游戏 Qin: "Game of Thrones -Analysis of Ancient Chinese Hat Top"

The second issue of "Shangwu" read was published. Design: Liu Zhenyue

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Fengyun on the top: culture and appreciation of the top of the hat

Be diligent

Yang Ren (懋 Qin)

As we all know, the crown is a kind of headdress used by the ancients. At the beginning, its role was to keep warm and protection. However, with the development of society, especially after the emergence of class society, the role, shape and style of crowns in people's lives have continued to evolve, and eventually become a very complicated clothing that has many functions such as practical, decoration, and identity. Essence

The top of the hat, also known as the top of the crown and top, is a decoration used by the ancients on the top of the crown. Its system began in the Yuan Dynasty, developed in the Ming Dynasty, and prevailed in Qing. Through continuous improvement and development, the top of the hat has become a special crown to distinguish between wearing personnel levels.

It is usually made of a seat with metal materials, inlaid with gemstones, and distinguish the material and color. The top of the hat of the Yuan Dynasty was generally used on the king, aristocratic, and officials. Due to the crown (crown) of the Xia Dynasty. Since the ruling class admired Buddhism at that time, the styles, shapes and materials of the top of the hat were mostly related to Buddhism.

figure 1

As shown in Figure 1, the top of the Yuan Dynasty hat is made of bronze, and the shape is like a Buddhist magazine "Diamond Pestle"; the other bronze is made of gold. The layers of relief patterns are Buddha statues and waiters. The second layer of relief pattern is diamond. There are 16 Buddhist figures on the top of the entire hat. With the continuous improvement of the feudal governance mechanism, the top of the cap system entered the Ming Dynasty, which was more complete and strict than the Yuan Dynasty.

The top of the Ming Dynasty hat was decorated with a brown hat (originally worn by the samurai, and later developed into a crown hat dedicated to the nobles and officials of the Ming Dynasty. Called big hat, the eaves are called small hats), and the material distinguishes the level to respect the inferiority. The Ming system stipulates that officials with one or two grades use jade tops, three to five officials use golden roofs, and silver roofs below six grades; if they use top beads, three to five grades must not be used in jade, and only agate can be used west of six grades. Crystal, fragrant wood. Figure 2 is the top of the golden hat used by officials of the three to five of the Ming Dynasty.

figure 2

In the Qing Dynasty, the use of the top of the hat entered the heyday, to the emperor, the down to the official, the birth, or the elder. Whether it was a great gift or a daily office, it was necessary to install the top of the hat on the official hat.

In order to regulate the wearing of the top of the hat, the Qing Dynasty also formulated a complete set of hat -top systems to strictly regulate the style, materials, color, and size of the cap top, so that the top of the hat became the most distinguished from officials in the Qing Dynasty officials. Important jewelry, so that the impact of the top of the hat at that time far exceeded the official hat itself.

For example, when he was granted the official, "rewarding to Dai Dai, or Ding Dai Rong", when he dismissed, he said "picking and leaving the top to wear". Officials in the Qing Dynasty used crowns, and they could be divided into summer and winter crowns on time. According to different use occasions, it can be divided into the championship when it is a great gift, and the auspicious crowns used in daily business.

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(Figure 3) Officials of Qingyi Pin wearing: Left is the top of the crown, silver gilt gold -lapse, and the middle decoration of Dongzhu (lost), the top of the water -shaped imitation rubbers top beads; Dai, bronze gilt gold -lavage seat, big red imitation coral top bead.

Figure 4

(Figure 4) Qing Erpin official Xia Jijian: Jade Cao's preparation, lining red gauze, nail hats, outsourcing white lame, inlaid gold edges, full red crickets, loaded two -grade Jifing crown wearing, Baiyu 翎 翎 （ The pipe is inserted into the dangling (connected to the red cricket, and the ribbon worn on the top is called the top plate. The symbolic meaning is the official, and it must strictly control your words and deeds).

Figure 5

(Figure 5) Qing Erpin officials wearing: The left is the top of the two grades in the top of the crown, the silver gilt gold -lavage seat, the middle decoration of the rubber (lost), and the edges of the bond of the coral material; Wearing it, silver gilt gold -lavage seat, nipple red cutting flowers imitation coral top beads.

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(Figure 6) Qing Sanpin officials Winter Chao Crown: Black Velvet Winter Hat, full of red crickets, put on the top of the three grades, the silver pipe clip, the white jade tube, and the dazzling dangling.

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(Figure 7) Qing Sanpin officials facing the top of the crown: bronze gilt gold -lavage seats, decorated with sauggal (material), and the prism -shaped imitation sapped beads.

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(Figure 8) Qing Sanpin officials Ji Yi crown wearing: bronze gilt gold -lavage seat, bright blue imitation blue treasure rafting pearl.

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(Figure 9) Qing Sinpin officials Ji Yi crown wearing: bronze gilt gold cutting enamel seat, the top of the dark blue imitation green stone top bead.

Figure 10

(Figure 10) The officials of the Qing Wupin are worn on the top of the clothes: bronze gilt gold -lavage seats, decorated with green stone (lost), and the prism -shaped crystal top beads.

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(Figure 11) Qing Wupin officials Jifu Crown Wear: Silver and bronze gilt gold as seats, and crystal top beads.

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(Figure 12) Qing Liupin officials Ji Yi crown wearing: bronze gilt gold -lavage seats, respectively white jade jade and 砗磲 砗磲 （（(a double -layer hollow on the left, carved double dragon drama pearl pattern, two flying dragons can active , But it will not fall off, the craft is very clever).

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(Figure 13) The officials of the Qingqi Pin were worn on the top of the crown. On the top of the prism -shaped golden top beads; wearing the crown of the auspicious crown on the right, the bronze gilt gold -lavage seat, and the silver gilt gold top beads.

Figure 14

(Figure 14) The silver roofs used by the students, supervisors, and local toasts in Yunnan: Zuo is a silver -roof for the left, the cashie of the monitor, and the cashie of the silver roof is on the right.In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, the rule of the Manchu dynasty was overthrown, and the feudal emperor system of more than 2000 years was completely destroyed.Death.The picture and text are provided by the author.The content has been published in the second phase of the readings of "Shangwu".

This article has been authorized by the "Shangwu" Art Center.

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