There are not only "four treasures" here

【Natural Notes】

Qinling is an important division of the north and south of China, and it is also a treasure trove of species diversity. It is located between the north and south of our country. The complex terrain encounters changing airflows and bred a variety of mountain climate types. This provides asylum for the survival of species and has also achieved the genetic treasure trove of species communication. I studied long -lasting animals and came to Qinling every year to conduct field inspections. In most cases, I can meet the legendary "Qinling Four Treasures" -a panda, Zhu Xi, Antelope, and Golden Monkey.

My perception of Zhu Xi began in the investigation of Shaanxi Yang County in 2014. I thought this rare treasure bird was difficult to see, and did not think that they built nests on the big trees in the farm yard, foraged in the rice fields, and got along with the local farmers. Vivid pictures. As everyone knows, Zhu Xi's fate is extremely bumpy, once hovering on the edge of extinction. According to literature, Zhu Xi was widely distributed in eastern Asia. From the north, Blagovsksk, Siberia, Taiwan to Taiwan in the south, Iwate County, Japan, and Gansu Province in China in the west. However, its number has gradually decreased since the 19th century. Especially since the mid -20th century, due to environmental destruction, lack of food resources, hunting, lack of camp trees, and narrowing wetland area, Zhu Xi's number has declined sharply. In 1978, Liu Yinzeng, a researcher at the Institute of Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted a survey based on historical distribution. It took 3 years to find only 7 Zhu Xi. In order to save the wild Zhu Xi, since 1990, Yang County has established the Zhuxi people's work group. By 1998, the number of populations had reached 53, and the second generation of children appeared in the population group. In 2000, through the identification of the World Nature Protection Alliance, Zhu Xi descended from endangered to endangered. Today, after more than 30 years of hard work, the number of populations in the field in the wild has exceeded 6,100, and the distribution range has also been expanded from Yangxian County to surrounding counties and cities.

In the winter of 2019, I went to the Changqing National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi. One day, the forest and I walked on the mountain road, and suddenly heard the sound of the puppet from the bamboo forest on the roadside. The keen forest guard told me that it was a giant panda! Sure enough, a giant panda is eating in the dense bamboo gap and is not disturbed by our two "two beasts". On the side of the road, we also discovered the feces of pandas. I was curious and smelled it down, not only smelly, but also a kind of fragrance. It turns out that the giant panda is a carnivore, and the intestinal microorganisms in the body can complete the digestion and absorption of bamboo, so the "stinky" pulled out is not smelly. This is impressive: In the history of evolution, giant pandas are undoubtedly successful, and animals such as sword -tooth elephants living in the same period have been extinct, but it has undergone long evolution and many natural catastrophe tests. The transformation of carnivores into herbivorous, and finally became food -this is the result of adaptation again and again in the process of long -term evolution.

A year later, I came to Panda Valley Park in Farping, Shaanxi. After the snow, there are very few tourists. Walking along the trail, you can enjoy the tranquility of nature. At the Savage Valley, I found that dozens of Sichuan golden monkeys are playing in the dead woods on the hillside of the left side. As a member of the wart monkeys, Sichuan Golden Monkey inhabits the cold and humid Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, and Hubei forests in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Sichuan, Gansu, and Hubei. This huge group of strict social organizations and structures showing strict social organizations and structures during a regional activity or migration is rare in other spiritual long animals. In order to better study the habits of Sichuan Golden Monkey in the wild, scientists need to get used to the habit of monkey groups. The so -called habit is to track and assist the wild in the wild for a long time, so that the wild monkeys are used to the existence of human beings, which is a bit similar to "recruiting" monkeys in the wild. The group of monkeys I see are the habitual wild monkeys.

Antelope is the "giant" in the Qinling area, and I have been in close contact with them in the summer of 2021. Antelope is large and has a great temper. There are often reports on the road or going down the mountain to break into the farmhouse. However, our research found that they are actually afraid of people. In the eyes of antelope, humans are a terrible "two beasts", so they will always be alert to the surrounding humans at the time of activities. If humans or other natural enemies are approaching, they will alert observation and judge the risk level, and then warn the companion through a special sound through the nasal cavity, and finally enter the enemy's stage. When there are sub -into the body and the younger bulls in the group, the male cows will guard the periphery to push the targets on the periphery, while the cow leads the Yacheng body and the young baby to escape. Therefore, only a few cases will attack people. Nowadays, an antelopes live in the forest habitats in the Asian Mountains in clustering, and the leopard and puppets living in the same environment are their main natural enemies. The reduction of beasts has provided survival opportunities for herbivores such as antelope. Coupled with the improvement of the ecological environment in recent years, the number of antelopes has grown rapidly. In Qinling's land, humans cannot compare with antelope whether the quantity, weight or strength. Only when the distance can produce beauty, especially when most species treat humans as natural enemies, this distance is particularly important.

If "Qinling Four Treasures" speak, what will they think of humans?Humans do make important contributions to protecting them, otherwise they may have disappeared from the earth -from this perspective, they should be grateful to humans.But in turn, the endangered extinction of pandas, Zhu Xi, antelope, and Sichuan golden monkeys was caused by human activities?If it is not human disturbances, they can have inhabited freely in nature.Therefore, "Qinling Four Treasures" are lucky, and humans have rescued them in time.However, there are also some endangered species like them, and the protection is not enough."Qinling Four Treasures" are just representatives of the diversity of Qinling species, but Qinling has not only "four treasures".Let us jointly build a community of people and natural life, and look forward to the dream of "all kinds of frost days competing free".

(Author: Zhao Xumao, a young researcher at Lanzhou University)

【Edit: Bian Liqun】

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