Charity should be an important force for the development of pension services

According to statistics from the Charity Public Welfare News in 2021, the ages of 65 and over the age of 65 accounted for 14.2%, which marked that my country has entered the era of moderate aging from mild aging, and it cannot be reversed to the era of deep aging. In this era, the demand for elderly care services has become increasingly rising, and the government's inclusive care services have been unable to adapt to aging development. Staring on the experience of abroad and my country's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, we must build a diversified supply channel for pension services and engage in charity to engage in charity Service agencies are obviously an important force to promote the development of pension services.

In the field of pension services, the methods of participation in social forces mainly include private capital investment and establishment of pension service agencies and community pension institutions and facilities, charity funds to support the development of pension services and charity organizations provided by charity organizations. From the perspective of international experience, in addition to fund donation support, various types of charity organizations play an important role in social services. In 2020, one of the main uses of American charity donations is humanitarian services, including helping the elderly, children's protection, community services, etc., and the number of American charity organizations has exceeded 1 million. Essence

In contrast, my country's charity and pension services have lagged behind. Although the Charity Law clarifies the scope of charity and will be listed alone in charitable services, the effect of landing on the ground is not good. Although the participation of private capital is growing, the positioning is mostly to satisfy the middle and higher income groups, and there are fewer public in public welfare activities. As of 2020, there were 894,000 social organizations across the country. Among them, there were 375,000 social groups, 8432 foundations, and 511,000 people in the people, but they were identified as less than 10,000 charitable organizations. From the perspective of pension services, although it has begun to pay attention to the participation of social forces in the field of elderly care services, take the road of diversified services for government, society, family and individuals. ideal. As of 2020, there were 19,000 elderly service agencies except for the social welfare institutions and the support types of special poverty -stricken personnel, ranking first, but there were fewer people engaged in public welfare pension service activities. In addition, charitable organizations are still limited to traditional fundraising rescue activities, and are limited in the supply supply supply of elderly, children and disabled related welfare services. In the fields of the National Foundation in 2020, the elderly accounted for only 10.8%of the elderly, and the field of charity and pension service needs to attract more attention.

The reason for the lagging development of charitable pension services, from the perspective of external constraints, one is that the charitable organization has difficulty in determining, and the government's support for charity organizations is insufficient. Because the registration of charitable organizations is limited by the registration system of non -profit organizations, and my country's non -profit organization registration adopts administrative licenseism, this kind of official identification management method has led to the administrative issue of charitable organizations, hindering the charity organization Determination. The registration of charitable organizations still has a high threshold, and some of the social forces that are interested in entering the public welfare industry are also discouraged. A large number of foundations, social organizations, and social service agencies that are engaged in charity activities stipulated in the Charity Law have not been identified as charity organizations, and these social organizations have not received corresponding support. In addition, official nature of charities often have more government resources, and private charity organizations have limited development. Although the "Charity Law" regulates charity services, it is still going to be introduced to the charity organizations in the field of cultivation and development of pension services, guiding and supporting social organizations to engage in public welfare pension services. The policies enjoyed by charity organizations are not high, and the preferential efforts to obtain are significantly different from general social organizations. At the same time, charity organizations are also facing excessive supervision restrictions. They often have too much requirements, but insufficient guidance services. Second, the personal volunteer service channels are underdeveloped, and the development of community charity and pension services is inadequate. my country's personal volunteer care services are still insufficient. From the perspective of donation structure, Chinese individual donations account for only 26.4%in 2019, while American individual donations account for more than 70%. In addition to the overall level of charity donation service consciousness that is not adaptable to the level of economic and social development, the lack of personal volunteer service channels is the main reason. The effective combination of community charity and community volunteer pension services has not been well reflected. The fine traditions are in line with the inadequate development of community charity services. Although these folk volunteers have not been statistically entered into official data, they also play an important role in charity and pension services.

From the perspective of internal constraints, the first is that the endogenous motivation of social forces to participate in charity and pension services is insufficient, and social organizations have poor development. Although some social capital enters the pension service industry in non -public forms, they are keen to obtain short -term benefits through establishment of land development, disconnect with the needs of the elderly, and violate the characteristics of public welfare in pension services. Blindly pursuing economic benefits, and ignoring the phenomenon of the basic human nature of the service industry and the moral bottom line. In the case of poor development of social organizations and low quality of pension services, it is difficult for social forces to participate in charity and pension services by strengthening their own ability. Second, the charitable organization industry has poor internal governance, and the stability of charitable organizations and the lack of service capabilities. Many charitable organizations often lack complete organizational institutions and rules and regulations. Not only can they not achieve sustainable capital operation, and the liquidity of full -time staff is relatively strong, resulting in poor charitable organizations. Some charitable activities also adopt project management models mostly. The recruited volunteers are also temporary. Although the number of registered volunteers in the civil affairs system has risen in recent years, 190 million registered volunteers collected in the national volunteer service information system in 2020, the professional volunteer team is still lacking. This has caused charity activities to be limited to funds and material assistance, and it is difficult to get involved in elderly care services such as pension care services, spiritual comfort, social participation and social work with strong professionalism. Changing this status quo and promoting the development and growth of charity and elderly care services, the policy system should be improved from the following four aspects:

First, by revising the "Charity Law", the orientation of pension service -oriented charity organizations is further clarified in charity services. Including the inclusion of public welfare pension service organizations into the category of charitable organizations, clarifying the setting procedures and basic operation specifications of pension service -oriented charities, and clearly explicit support measures for pension service -oriented charity organizations in promoting policies. At the same time, it is necessary to integrate relevant resources, and the preferential policies and preferential policies of charitable organizations will be coordinated in order to enlarge support and promote the development of pension service -oriented charity organizations, which has become an important force for the development of my country's pension service industry.

Second, further let go of the registration of charitable organizations and promote more emotional social organizations to participate in public welfare pension services. The government should create a good policy environment, give more favorable policy support to social organizations, foundations, and social service agencies engaged in charity service activities. Improve the mechanism of supervision, assessment, and elimination in the event of charitable organizations. Relevant policies should be improved, and the private office -based elderly care institutions should be improved accordingly, and a group of people with elderly care services will be truly supported to participate in the pension service industry, and more civil forces will participate.

Third, promote the development of community charity and promote the growth of volunteer pension services for the community. Through the development of charity and pension services in the form of the community, in line with the fine tradition of mutual assistance in China's neighborhood, it is necessary to establish and cultivate community volunteer pension service teams, provide individuals to provide volunteer pension services, and organically combine community charity and community volunteer pension services. On this basis, we must strengthen the application of information technology in the practice of volunteer care service, improve the national unified volunteer service information system, make full use of the fine traditions of mutual assistance in China's neighborhood, explore and improve the application of "time banking" and other mutual assistance to the localization of China. Pension mode. Establish and improve the individual and organization reward policies that carry out charity activities in the field of pension services. Through various media propaganda to help the elderly and help the elderly, to create a social atmosphere of charity public welfare, improve the public participation of volunteer pension services for the public Entality.

Fourth, cultivate professional social work talents and long -term stable volunteers in the field of pension services. Pension service is a relatively strong social service. It requires professional social workers and long -term stable volunteers. It is necessary to equip social workers in a certain proportion at the elderly institution and community pension service center and cultivate stable pension. Serving the volunteer team, strengthen the skills training of the elderly service volunteers, and improve the overall service level of volunteer services. In particular, it is necessary to mobilize the age and healthy elderly in the elderly service agency or community to participate in mutual assistance services to form a social atmosphere of helping the elderly, which will help alleviate the pressure of insufficient manpower supply in my country's pension service industry.

In short, charity should be an important force to promote the development of elderly care services. The lagging of the development of charity and care services not only hinders the construction and improvement of the pension service system, but also not conducive to the high -quality development of charity. It is necessary to actively guide social organizations to participate in charity and pension services, cultivate and strengthen service -oriented charity organizations, promote the development of community volunteer care services, and cultivate professional social work talents and stable volunteers.

(Author: Zhu Zhenyu, Renmin University of China Social Security Research Center)

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