The county economy accelerates running

◎ Text "Fighter" magazine all media reporter Li Liao

CFP

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The county economy welcomes development opportunities

"Thousands of miles in the world are divided into hundreds of counties and are tied to the country." Since ancient times, China has said "counties and counties, and the world security". The county as a grass -roots administrative division has been in my country for more than two thousand years. To this day, China has long been far more than 100 counties. Public data shows that as of 2020, a total of 2,844 county -level administrative districts in the country. Among them, there are 973 municipal districts and 1,869 counties (including autonomous counties, county -level cities, flags, and autonomous flags).

On April 10, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Accelerating the Construction of the National Unified Market" was released, and it was clearly stated that it was necessary to accelerate the establishment of a national unified market system rules. The role of labor, capital, and commodities in the country's market is crucial, and the role of county and county economy is very important. In recent years, although some places have highlighted regional characteristics and have achieved some achievements in promoting the high -quality development of the county economy. But on the whole, the foundation of economic development in China is still relatively weak.

To this end, the China Affairs Office and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Urbanization Construction of the County Town as an important carrier", which proposed that by 2025, important progress has been made with the urbanization construction with the county seat as an important carrier. Reinforcement.

▲ Minhou County, known as the "Eight Fujian Firstyi", is the top 100 counties in China and the first batch of open counties in the coast.

In 2021, the county's economy has achieved breakthrough development. The "Top 100 County" created 9.94%of China's GDP in less than 2%of the country and the population of less than 2%of the country. At the same time, more and more counties and cities have exceeded 100 billion, and the "100 billion county" echelon has increased to 43.

In the county's head, the "Top 100 County" and "100 billion County" are booming, but more county areas are obscure. Among the 2021 "Top 100 County" list released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 65 seats in the Eastern Region, 22 seats in the central region, and only 10 and 3 seats in the west and northeast regions. At the same time, nearly 11 provinces (autonomous regions, cities) counties have missed the "Top 100" counties.

Nowadays, the county economy has ushered in a good opportunity, but the risk and light of the road coexist. Under the new development pattern, how should the county economy embark on a suitable development path?

The "stabilizer" of the national political economy

In China, the county is centered on county seats, townships as the bond, and vast rural areas as the hinterland. It is the end point of solving the problem of urban and rural duals. For a long time, the development of large cities and large urban agglomerations has attracted more attention. Some views believe that the development of county economy is not "economy", and its investment income is far from big cities. However, the county economy that is less than the city economy has irreplaceable importance.

The county area, large population, and economic volume, the penetration degree in China is deeper than the metropolis. According to the study of Huang Zhengxue, director of the National Land and Economic Research Office of the National Development and Reform Commission of the National Development and Reform Commission, the total area of ​​the nation ’s counties and cities (including autonomous counties, county -level cities, flags, and autonomous flags) in 2019 is 8.53 million square kilometers. Essence The seventh census shows that the total number of residents in the country and cities across the country is about 748 million. Therefore, when it is mentioned in the county area, it is more concerned about the current status of survival of 1869 county units in China, 88%of the country's land area, and the total population of 52.8%of the country.

Consultant Consultant Consultant Group of Gansu Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, Cai Wenhao, former president of Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, has long been committed to the research on the regional economy. In an interview with a reporter from the "Legal person" on August 4, China has always attached importance to the development of the county economy. "China The economy is a 'two legs' walking. One is that the central cities and urban agglomerations are developing in the direction of modernization, industrialization, industrial agglomeration and urban collaboration in accordance with the ideas of scale and industrial chain. Thinking. "

In 2021, the county economy embarked on the road of "rushing" for comprehensive construction of socialist modernization. On August 4th, Huang Zhengxue said in an interview with the "Legal person" reporter that today, the county economy has become an important driving force for promoting rural rejuvenation and new urbanization construction, and is the support of the national high -quality development.

According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.5: 1, which was reduced, but there was still a certain gap. This year's government work report proposes that it is necessary to reduce the regional gap, urban and rural gaps, and income gaps, and solidly advance common prosperity.

Just as rural solving rural problems is more difficult, the county as a urban and rural buffer belt, which is responsible for connecting the gap between the two. The development of the county economy drives rural economic development is a feasibility path. Cai Wenhao said, "Through the development of the county, on the one hand, the supply of agricultural products from supply -side reforms; on the other hand, after the county's economy is mature, the more than 700 million population covers the market is the main consumer of the market. In the future Help internal circulation construction. "

It is worth mentioning that the county economy is equally important to build an external cycle. "Capital of Small Commodities" Zhejiang Yiwu, "World Shoes" Fujian Jinjiang, "Capital of Glasses" Jiangsu Dandang, "Capital of Hotel Supplies" Jiangsu Hangji, "New Capital" Zhejiang Yongjia, etc. The status is inseparable, and the throat of the global segment is stretched in a subtle way.

Chinese counties, especially in developed areas, have high concentration of agriculture and low industrial concentration, and are more ruralized. Huang Zhengxue introduced that in 2021, in 1,866 counties and cities, large grain -producing counties and key ecological counties accounted for relatively large, 1039 and 819, respectively. In this regard, he said that food security is the "big of the country", developing the county economy, helping to maintain the country's food security and ecological security, and is closely consistent with the "two security" mentioned in the national "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan". At the same time, the county seat as an important part of the Chinese town system has recently ushered in the support of central documents. The China Office and the State Office issued the "Opinions on Promoting Urbanization Construction with the County as an important carrier", which provided new types of urbanization development and transformation for different types of counties.

The county industry is revealed "generation difference"

The "Top 100 County" and "100 billion County" created huge economic value, and after all, it was only a few of thousands of counties. The situation in China is very different. The most populous county, Jiangsu Kunshan, and the least populated county Tibet Autonomous Region Zada ​​County, the population is about 260 times the difference; the average population scale in Jiangsu County is 971,000, and the average population scale in Tibet County is only 37,000. Many border counties have less than 10,000 people.

Cai Wenhao takes the Gansu area he is familiar with as an example: "Gansu Province has an area of ​​450,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the area of ​​two Britain. But the population is only 24 million, which is 1/3 of the British. It is mainly distributed in the east of the Yellow River, and although Jiuquan west of the Yellow River has an area of ​​170,000 square kilometers, the population is less than 2 million. "

In some counties, many rural areas have become "hollow villages", leaving only "old and weak". Huang Zhengxue and his team have done calculations, 68%of China's counties show a state of net outflow. The lack of people's elements can cause three major difficulties in the development of the county's economy. Cai Wenhao believes that first of all, economic cooperation cannot be formed, and secondly, the cost of public financial investment is high, and finally it is difficult to form a consumer market with a certain scale.

The county's economic development has been discrete. "'100 billion counties'" Whether it is urban scale or characteristic industries, it has entered a virtuous circulation track. Kunshan and Jiangyin even surpass the GDP of Ningxia, Qinghai, and Tibet in one county. In the "100 billion county", in addition to the large county, most of the city agglomerations and urban areas are mostly concentrated in the inter -provincial junction areas. The development of development is insufficient. "Huang Zheng said.

In 2019, counties and cities with a total GDP of less than 10 billion yuan accounted for more than 40 %, and nearly 60 % of counties and cities with general public budget revenue of less than 1 billion yuan. Although the general public budget revenue of local governments has shown a growth trend in the past 10 years, the difference between "financial resources" between different counties is also increasing. Compared with 2011, GDPs of counties and regions in the Eastern and Middle and Western regions in 2020 have grown forward, but GDP in the counties in Northeast China has decreased by 1.4 trillion yuan. General public budget revenue decreased by 3.7%compared with 2011.

The Huang Zhengxue team has calculated and compared the deposits and loans of financial institutions in 1866 counties and cities. The results showed that 60%of county deposits in the country greater than loans, "this means that many funds have flowed to big cities." Lack of funds, industrial technology obtains obtaining industrial technology. Within no improvement, products cannot be upgraded, and enterprises lack R & D capabilities, making the industrial level of these counties lower.

In addition, the industrial layout has also been revealed. When listed companies such as Kunshan and Jiangyin have gathered and high -end manufacturing industry, some remote counties are still relying on natural resources such as oil and coal to develop economy. At the same time, Huang Zhengxue mentioned that the digital gap between the county and the city is widening. "Now many large cities and central cities are vigorously developing the digital economy, but many remote counties do not know enough about the digital economy."

Among the existing county units, nearly 50 % of the former national poor counties, most of them are old revolutionary districts, key ecological functional areas and grain production counties. "These counties shoulders the heavy responsibility of maintaining ecological safety and food security, but due to lagging economic development, the contradictions in protecting and development are relatively prominent." Huang Zhengxue said.

Give full play to the advantage to find the way out

China is vast, with different historical, cultural, geographical conditions, traffic conditions, and living habits. The development model of the county economy must not be cut. It should be adapted to local conditions, to play a comparative advantage, and find the way that suits you best.

In the two sessions of this year, the central government proposed to form a modern agricultural production structure and regional layout that is compatible with market demand and matching the capacity of the resource and environment. Lin Zelin pointed out the direction for the development of the county economy.

Huang Zhengxue said that, looking at the development of "the top 100 counties" and "100 billion counties", except for a few resource -oriented areas, they all work hard in terms of market integration, industrial integration, and population fusion, forming a relatively clear development model.

The development of some counties belongs to the urban radiation driving type. With the advantages of adjacent to large cities and large cities, it has formed professional supporting or professional services. Far with mega cities, through the creation of the market, promote the linkage of trade and work, and realize "buy nationwide and sell the whole country". This is the interactive type of market processing. Using two types of resources and two markets to achieve economic development, Kunshan and Fujian Jinjiang, Jiangsu are typical representatives; some counties and cities in the main producing area of ​​agricultural products, rely on agricultural resources advantages to promote the integration and development of the first, secondary and tertiary industries. "It is represented by Shouguang, Shandong, belongs to the processing type of agricultural and sideline products; Shenmu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia Jun Geer is the representative of the development of mineral resources. It is developed around resources and improves the industrial chain. Breakout and promote the green transformation and development of the county economy. Huang Zhengxue mentioned that the reason why some counties are "not economical" are mainly the population scale and market size "not economical". Therefore, "integration" is crucial. "If the county is located in large urban agglomerations, it should be integrated and developed to actively promote the construction of convenient transportation circles, high -efficiency economic circles, and beautiful living circles."

Far far from large cities and large cities in the Mainland, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between counties and break the inherent boundaries. Huang Zhengxue visited several counties at the border of 4 provinces in Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, and Hubei. These regions were not obvious and the industry scale was small. It is difficult to extend any industrial chain in a separate county. However, the counties have unified planning and strengthened cooperation to take the development direction of pig farming, ox farming, livestock slaughter and feed processing, and form an industrial chain with a group, achieving a scale economy.

The key ecological function counties and grain production counties can adopt pace with the overall development of the society. Huang Zhengxue said: "Most of these counties are out of the county out of the county. According to the idea of" gathering and outsourcing ", they should encourage the population to focus on the county and economic towns, maintain national ecological security and food security, and accelerate the development of 'red, green, and ancient 'Three -colored cultural tourism industry, focusing on planning biomedicine and big data industries that are more friendly to the environment and ecology to develop green ecological organic agriculture. "He said that it can also speed up carbon emission rights and carbon exchange transactions, and directly transform resources to transform resources directly For assets.

In response to remote areas in the west, Cai Wenhao believes that first of all, it is necessary to solve the problem of population agglomeration and relocate people to places with rich water resources and strong natural carrying capacity. He introduced that in the process of building a well -off society in China, many poverty alleviation projects in Gansu were also achieved through Easy Relocation: "Once a natural disaster occurs in somewhere, the original home is destroyed, but it will not be rebuilt in place, but instead, but instead, it will not be rebuilt, but it will not be rebuilt, but it will not be rebuilt, but it will not be rebuilt. Moving these people to Lanzhou New District, the state will subsidize. Similarly, some places have bad natural conditions, not suitable for human survival, and can also use the method of relocation. In addition, the population of Jiuquan in Gansu needs Together, live in harmony and drive the economic development of the nation. "

Followed by village and village. Cai Wenhao said that the problem of transportation and trade by improving infrastructure such as roads and telecommunications networks. "In the past, due to the inconvenience of transportation, the lack of consumer population, Gansu's walnut capacity was excessive, and the local people used walnut oil to light up and burned walnuts. Now the traffic and telecommunications conditions are improved. After exchanges, the items were exported and the concept was entered. "

The county economy is an important node on the network of China's new development pattern today. Huang Zhengxue believes that the development of the county economy should be coordinated with its own resource endowment and coordinated with the overall development of the society. Its infinite value will continue to be released with China's comprehensive construction of socialist modernization.

Editing ｜ Cui Xiaolin

Edit ｜ Bai Kui

School pair ｜ Zhang Bo Zhang Xuehui

This article is published in the "Legal person" magazine in August 2022 Total 222 cover story column

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