Academician Yang Wei: Global open scientific governance requires China to join

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Zhao Guangli

"Openness is one of the essential attributes of science. The current open scientific movement has reached a global consensus, and global open scientific governance requires China to join."

Recently, Yang Wei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the director of the Expert Committee of the World -class Science and Technology Journal Construction, said at the 17th China Science and Technology Journal Development Forum.

Yang Wei believes that open science has become a new paradigm of global scientific research, and global academic exchanges are also changing to open acquisition model. "With the development of scientific research and exchanges, the form of academic publishing has undergone irreversible changes. Change is open acquisition. Or, the entire open science is already on the agenda. "

Yang Wei said that openness is one of the essential attributes of science. For scientific researchers, open science is conducive to improving data reliability and the ability to contact science data. However, it is facing many challenges and opportunities to promote open science in China.

Build a first -class journal

Yang Wei pointed out that the open scientific movement is promoted by Europe, and the third world countries are actively participating and support.

China is the country with the most open science and technology papers, and is the pole of the game of open sciences. "The active joining of China has a certain positive role in building a community of human scientific destiny, which is good."

According to Yang Wei, from the perspective of the number and influence of global scientific research output, the ten -year accumulation influence of chemistry, engineering, materials and computers in my country is the first in the world. First. "But in the construction of world -class journals, my country has to make more efforts."

At present, only more than 1,000 scientific and technological journals in my country have entered the Scopus database (scientific research search analysis and discipline planning management database), and scientific and technological journals registered in China only account for about 4%of the database.

"In view of this, China has increased its efforts to build a first -class international journal since 2020. It hopes to occupy a place in the world technology publishing community in 2030 and reach the level of shoulders compared with Europe and the United States in 2050." Yang Wei said.

Facing two major tests

The development trend of international science and technology publishing shows that opening up has become a major model with a clear business model and sales model.

Among them, the business model has changed from the original subscription mechanism to the main papers processing fees (APC); the sales model, driven by the "conversion periodical journal", is constantly promoting the group purchase thesis exemption APC negotiation.

Yang Wei proposed that my country is currently promoting many challenges and opportunities for open sciences. First of all, the substantial participation of my country in open science is not enough. Secondly, my country's open science has been accepted by academic circles and still faces two major tests, namely to answer two questions -one is how to achieve the win -win situation of interests, and the other is how to change the reputation of open acquisition in academia.

Yang Wei believes that for the first problem, the most obvious thing is that in the complete opening of acquisition, the rights and responsibilities of readers, writers, publishers, libraries and funders are asymmetric.

As a result, a series of issues follow -is the new rights and new responsibilities obtained by science and technology workers in open science? Readers have the right to read and do not need to pay. What is the responsibility? The author's literature reference and quotation benefit (less double paid, the APC needs to be paid), will the authors who have no funding support will complain?

Regarding the second question, Yang Wei pointed out that the reputation was not high when opening the journal. "At present, China's posts in openness to obtain journals have surpassed the United States, ranking first in the world. However Many of the journals are open, many of which are predatory journals. "

However, he also said that the reputation of opening journals is recovering.

"For example, the top journal is turning from mixed to conversion, and nearly 100 types of journals have joined this process. Most of our excellent plan (Chinese science and technology journal excellent action plan) adopt an open obtaining path. At the same time Get the reputation of the journal is gradually getting better. "Yang Wei said that open acquisition has the advantage of reference, and the impact factor growth of all open acquisition journals is relatively fast, and the transformation of the global publishing model is approaching.

Or meet three thresholds

Observing the current situation of the domestic academic community, Yang Wei believes that the implementation of open sciences in my country may encounter three thresholds, and three questions must be answered.

The first is who is the main body?

According to Yang Wei, the main body of the subscription model is the negotiation of the leading price framework of the China Higher Education Literature Security System (Calis), from 2000 to 2035. Specifically, the libraries are responsible for ordering, and each academic institution pays, and has the right to use the purchased database in the specified IP group.

For the open acquisition model, the author is an APC that opens the papers according to the general price payment. Academic institutions no longer have databases located in the cloud, and government departments should not directly negotiate group purchases with data providers. Therefore, whoever organizes a group and who pays is a problem.

The second is how to gradually add the price difference?

Yang Wei said that China has developed into an academic country in 20 years.

In the order model, the negotiation of Calis leading price framework, from 2000 to 2035, starting from the starting price of developing countries to 80%of the world's average price.

The APC that opens the papers is based on the average world price. At present, the various publishing expenses (subscription fees+APC) paid in my country account for about 6%to 8%of the world's total, and the number of SCI papers published by my country in 2020 has reached the reach The world's total is 28.5%. "If it is changed to an open acquisition model, the payment price will increase by 3 to 4 times. How to improve the price difference? This question cannot be ignored." Yang Wei said.

The third is how to stabilize the development of domestic science and technology journals?

Yang Wei proposed that assuming that the world is converted from the order model to an open acquisition model, the funding alliances and the publishing platform negotiate to reach a group purchase agreement. After the group purchase, my country's major academic institutions have obtained the right to read the scientific data of the corresponding publishing platform, that is, exempt APC within the agreed share, then the author of my country's major academic institutions will invest most of the manuscripts to the publishing platform after the group purchase payment payment. Essence

"Because these platforms are well -known, influential, open, and non -payment, and 5,000 local journals in my country are divided into 4,000 legal persons, it is difficult to start group purchases, so they may lose most of the sources of high -quality manuscripts." Yang Wei worried, so one, one After simply opening up the conversion, my country's local scientific and technological journals may fall into the trough. The stable development of domestic journals has become an issue that cannot be bypassed.

Implement four paths

In view of the above problems, Yang Wei proposed 4 implementation paths for reference from the perspective of promoting the open scientific perspective of promoting the scientific science of scientific and technological journals in my country.

The first is to build China's world -class academic data operation and service platform. This platform should have professional information and analysis teams, platform operating capabilities, open scientific data that is quite open with competitors, multi -dimensional independent combination service capabilities, and have credibility among scholars.

The second is to form a composite subject for purchasing open scientific data. The library alliance of each academic institution still uses the price framework of the subscription agreement as the starting point price of the group purchase; the IP group of the academic institution is still used as the coverage of the reading right, and the address range of the academic institution is used as the APC exemption. Users; medium map import and export companies or the National Natural Science Foundation of China as the general unit.

The third is the price strategy of base price+funding subsidy. Each academic institution related to group purchases pays no less than the price of the original data ordering model, and the funding of scientific data construction is initiated as a national strategic force for open science to form a national special fund, and multiple ways to adopt the national finance and social support. , Subsidize the difference between open scientific data group purchases, and use this data to bless some profit nursery funds operating the "Open Science and Service Platform" operation.

The fourth is to encourage my country's high -level journals to open up group purchase. The seven ministries and commissions of the China Science and Technology Association have formed a certain lead in our journal community through the "Chinese Science and Technology Journal Excellent Action Plan" and other plans. It can be led by the Chinese Science and Technology Association to form an evaluation mechanism for 5,000 scientific and technological journals in my country. On the basis of the assessment, the list of journals that can be included in the national open scientific database. According to the group purchase model of the international open scientific publishing platform data, the fund will be purchased by the selected journal. The above process can be carried out by dynamic adjustment.

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"China Science News" (2022-09-02 The first edition of the news)

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