the scolding of truck drivers, the platform revenue, which matches transaction commission, membership fee and tax refund as its main source of income, has increased significantly, causing many industry observers to pinch sweat for Manbans.

The price corresponding to the beautiful performance is expected. "If our existing solutions and services fail to obtain and maintain sufficient market acceptance or provide expected benefits to ecosystem participants, our financial conditions, operating performance and competitive position will be greatly adversely affected." The book shows.

Perhaps it was a long time ago for the cross -city long -distance cargo market ceiling. Manfu was killed in the same city freight field led by the cargo, Didi freight, and fast dogs as early as November 2020 before the listing.

However, fast dog taxi submitted the prospectus of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on June 14, 2022. As the third largest market share of the same city share in Mainland China, the fast dog taxi has been lost for 4 consecutive years, with a cumulative loss of about 2.786 billion. Yuan is expected to continue to lose money in the next three years. At the same time, from 2018 to 2020, the commission rate of fast dog taxi on the platform of mainland China continued to rise to 8.3 %, while in 2021, the number of commissioning rates had to fall to 2.6 %. "It is mainly due to us because we are for us. The rewards provided by platform service trading users have increased significantly, reflecting the more radical growth strategy and the fierce competition in the logistics market in the same city in the mainland of China. "

Send 2022.8.1 Total Issue 1054 "China News Weekly" magazine

Magazine title: Behind the interview of the network freight platform: the difficulty of the difficulty of solution

Reporter: Wang Yu ([email protected])

Capture: Wang Lin

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