What is a aerospace power?Interview with Wang Xiang, General Commander of China Space Station System

On July 24, the Chinese Space Station asked the Sky Experimental Curring to successfully launch. On July 27th, in the exhibition hall of the General Department of the China Institute of Technology, the "Face -to -face" column interviewed Wang Xiang, chief commander of China Manned Aerospace Engineering Space Station, who had just returned from Wenchang Launch Base to Beijing.

China Space Station transforms into "Space Mother Port"

According to the mission schedule, another 20 -ton spaceware at the China Space Station -Mengtian Experimental Cel will be launched in October this year. At that time, the three -cabin of the core compartment, the test compartment, and the Dream Tianyan experimental cabin will form a "T" character.

It is reported that after the completion of the Chinese Space Station this year, it will usher in a special partner -the first large -scale space patrol telescope in my country. According to the design, the sky patrol telescope will fly with the space station. Homeport".

Wang Xiang: Its observation plan is also in 10 years. Normal time also needs to maintain its health and repair, so we designed to stop at the space station whenever it needs to be maintained when it is required to be maintained. superior.

Reporter: This mother port is like the current aircraft carrier.

Wang Xiang: Yes, we are called Space Mother Port. This model can actually be promoted. More similar aircrafts that need to be maintained in this form can be connected with the space station in this form. Make full play.

In order to give full play to the role of the space station, scientific researchers also tried to extend its service life. From Wang Xiang's view, the actual service life of my country's space station is far longer than its 10 -year design life.

Wang Xiang: We designed it into a removable replaceable and repaired state, and we can upgrade and replace it by replacement. After these methods are taken, we hope to be extended to 15 years or longer.

Reporter: But if it expires someday, it cannot be recycled, and it can only be destroyed in the atmosphere.

Wang Xiang: Yes, but it can be updated. It is an extended open system. We can continue to connect a expansion compartment. This expansion cabin can bring a new node cabin. I can expand it again. The cabin section can be continuously replaced, and this means can also extend our time to work and fly in the orbit.

What is a aerospace power?

Since Shenzhou 8, in the eleventh year, the "Shenzhou" series of spacecraft successfully implemented 10 delivery tasks, and China has achieved the world's leading.

Wang Xiang: At that time, there was a country involved in the construction of international space stations. Some of their participants had technical exchanges with us. During the communication process, they discussed the process of meeting their cabin to meet. I have to finish how many seconds must be done, and I suddenly have a feeling of knowing each other. We will feel this when God Liu and Shenqi will rely on the ground measurement and control station at that time. The measurement and control time of the ground station is particularly short. Each station has passed in a few minutes. This constraint is particularly large. In the second way, he said so. I think it's a bit strange. I said why you have to have this time limit for you. He said yes, but we have a restraint of measurement and control resources, then I am even more strange. I said that you either have TDRS or the entire space station of the United States' relative satellite. If you pay the money, he said that the money is counted. Therefore, although there are very sufficient conditions for measurement and control, in fact, there are still very strict restrictions on the implementation of the task. He said that you have this restriction? I said that we used to have it, but now we have the relay satellite, our star is ourselves, and we can use this resource according to our needs, and we are not subject to this restriction.

The relay satellite is equivalent to the data transit station in the sky. Since the launch of the Sky Chain No. 01 Star in April 2008, my country has built a global reinforcement satellite system with global coverage capabilities, providing strong manned spaceflight in my country to provide strong manned spaceflight. Support.

Wang Xiang: This incident is still very touched by me, including who is strong and weak, and I think the strong one is whether you have a complete system. The aerospace system, including the ability to measure control, global navigation positioning, the ability to support the ground, the ability of the rocket, the ability of the launch field, the ability to recycle field, and so on. Our system is particularly complete, and it is completely autonomous and controllable. Why is the space station one of the symbols of the aerospace power, because the space station is not standing by ourselves. Behind this station is that we have such a complete and powerful aerospace system The guarantee, so the space station can fly in the sky, and as a country can independently work out of the space station to fly in the sky, it means that you are really a aerospace power.

Story of Space Station

In September 1992, the central decision -making implementation of manned space projects, code -named "921 project", and determined the development strategy of "three steps". Just one year ago, Wang Xiang was admitted to the Department of Engineering of Tsinghua University. Since 1992, the first step of China's manned aerospace project has taken ten years of hardening. During this period, Wang Xiang directly studied his doctorate after graduating from Tsinghua University undergraduate, and went to the German Institute of Mamapkin to engage in postdoctoral research in 2001. In May 2003, he returned to Tsinghua. In October 2003, Shenzhou 5 carried Yang Liwei's flying into space. For the first time, China achieved manned space flight, and the "first step" of the manned space project made key progress. Reporter: How much does this impact on you?

Wang Xiang: The astronauts are all going to heaven. I think it will definitely not be a short -term one -time behavior at that time. It must be a spacecraft or space station. For a while, the development space is still very large, so I think it is worthwhile to devote himself to such a place.

The Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, which is more than ten kilometers away from Tsinghua University, is China's main spatial technology and its product development base. With the dream of space, Wang Xiang came here to submit a job search letter. At the end of 2003, he entered the overall department of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace. At that time, the Chinese manned aerospace project was in the first and second steps. The key task of the first step was to realize the safe round -trip of spacemen. The second step that is about to start is to break through and master the cockpit activities and the connection technology.

The construction of the space station is a systematic project that is subject to the level of science and technology and industrial development of a country as a whole. In the early days of the development of the connection and docking technology, the hardware and software required for R & D are not matched with demand. In the early stage of research and development, the technical team needs to obtain various experimental data required for the connection and docking technology through a large number of ground trials.

Wang Xiang: Including the two cars on the car running each other, the two planes on the plane are separated by dozens of kilometers, flying to four or five hundred meters apart, and then the entire measurement process is measured. In fact, it is a physical verification of our entire measurement.

Reporter: Can this be called "soil method"?

Wang Xiang: It is a kind of soil method. I think it is one of the most interesting stages, that is, you are always thinking about how to solve these problems. We have a long -term and big goal. We are walking forward every day. During the process of walking, we excluded obstacles and overcome difficulties. We also gained new knowledge. We have gained a new one. Getting forward, I think this is a very interesting thing.

On November 1, 2011, the Shenzhou -8 spacecraft launched the launch. After entering the scheduled track, he began to perform the task of meeting with the Tiangong -1 of Tiangong No. 1 in the orbit. Two days of suffering. Space meetings are vividly referred to as "thousands of miles", which is a concentrated manifestation of a national aerospace technology strength. Two days later, Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong -1 finally ushered in an exciting docking moment.

Wang Xiang: The last time I hit it, it was exactly the state we expected and wanted. In fact, many people were very excited at that time, but I felt at that scene at that time. When it really flew to the end, step by step Let me finally soberly, it really follows our design expectations step by step. You let me think about it. I can say that all our efforts are meaningful. Essence

Several generations have changed from dreams to reality

Since 2011, Wang Xiang has served as the chief commander of the space station system. He led the team to complete the comprehensive demonstration of the space station model. The key technology of the project, the design of the whole system and the development of various cabins. On April 29, 2021, the Long March 5 Yao Er Lae Rocket successfully launched the sky and the core cabin, which opened the curtain of key technical verification and tracking of my country's space station.

China Manned Aerospace has developed forward at an unprecedented speed, and the Chinese space station has gradually changed from dreams to reality. In fact, as early as the 1960s, older generations of scientists such as Qian Xuesen had started the idea of ​​the first manned spacecraft "Shuguang No. 1" overall plan in my country, and set up 507 special scientific research institutions for manned space projects, but later Because scientific research in all aspects could not be guaranteed at the time, the "Shuguang No. 1" plan was stranded, but the research of Chinese aerospace people never stopped.

Wang Xiang: I went to check the information and found out that a group of old gentlemen started an analysis of the connection orbit since the 1980s.

Reporter: After how many years, do you have a touch of this encounter on the calculation paper?

Wang Xiang: Very touching, now I have a computer, what I have, but an old gentleman holding his handwritten manuscript paper now still teaches me. It really has such a feeling. He may not think that he can Seeing this day, but he was also doing this in obscurity and firmly.

After the assembly testing of the Tianhe Core Class was completed, the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace invited some of the early veterans participating in the vending space project to the scene.

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