Lingnan characteristic traditional architecture -屋 ota house

■ Magazil

屋 (Huò) Ear House is the representative of the traditional dwellings of Lingnan. Because of its gable -like ears, it is called "镬 oto house". It is made of blue bricks, stone pillars, and slate. Ancestral temple buildings, rich houses and ancient villages. Due to the different areas, the ears of the ears of Guangfu architecture, Hakka architecture, and Chaoshan architecture are also different in the gable ears, each with style and characteristics.

Guangfu Architecture 镬 Ear House

Guangdong Shunde Guangfu Architecture 屋 ion House Machangliang/Photo Conference

The gables of the House House of Guangfu Building are the arc curved structure. The width of the ears is 1/3 of the total width of the gables.饰 Ear walls are not only decorative, but also the same role as the horse head wall of the Hui faction: first, the use of fire walls; the other is air -transparent diversion, which is convenient for roof heat dissipation; The light heat of the west.

Although there is a name full of fireworks such as "ears", in the past full of levels and worldly concepts, the ears wall of the ears is rounded down from the top, like Aoyu's lift -up mouth, cleverly caters to the ancient official hat two. The shape of the ear. As a result, the Hill Hill Wall was given the beauty of "monopolizing" and was connected to the far future on the road of the career. The folk also interprets a saying that the ear walls can bless their children and grandchildren.

The internal pattern of the Ear House is a typical "Three Rooms and Two Corridors" in Guangdong's dwellings. The "three rooms" refer to the three rows of houses, the middle of the hall, and the living room on both sides. The front of the three houses is a patio, and the houses on both sides of the patio are "gallery". "Two Gallery" is generally used as a kitchen or correction. The layout of this corridor eaves deliberately create a combination of reality and reality, which not only is more open, but also unscrewed a practical valve: on the one hand, it is convenient for air circulation and heat dissipation; on the other hand Bone plays the role of isolation and covering the sun. Of course, the number of ears is more than that. The more the more open room means the higher the level.

When building the ears on the gables, you need to press the two rows of tiles from the eaves to the top and seal it with gray. This process of handling the closed mouth is not only difficult, but also consumes money. The water milling brick is superior. In some places, there is also a kind of ears built with oyster shells instead of green bricks. The oyster shell is taken in nature and the price is low. It is said that the ear house built with it is warm in winter and cool in winter.

Hakka architecture 镬 ear house

Hakka architecture 镬 Ear -end gable McGone/Photo Conferry

The Hakka building is different from the Guangfu building, which is reflected in the width, height, style form, and materials of the ears.

The height of the Hakka Building Hill Ear Hill Wall is different from the Guangfu Building. The height of the upper ridge at the top of the gable wall is less than 1 meter, and the width is large and small. In terms of style form, the ear walls of Hakka building are used for the hill walls of the houses at both ends of the Hakka enclosure. In terms of materials, Hakka buildings are mostly triterome of pebble earth walls, and most of the upper parts use rammed earth walls or stalk root mud brick walls, a small amount of green brick walls, and monitoring holes and anti -bandit shooting holes are set on the facade. Essence

Chaoshan Architecture 筑 Ear House

Chaoshan Architecture 山 Ear -end gable Magenide/Picture

The width of the ears of the pupa house of Chaoshan architecture 的 ear house is generally 1/5 of the total width of the gables. In some, the top of the ears mountain wall is slightly higher than the ride of the room. In terms of style form, the decorative gray shape and lines of Chaoshan architecture 镬 ear ending gables are more complicated than Hakka buildings. Facial layer decoration. The lower wall roots of the ears wall of Chaoshan Building are mostly used in red sandstone walls, and a small amount of pebble three -in -earth wall roots are used. Most of the rammed earth walls or green brick walls are used in the upper part. The thickness of the rammed soil is thin.

Example

McGlood, Ancient Construction Group of Bijiang Jinsha, Beibei Town, Shunde, Guangdong/

The ancient building groups of Shunde include the duties, Jinlou, mud, seeing Longmen, Nanshan Temple, Yiyu Herita, Mutang Temple, Zhaobi, Yitang Mansion and so on. According to the local elderly, although the ears are not good, the materials it uses is exquisite and the work is fine. For example, the blue bricks used in the earlus house are superior to polished water milling bricks. Another example is the ears on both sides of the house, from the eaves to the top. The two rows of tiles need to be pressed and the gray shaped and solids. It is the most difficult and most expensive place for the entire construction project.

Located in the sand of the Shayu low in Laote Town, Guangdong, it was built by Malaysian overseas Chinese Chen Tai in the early years of the Republic of China. A total of 7 stone -footed houses, which are generally combed. The structure of the stone foot house is basically the same, 13 meters long, 9 meters wide, covering an area of ​​about 110 square meters. The luggage hill wall and dragon boat ash plastic spine are used. Some exterior walls are ash plastic. The foot of the house and the back wall are made of coarse red sandstone. The main building is basically complete.

(Author unit: Guangzhou Garden Construction Co., Ltd.)

This article was originally published in "China Building Materials News" on August 1, 4th edition

Editor: Ding Tao

School pair: He Xinlong

Supervisor: Han Fengfeng

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