[Decoding Lishui Quality Agricultural Series Report] The symbiosis of rice and fish -the first global agricultural cultural heritage in Asia

Text | "Well -off" reporter Zhou Xueni

On January 22, 2021, Guangming.com's "Qingtian" Golden Business Cards Guardian Unique Agricultural Production System "opened this article: The streams are sulking from the mountains and slowly flowing into the seedlings of each villager. The villagers followed the seasons and carried out various labor such as embankment, pairing, and fishing fry in an orderly manner. Yuelangxing's sparse night, you can even hear the sound of "slamming and slamming" in the field. The farmland scenery is also unusual here for thousands of years.

In 2005, Qingtian's "Rice and Fish Symbiosis System" was listed as the first batch of global important agricultural cultural heritage protection pilots by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In 2021, Qingtian's "rice and fish symbiosis" system covers an area of ​​50,800 mu, and the average yield of rice is 455 kg of rice fish. The total output value of rice fish reaches 214 million yuan ... Rice flower fragrant fish fertilizer, villagers have "stable happiness".

How can fish and rice coexist? How can the ancient farming scene of the millennium be inherited and renewed in Qingtian?

The government takes a field fish to "swim" from the mountains to the world

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, "Qingtian County Chronicle" recorded: "The field fish has red, black, and couples, raised in the rice fields and ponds." The natural conditions of half -indoor fields are natural "disadvantages" in agricultural production, but the intelligent Qingtian people are adapted to local conditions, and they are kept in the paddy fields, creating a unique and ecological "rice field fish farming method".

Qingtian County Daishu Grand Jin Yuepin proudly told reporters that Qingtian people carved paddy fields like carving jade. "Qingtian's rice field fish farming is a typical ecological agricultural production method. One field dual -use, one water dual -use, rice and fish double -collection, mutual benefit symbiosis, rice shades for field fish, provides bait, field fish is eating miscellaneous eating While grass and pests, they can also loosen the soil to increase weight and increase transparency. "Jin Yuepin introduced that the cultivation of rice planted in this way is high. Soft and diet.

Figure: Grave Sominios-Dragon Sadou Field

Most of the rice fields here are terraced fields, wavy sections, and the lines are winding. "Our Qingtian's paddy field resources are scarce, and the fields are as narrow as possible, as long as they can walk." He said, "You see, the rice stalks here are strong, this is all the credit of field fish!" According to Jin Yuepin, Qingtian's rice and fish fields basically do not apply fertilizer pesticides. Compared with traditional rice, although the planting density has decreased, the output has not decreased. At the same time, the "worth" of fish and rice has also doubled several times. Essence In the terraced field, Jin Yuepin talked to the reporter about his experience from "quasi -overseas Chinese" to returning home as a "mud leg". Jin Yuepin is the "Third Generation of Overseas Chinese". In 1978, the 16 -year -old Jin Yuepin followed his uncle to France. From the brushing the plate, he stepped on the chef step by step, and opened his own Chinese restaurant in Paris. EUR. But the tail fish in the memory has always been the nostalgia that he can't wipe out.

At the end of 2007, Jin Yuepin returned to his hometown alone and devoted all his family to the symbiosis of rice and fish. "In the past, the rice and fish fields were largely eaten by the sky. It was more than enough to entertain relatives and friends in the New Year's Day. not enough."

Breaking the question, starting with the government's leadership. Qingtian County and Shanghai Ocean University, Zhejiang University and other universities carried out scientific research cooperation, and cooperated with experts such as Academician Li Wenhua of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to set up an academician and expert station in agricultural cultural heritage protection academicians to strengthen the protection and monitoring of agricultural cultural heritage Essence

In 2010, with the support of the county government, Jin Yuepin and several farmers established a professional cooperative of Fangyuan Tianyu breeding together to build a 2000 -square -meter field fish seedling base and more than 40 acres of rice field fish farming bases. "The government has given ecological subsidies, artificial fields, and cultivation of cultivated land reclamation, which can reach up to 2,800 yuan per acre, which is very helpful for cooperatives in the climbing stage." Jin Yuepin said that through government guidance and enterprise promotion , Scientific research support and farmers' participation in various participation mechanisms, cooperatives have studied the formulation of Qingtian Fish standards and selection of good breeds, and promoting the production of rice fish symbiosis field fish. The survival rate of fish seedlings is even higher every year.

The improvement of technology has made Jin Yuepin's rice and fish business become more and more popular. He registered trademarks such as "Fangyuan Tianyu" and "Erdu Fangshan Ecological Rice", and developed rice field farming in the model of "cooperative+base+farmers". 300 yuan 1 catties, in short supply, do not worry about selling the road at all.

Qingtian's field fish is not only very popular in Chinese restaurants abroad, but also because of its bright appearance, it has become an ornamental fish that is exported to Europe. "The farmers who had worked hard with Jin Yuepin also tasted the sweetness. With rice farming, the per capita annual income increased by more than 15,000 yuan. At present, Jinyuepin's cooperatives have driven more than 80 farmers around the surrounding farmers to increase their income and become rich.

Agricultural Healian empowerment of wasteland transformed into "rich fields"

"The seeds of the supply and marketing cooperatives have been received, and they will be able to go to the ground immediately! After three months, they will be full of rice flowers." In Xiaodianshan Village, Xiao Zhoushan Township, Liu Yongru, who just finished rapeseed, couldn't laugh. Essence

The supply and marketing cooperatives Liu Yongru said are the difficulty of solving the difficulty of the development of farmers in order to solve the "rice and fish symbiosis" of farmers. In 2017, the Qingtian County Government spent 20 million yuan to set up Qingtian County Qiaoxiang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., leading the operation of the Industrial Agricultural Union. In the same year, Qingtian County established the rice fish industry Agricultural Federation. With rice and rice as a pilot product, it developed 6,000 acres of rice fish and rice industry bases in towns and towns such as Shuqiao, Xia Zhoushan, Fangshan, and promoted the application of rice and fish ecological breeding technology. At the same time, it is signed by Qiaoxiang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. and the base to implement the "five unified" management of unified planning, unified varieties, unified planting standards, unified processing standards, unified processing, and unified brand image on Qingtian rice. Where to buy seeds? How to plant rice and fish and rice? How to sell it? These issues that have been worried about farmers have been solved by Agricultural Union.

Figure: Provincial Demonstration Model Base of Rice and Fishing -Ruan Tangzhang Cooperative

From the opening of the "Rice and Fish Love", the opening of the sickle festival, to the appearance of various promotion and exhibition; from the invitation Internet celebrity to live broadcast, to the 9 deputy county heads who have been working in Qingtian, they came to the stage to drink rice ; From settled in the flagship store of Hema Xiansheng, Alibaba, to the designated rice designated by the United Nations Geographic Information Conference ... Under the blessing of the Agricultural United Union, in just one year, Qingtian rice fish rice has increased sharply, and the price is from each kilogram. The 6 to 8 yuan jumped to 15 to 30 yuan.

"The role of the Agricultural Union is that it takes the government that the government cannot do it and professional cooperatives do not do well. Its foothold is to make each farmer increase the income and get rich." The relevant person in charge of the supply and marketing cooperative said.

This point, Liu Yongru, as the old Qingtian people, feels deeply touched. Liu Yongru's Xiao Zhoushan Township was one of the key towns and towns in Zhejiang, and the labor loss was serious. In 2004, Lao Liu returned to his hometown and started "the symbiosis of rice and fish", but the scarce land of Qingtian made it difficult for farmer retail investors. "The output can't be raised. In those years, I was eating the old basis, but the land I worked hard was reluctant." This land in the mountains, Liu Yongru's defending for more than ten years, but the more he stayed and poorer. Poor is thinking about changes, and the quality is improved if the output is not available. In 2013, Lao Liu began to try the production of organic rice. "Although organic rice is very popular in the market, it was not a scale at that time, and no one recognized. In the end, rice can only be sold at the factory at a price of five per catty." Until 2017, the people of Qingtian County Supply and Marketing Cooperative found Liu Yongru, Asked if he is willing to build the field into a demonstration base. "What kind of planting and how to plant these are solved by the supply and marketing cooperatives. All the rice planted the rice is uniformly recovered at the price of two eight pieces. Almost 100,000 income.

After fighting a beautiful turn, Liu Yongru had confidence. In order to drive more people to get rich, he cooperated with local farmers to sign the construction of rice fish and rice bases with the supply and marketing cooperatives, driving 114 farmers to develop, and the production of rice fish and rice entrusted county agricultural hair companies to sell unified sales.

Liu Yongru's experience is very representative in the local area. In 2018, all administrative villages in Xiao Zhoushan Township achieved "thinning"; in 2021, the collective operating income of the whole village reached 1.2286 million yuan; in 2021, Qingtian County promoted 7,000 acres of "five unified" rice fish and rice demonstration bases, radiation driving drive The development of more than 10,000 acres of rice and fish in the county has a total output value of more than 200 million yuan.

Wisdom bless

People are in early spring, and farmers are busy. In Longxian Village, Fangshan Township, Qingtian County, the villager Zhu Xuqing was operating in the field in the field. Turning the soil and ridge ... After a while, a large field was sorted out. "I added 200 acres of land. In the past, a person was exhausted a day and worked at most one acre. Now there is a farming machine. One person can easily get fourteen acres a day, plus mechanical harvesting, harvesting damage to harvesting, harvesting damage, harvesting damage, harvesting, and harvesting damage. The rate has also been greatly reduced. "Zhu Xuqing said happily," Wait for this place to take care of it, you can put fish fry immediately! "

"There are two pairing machines, three harvesters, one of the large rotary plowing machines, seven or eight units ..." Speaking of the existing agricultural machinery, Zhu Xuqing is like a few treasures. Fangshan Township is a typical mountain townships in Lishui. In the past, because large agricultural machinery was difficult to play in mountainous areas, the modern transformation process of the local rice and fish production industry was repeatedly blocked. The blessing, output value is still difficult to make breakthroughs. "

The turnaround is derived from the change of the concept of Lishui Agricultural Development. As the agricultural "double strong" actions that are more in line with the actual agricultural agriculture and mechanical agricultural agriculture that are more in line with mountainous and county agriculture are quickly rolled out. Lishui's agricultural modernization development has been continuously updated. The second time landed.

In 2019, Qingtian County issued the "Implementation Rules for Accelerating the Development of Ecological Agriculture". For the set sets of seedlings, rice transplanting machines, grain harvesting machinery and other equipment for seedlings that have been included in the central and provincial subsidy directory, according to central subsidies or provinces Cumulative subsidies for grade funds.

By continuously increasing the support of benefiting farmers and implementing the subsidy policy of agricultural machinery, farmers' enthusiasm for purchasing agricultural machinery is getting higher and higher, and Zhu Xuqing is the beneficiary of them. "The cost of buying agricultural machinery has been subsidized for nearly half, and the efficiency and output value have been greatly improved. It is indeed a benefit of benefiting the people!" He praised.

The modern transformation of the rice fish industry is also reflected in "digital empowerment".

In 1 minute, 12,500 kg of rice, 10 minutes of transaction 25,000 kg of rice ... In the first touch of online sales in 2018, rice and fish rice turned into "net red products". The fifth throne. At the same time, rice fish rice was successfully settled in Hema Xiansheng. In 2019, Qingtian issued and implemented the "Five -Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy", and the "hidden in the deep girlfriend" Qingtian rice fish rice successfully set up the Internet "express". In addition to the innovation of technical means, the ideological concepts of Qingtian's development of the rice fish industry are also constantly innovating. On the one hand, Qingtian uses the public brand of "Qingtian Fish" and "Qingtian Rice Rice" region, and enhances the value of rice and fish products with the new type of breeding model of "one acre of fields, hundreds of jacks, jacks, 10,000 yuan, and 10,000 yuan"; On the other hand, by exploring the integration and development of agricultural and cultural travel, it continues to polish the golden signboard of "rice and fish symbiosis".

"The popularity has improved. People in the country and even abroad have become in our village." In 2009, Wu Lizhen, a villager of Longxian Village, opened the first fisherman's music in Longxian Village with the support of the relevant county departments. Sales of local products such as field fish and farm wine, business is booming. After a few years, Wu Lizhen and her husband Yang Kang took care of rice and fish while running the fishing family music. They built a 5 -story building in the village, replaced the car, and bought a high -end apartment in the county seat. Essence

Wu Lizhen's story is just a silhouette that Qingtian rice and fish industry leads the villagers to become rich. In today's Qingtian, the unique agricultural production system that has passed on to more than 1,200 years has led to a new picture: in Fangshan Township, the Qingtian Rice Fish Symbolism System Museum with a total land area of ​​4057 square meters is rising. The main exhibition hall, the agricultural cultural heritage exhibition hall, the rice culture science popularization exhibition hall, the Minjiang freshwater fish show hall, and the agricultural heritage digital art museum, etc., vividly present Qingtian millennium rice fish culture. At the same time, Qingtian insists on creating a global agricultural cultural heritage park with a global concept, creating "Nature+Humanities+Urban and Rural" Greater Meimei Agricultural Park, so that the value chain will be further expanded from a single and figurative agricultural products to the rich and experienced. Strong research products, tourism products, and cultural products, thereby driving the integration and development of the first, secondary industries.

"Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage" is the flagship plan of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Maria Helena Same Dot, Deputy Director -General of Food and Agriculture Organization, said that "the global important agricultural and cultural heritage has proved the huge of its sustainable agricultural model through extraordinary ecological agricultural methods. Potential. By using the original characteristics of the agricultural system, it can inject new vitality into the countryside and promote rural development. "One side raises one person.

As a traditional industrial area for fish farming, Lishui will take the heavy responsibility of protecting, inheriting, and developing agricultural cultural heritage with important global agricultural cultural heritage as a link.

Rice and fish are symbiosis, heavy in previous lives, and this life overflows.

Edit: Dong Kona

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