Cover the quilt to the large land -the "pear tree model" of the protective cultivation of black land

At the Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, the staff is recording the data of the soil sample of the black land. (Photo by Zhou Cun laughs)

On the black soil cultivated by Hulunbuir Farmers Greater Bay Agricultural Ranch Co., Ltd., the farmers have received soybean harvest. (Photo by Zhang Yan, reporter from our report)

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Black Land Protection Law--

Legislative protection "giant panda in cultivated land"

Black land has high organic matter content and strong output capacity. It is known as "giant pandas in cultivated land". The image of "one or two soils and two oils" depicts the fertileness of the black land. Black land is high -yield and high yield, and also faces the problem of overdrafts of land fertility.

In order to protect and make good use of the "giant panda in the cultivated land", to play the important role of black land in terms of preservation of production insurance and maintaining national food security, the thirteenth National People's Congress Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress held on June 24th The meeting approved the "Black Land Protection Law of the People's Republic of China".

"Implement the important instructions of General Secretary Jinping on the protection of black soil protection and the spirit of the party's central government's decision -making deployment, combine the relevant bills of the National People's Congress, formulate the Black Land Protection Law, and use the special protection measures of the black land to benefit the people in the country. After fixing, the implementation of comprehensive protection and system repair of black land is of great significance for long -term guarantee of national food security. "Yue Zhongming, director of the Economic Law of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Standing Committee.

Persevere

Small incision legislation protects black land

In the core demonstration area of ​​the standardized production base in Siping City, Lishu County, Siping City, Jilin Province, corn seedlings have grown to knee height. Under the green leaves, we can see that the stubble of the straw is covered on the ground, and it is slowly rotten into the land.

"This straw is covered with a layer of quilt for our black soil, and the return of straw can supplement the black soil to supplement nutrition. At the same time, it also protects the wind and erosion, and the output is high, and the soil is good." Chang Zhang Wenzheng first used straw to cover the "pear tree model" in the village. He said: "Introduce the Black Land Protection Law to increase the protection of black land into the will of the country. The enthusiasm of protection. "

The Black Land Protection Law does not distinguish between it and has a total of 38, including legislative purpose, scope of application, protection requirements and principles, government responsibility and coordination mechanisms, rewards, and legal responsibilities.

According to reports, before the review and approval, the Black Land Protection Law has passed through the 32nd meeting of the 13th National People's Congress Standing Committee held in December 2021 and the Thirteenth National People's Congress Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress held in April 2022 Two reviews of the fourteen meetings. In half a year, the Black Land Protection Law has been reviewed and passed.

"Adhere to the problem -oriented and goal -oriented, adhere to the legislation of" Xiao Kuang Ling ", highlight the legislative pertinence, applicability, and operability, and strive to protect the cultivated land in the black land, promote the sustainable use of resources, maintain the balance of ecosystems, and ensure the national food Safety. "Wang Xiankui, deputy chairman of the National People's Congress Agricultural and Rural Commission, introduced the overall idea of ​​legislation of the Black Land Protection Law.

Pay attention to small incisions. The Black Land Protection Law mainly emphasizes the protection of black soil arable land. Yue Zhongming introduced that the Black Land Protection Law takes into account the history and status of black land development. It scientifically and reasonably determine the scope of black land protection and adjust it in a timely manner. It has planned, divided into steps, and classifiedly promotes the protection of black soil.

In order to implement the Black Land Protection Law, the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs will implement the national black land protection project and comprehensively implement the policy to improve the quality of the black soil. During the "14th Five -Year Plan" period, it plans to protect the black land of 100 million acres. "Coordinating the implementation of the use of livestock and poultry manure resource, comprehensive use of straw, deep loosening, green seedlings, green seed recycling agriculture, protective farming and other policies, implement comprehensive governance, and promote a variety of types of protective farming 500 million mu. Implementing 100 million acres of organic fertilizer to the field to promote the protection and utilization of black soil. "Du Xiaowei, deputy director of the Agriculturalland Construction Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, introduced.

"'Pear Tree Model" and other protective farming techniques have rejuvenated the black land, reducing the loss of black soil, increasing soil nutrients, and the good mode allows the land to have a good income! " Wang Guiman, the head of the agricultural technology promotion station of Lishu County, introduced the "Lishu Mode" in detail to promote the successful experience of the protection of black land to villagers.

Significant opinions-

Scientific legislation guarantees the use of black land well

Corn straw covers of more than 60%, subsidies for 100 yuan per acre; 30%-60%, subsidy 80 yuan; less than 30%, subsidy 40 yuan. In recent years, Jilin Province has mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers to protect the black land through protective farming subsidies. This year's 1.2 billion yuan of protective farming subsidies have been allocated.

"Today, straw covers exemption and sowing, one hectare can save nearly 1,000 yuan cost, and can increase production by more than 500 kilograms of grains. In addition to government subsidies, each one hectare can increase the income of more than 2,000 yuan!" This year, Zhang Wenzhang's cooperatives After operating more than 370 hectares, "planting well and raising land, the prospects of the cooperatives are getting more and more popular."

"Stalk is an important material for protecting farming. Previously, the common people used incineration to deal with straw, which was polluted and wasted. It is recommended that the state increase the subsidy of straw use and guide the people to become a treasure." Opinions on the Black Land Protection Law During the solicitation process, Zhao Yuguo, a farmer in Beidi Village, Tieling City, Liaoning Province, suggested to add the rewards and subsidies to the use of straw in the legal provisions.

On February 17th, a seminar on the draft opinion of the Black Land Protection Law involving multiple departments was held in Beijing. Many farmers, village cadres, farmers' professional cooperatives and heads of agricultural enterprises from the grass -roots level expressed their opinions, and the atmosphere was warm. At the symposium, Li Jiguo, the person in charge of the Jinfeng Commune Agricultural Service Co., Ltd., proposed that rotation, recreational, protective farming, etc. are all farming methods that are conducive to the protection of black soil. Increase the expression of "adapting to local conditions" in the provisions, and at the same time, the protection of cultivated land and food production should be taken into account.

After discussions, the Black Land Protection Law was absorbed on this suggestion, and "planning planning" and "adapting to local conditions" became the keywords in the legal provisions.

Black land must be well protected, but also use it well. On June 16, the National People's Congress Constitution and Legal Committee, and the Legislative Work Committee of the Legal Work Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress came to the Legislative Law of the Black Land Protection Law of the Black Land Protection Law to come to the "Black Earth Greece" Science and Technology Conference Demonstration Base in Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia. Do special survey. Jiang Ming, director of the Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guan Yixin, a researcher, introduced the protective farming situation of the demonstration base.

"In recent years, the problem of degenerative problems such as thinning, thinning, and hardening of black land, and the personalized technical solutions required for the protection and utilization of different black soil types have organized the implementation of the" Black Earth Grain "science and technology battle." The relevant person in charge of the Chinese Academy of Sciences According to the introduction, the battle combined with Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia provinces and regions, it was jointly implemented through agriculture, biological, high -tech, resource and environmental integration, forming a technical model suitable for different black soil types and geographical areas.

"The Black Land Protection Law emphasizes that black land is prioritized for the orientation of grain production, resolutely curbs cultivated land 'non -agricultural chemicals', and prevents the" non -grain ". The production capacity ensures that the total amount of black land is decreased, the function is not degraded, the quality is improved, and the production capacity is sustainable. "Yue Zhongming introduced.

The law clearly requires strengthening the construction of scientific and technological support capabilities of black land protection and promoting related scientific research results. "The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will form a team of black land protection technology guidance experts to strengthen technical guidance services for black land protection in different types and regions, and promote a variety of protection technical models according to local conditions." Du Xiaowei said.

From heavy punishment-

Severe punishment and damage to the illegal behavior of black land resources

"Black soil, black soil, two cents a pound, planting flowers and grass are good." In the video, a farmer called to sell black soil on the side of the road. He couldn't want the black soil and did not sell it, but he was defended in court. In recent years, a series of black land protection short videos have been launched in various places to promote the publicity of the law to promote the masses to protect the awareness of black land in accordance with the law.

"In the provinces in the northeast, after the black soil is dug out, it is sold at a price of 30 yuan to 50 yuan. There will always be people who have the idea of ​​selling black soil. "Yin Fanglong, deputy chairman of the National People's Congress Education and Culture and Health Committee, proposed in the group reviewing the draft of the Black Land Protection Law to proceed to illegally buy and sell black soil in any form.

"The Black Land Protection Law provides a strong guarantee for the protection of the precious land resources of black land. It is clear that any organization or individual must not destroy the black land resources and ecological environment, and prohibit the stealing, abuse and illegal trading of black soil." Yue Zhongming introduced, introduced, According to the law, acts such as stealing and digging, illegal sale of black soil will be severely punished.

"In the grass -roots practice, some local and departments have missed their duties and their supervision is not strict, resulting in a blind spot in the protection of black land, leaving an opportunity for illegal acts that illegally occupy or damage the black land." Yu Yunbo, Secretary of the Party Branch of Fengyu Village, Hongguang Township, Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province.

It is understood that in the past few years, somewhere in Liaoning Province introduced South whitening pairing shrimp farming. Some units and farmers found that the income of shrimp raising ponds can be considered as considerable. Essence

"Driven by economic interests, this kind of shrimp and nourishing phenomenon has spread rapidly to multiple towns and state -owned farms along the coast, involving a cultivated area of ​​7121.259 acres, including 816.53 acres of permanent basic farmland." Through the promotion and reform, classification and governance, the plot involved in the case and other 700 acres of permanent basic farmland was restored, and the remaining 110 acres of administrative agencies have also issued an administrative penalty decision. At the same time, the procuratorial organs took care of the interests of villagers in the case of handling the case and received the support and support of the local people.

To protect black land requires strong judicial guarantees. "From November 2020 to November 2021, the Liaoning Provincial Procuratorate promoted the protection and restoration of 6593.81 acres of black land by carrying out the special activities of protecting the black land to protect the Black Grain Litigation '. Yuan. "Wang Shuli, a member of the Procuratorate of the Liaoning Provincial Procuratorate and a second -level senior prosecutor.

"In accordance with the law, if the black land is used for non -agricultural construction and causes black land pollution, soil and soil loss, it is necessary to re -punish the relevant laws and regulations such as land management, pollution prevention, and soil and water conservation." Yue Zhongming said.

Source: People's Daily

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