China Speed Leading World

◎ Text "Fighter" magazine all media reporter Yin Xin

"once a Thief

"Eight vertical and eight horizontal" highlight China's hard power power

Earlier this year, the total mileage of China's high -speed railway exceeded 40,000 kilometers, which could be around the equator for a week. From the 14 years from 2008 to the present, the high -speed rail construction has been staged in the Chinese miracle, and it has also changed China at an unprecedented depth and breadth, which shocked the world.

In July 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Transport, and China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. jointly released the "Middle and Long -term Railway Network Plan", which outlines the grand blueprint for the "eight vertical eight -horizontal" high -speed railway network in the new period. Since then, the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" is like a endless and clever vine. On the landscape of 9.6 million square kilometers of land in China, it stretchs and develops, and has fruits.

In a sense, the development of the development of China's high -speed rail is like a running that rises and catch up with the world, showing the good wishes of the country's strength and benefiting the people, and reflecting China's determination and hard power.

On June 20, it is a memorable day for the Chinese high -speed rail. On this day, the Zhengyu high -speed railway was opened to traffic. The shortest trip time between Zhengzhou and Chongqing was shortened from 8 hours before to 4 hours and 23 minutes. Essence On the same day, the Jixian high -speed railway Puyang to Zhengzhou section was also opened to traffic. Since then, the "rice" high -speed rail network in Henan Province has taken shape. It only takes 52 minutes to reach Puyang East from 52 minutes. On this day, the Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, which was built in 1895 and has a history of 127 years, has been re -operation after more than 4 years of reconstruction and expansion.

On June 20, it was also the day when the Beijing -Guangzhou high -speed railway Beijing -Wuhan section began to operate at 350 kilometers per hour. With the start of the two trains from Beijing West Station and Wuhan Station, the Beijing -Guangzhou high -speed rail, which has been operating for 10 years, has been opened. Jingwu section has achieved high standards of operation.

With the opening of a number of new lines and high -standard operations, China's "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high -speed rail networks have been new again.

The origin of "eight vertical and eight horizontal"

The saying of "eight vertical and eight horizontal" originated in 2016. At that time, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly released the "Medium and Long -term Railway Plan" with the Ministry of Transport and the China Railway Corporation. The goal is that by 2020, a number of major iconic projects will be completed and put into operation. The scale of the railway network will reach 150,000 kilometers, of which 30,000 kilometers of high -speed railways will cover more than 80%of large cities. By 2025, the scale of the railway network will reach about 175,000 kilometers. Among them, about 38,000 kilometers of high -speed railways, network coverage has been further expanded, the road network structure is more optimized, the backbone effect is more significant, and the role of railway is better played with the guarantee of economic and social development. By 2030, the interconnection and interconnection of the internal and external interconnections, the unblocked area of ​​the area, the connectivity of the provincial capital, the rapid communication of the city, and the basically covered by the county.

The above -mentioned planning turns the "four vertical and four horizontal" high -speed rail networks to "eight vertical and eight horizontal": "Eight vertical" refers to the coastal passage, Beijing -Shanghai channel, Beijing -Hong Kong (Taiwan) channel, Jingha -Beijing, Hong Kong, Macao The eight vertical lines of channels, Honan Channels, Jingkun Channel, Bag (Silver) Sea Channel and Lan (West) Guangdi Channel; Eight horizontal lines, Shanghai -Kunming Channel, Xiamen and Chongqing Channel, and Guangkun Channel.

The Zhengyu high -speed rail, which runs through the entire line in June this year, is part of the "Yangtze River) channel in the" eight horizontal ". At the same time, it is connected to Zhengzhou on another" horizontal "-the Zhengzhou on the Luqiao Channel.

In the interview, the reporter of the "Legal" found that each channel on "Eight Eight Eight Eight Heng" was not only one railway, but it refers to a band -shaped direction from one city to another. Take the alongs of the river channel as an example, the starting point is Shanghai, all the way to the west, passing the Hefei and Wuhan in Central China to Chongqing, Chengdu and other places in the southwest. Important nodes are Nanjing, Anqing, Jiujiang, Wuhan, Yichang, Wanzhou, and Chongqing ; The Jinglan Channel in the north departs from Beijing, all the way west, passing the Zhangjiakou of North China, Hohhot on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and then to Yinchuan and Lanzhou in the northwest to the city of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Hulbao, Ningxia along Huang and Lanxi City The group is connected. In such straps, there can be multiple railways or high -speed rail, and there will be some branch lines and intercity lines.

When the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" was first proposed, China had 81.2 kilometers per 10,000 square kilometers, only 9%of Germany, 10%of the United Kingdom, and 11%of Japan. Based on the population, China's per capita railway was only 6 cm. The issue of "hard to find a car" is very serious. Railway passenger cars can only provide less than 3 million seats per day, but the average daily transport passenger is more than 4.1 million. During the Spring Festival, summer, holidays, etc., the problem of "one vote is difficult to find" is very prominent.

The number of existing lines is insufficient, the distribution is sparse, and the capacity is limited. The backbone of the backbone arterial line is close to saturation, which is the real background when the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" is generated.

Time has moved, and by 2022, the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" network has entered the encryption stage. According to the perspective plan, by 2030, the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" will be basically completed, and the total mileage of China's high -speed rail will reach about 45,000 kilometers. At that time, there would be longer and dense high -speed rail network cables on the land of Shenzhou to shuttle between urban agglomerations. Central Plains, Northeast, North China, Sai Shang, Damo, Jiangnan, in the Chinese territory, from the unable to all geographical partitions from the past, from the northern autumn wind horses to Jiangnan Xingyu Chunhua. Stable and comfortable half -day leisure. It is necessary to vigorously build high -speed rail

Strictly speaking, the history of China's high -speed rail will be calculated from the Beijing -Tianjin high -speed rail that officially opened on August 1, 2008.

According to the "Specification of High -speed Railway Design" (TB10621-2014): China High -speed Railway is a passenger -line railway with a design speed of 250 kilometers (including reserved) and the initial operation speed of the train per hour. The "Medium and Long -term Railway Network Plan" in 2016 is clear: China High -speed Railway Network, a new line and part of the design speed of 250 kilometers per hour and part of the design speed of 250 kilometers per hour. composition. In other words, trains that meet these standards, in the operational level, are labeled as trains or high -speed rails, which are actually within the high -speed railway network cable.

China is far ahead of the world. As of December 30, 2021, China's high -speed rail mileage has exceeded 40,000 kilometers, which is far ahead of the world. As early as the beginning of the design, the Chinese high -speed rail decided to use good smoothness, which can effectively reduce vibration -free orbit. In addition, small noise is also a characteristic of good experience in my country's high -speed rail. When the "Fuxing" is running, the maximum noise is only 65 decibels. The wheels use noise -canceling coatings, a streamlined front vehicle, full -all -inclusive car windshield, and new sound insulation materials. Today, China's high -speed rail has accounted for 70%of the world's market and has become a well -deserved high -speed rail strong country.

In China, the strategic significance of the high -speed rail is far greater than the cost of recovery in the short term.

First of all, the role of high -speed rail in the eastern region of China is beyond -doubt. Today, the urban agglomeration with a radius of 500 kilometers has formed a transportation circle for one to two hours, which is close to the busization operation of intercity travel; 1,000 kilometers cross -regional travel, only 4 hours in the high -speed rail network; 2,000 kilometers across regions, travel across regions, and travel across regions. The high -speed rail only costs about 8 hours, and it has achieved the day or every day. Compared with civil aviation, the price of the high -speed rail is more affordable and highly safe, making people more willing to choose to ride. "Limited to 500 kilometers and less than 500 kilometers, more people choose high -speed rail, each of which is about half of each; more than 500 kilometers, people will prefer civil aviation." On July 5th, a Chinese CRRC group was responsible for People tell reporters.

Secondly, the most important thing to build urban agglomerations is to enhance urban interaction in the group and the interaction between urban agglomeration and other urban agglomerations. The Zhengyu high -speed rail opened on June 20 reduced the traffic radius between the Central Plains urban agglomeration and the Chengdu -Chongqing urban agglomeration to more than 4 hours. More than 7 hours. This plays a key role in the development of mutual exchanges between cities, especially large cities, to big cities and large cities. In order to allow high -speed rail to set up stations in their own territories, too many cities and counties have been promoted by high -speed rail in order to allow high -speed rail to set up stations in their own territories.

In addition, the creation of employment will not be ignored by the development of the upstream and downstream industries with the high -speed rail. The high -speed rail is inseparable from the support of heavy industry. The upstream involves metallurgy, machinery, locomotive, construction and other industries. The downstream is the service industry and tourism industry. Public data shows that for each investment of 100 million yuan in high -speed rail, it can drive about 1 billion yuan in output value of related industries, while creating 600 jobs. Taking the "Fuxing" train as an example, its components reached 100,000, the production trains involved more than 500 enterprises, covering more than 20 provinces, and the number of industries driving and employment was countless.

Infrastructure is out of sea, and the high -speed rail is not absent

In foreign trade, China's solid and stable, low -cost, and high quality infrastructure products have always been the best in seafood. Among the upsurge of infrastructure, the high -speed rail naturally has a place.

In the story of the Chinese high -speed rail, I have to mention Saudi Arabia (hereinafter referred to as "Saudi Arabia"). The high -speed rail built in the desert represents the quality of China.

▲ Information picture

Saudi Arabia has a large amount of oil and funds, but domestic transportation is not very convenient. Therefore, in 2009, Saudi Arabia decided to spend 60 billion US dollars to build a high -speed rail connected to Micia and McGrady to alleviate its traffic pressure. For a time, various high -speed rail power such as Germany and Japan went to Saudi Arabia for inspection. However, after seeing the real situation, the vast majority of the investigators returned to the house and shouted: "It's too difficult!"

The first is the problem of employment. Near Meliga is a tropical desert climate, the climate is not suitable for construction, and workers usually work at high temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius. It is even more difficult to hire local people to work. They are used to working at 12 noon to two pm. It will be regarded as overtime during this period of time, and high overtime pays will greatly increase construction costs.

Followed by technical problems. The rails must have a very solid foundation, but it is difficult to achieve this due to the unique geological conditions of the desert. In order to play the foundation, sand control before starting, and a large amount of technical and capital investment is required to prepare in the early stage. Moreover, the desert wind sand will cause wear on the track and high -speed trains, resulting in high maintenance costs. In addition, frequent outbreaks of sandstorms will also cause a series of equipment wear and shorten the service life. But in the face of China's high -speed rail technology, everything is "not a matter." Faced with the high cost of employment, the railway construction unit of China railway was adjusted from the country, and more than 20,000 builders of 15 units supported Saudi Arabia; in the face of technical problems, Chinese engineers used the vibrator to squeeze the sand densely and solve it to solve it to solve the solution The problem of soft sandy texture; the construction of a protective wall around the railway to build a cobblestone to prevent the invasion of wind and sand, and alleviate the impact of sandstorms on the operation of the train. The trains used by the Saudi high -speed rail are also specially designed. Unlike the "Harmony" and "Fuxing" in China, Chinese engineers have improved the appearance of the air power to customize the surface materials and coatings of the train. Damage. In addition, China also attached desert governance technologies that adapt to high -speed rail operations to Saudi Arabia. The "Gift Pack" contains desert wind -proof and fixing and planting protective forests.

On July 7, a person who had been to Saudi Arabia took the desert high -speed rail and told reporters that the highest design speed of this high -speed rail was 360 kilometers per hour, which was faster than the high -speed railway labeled in China. "It feels smooth in the compartment, and it is not much different from the domestic high -speed rail. During the peak hours, the amount of transportation of this line is no less than the popular lines such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai." In the process, I did not feel the impact of wind sand on train driving, but the desert scenery outside the window was invisible in China: "The high -speed rail trains in the desert, this unique scenery is unforgettable."

Editing ｜ Cui Xiaolin

Edit ｜ Bai Kui

School pair ｜ Zhang Bo Zhang Xuehui

This article is published in the "Legal person" magazine in July 2022 The total 221 cover story column

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